Plant Biotechnology Persa
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of major cardiovascular disorders that is widespread today and has many complications, including death. Natural and herbal sources are one of the solutions to the treatment of various diseases. Many medicines are also used to treat chronic diseases. Some herbs are used to treat cardiovascular diseases, especially vascular complications. Plants such as Sylbium marianum, Vitis vinifera, Allium ascalonicum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium latifolium, Artemisia sieberi, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Amaranthus caudatus, Securigera securidaca, Ribes biebersteinii, Crocus sativus, Achillea wilhelmsii, Dorema aucheri, Teucrium polum, Nigella sativa, Nicotina tobacum and Pistacia vera.

Chronic pain is a common problem that affects the quality of life of patients. Among chronic pains, headache is one of the most common pains. This study is an ethnobotanical study of headache treatment using medicinal plants in Shahrekord region, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This study was performed by collecting data using an ethnobotanical questionnaire. Data collection was conducted from 21 April 2017 to 19 February 2018 among 29 traditional therapists. Out of 29 people, 8 were female and 21 male. The results of this study showed that according to the ethnobotanical knowledge of Shahrekord, nine medicinal plant species consisting of Salvia haydragea DC., Astragalus hamosus L., Hyoscyamus kotschyanus Pojark, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Origanum vulgare L., Anthemis hyalina DC., Adianthum capillus-veneris L and Dracocephalum multicaule Montbr & Auch belonging to a total of 7 families are used in treating headache. The highest frequency of use was obtained for Salvia haydragea DC. (6%) and Anthemis hyalina DC. (6%). Most plants with anti-headache effect (n: 3) belong to the Lamiaceae family, and the aerial parts (38%) are the most frequently used plant organ for this purpose.This study can provide comprehensive data on clinical remedies based on centuries of experience in the field of headache and thus might lead to perform further clinical trials of these remedies for the treatment of cephalic pain.

As you know the particle size is the most important issue in preparation of nanoparticles. Nowadays, conventinal drug therapy is characterized by limited effectiveness and undesirable side effects which are due to lack of selectivity and poor distribution. Hence, reduction of particle size is considered as an approach to reduce toxicity, increase release and bioavailability, improve solubility and produce a better formulation for a higher quality. Therefore, reduction of the particle size of nanoparticles is important. We would like to present a new method we used to reduce the particle average size to 64 nm. In the study of Sankar et al. an aqueous extract was used to prepare the nanoparticle and the size of the titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesized with aqueous Origanum vulgare extract in a Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis was 341 nm. We used hydroalcoholic extract and prepared titanium dioxide nanoparticles by using Origanum vulgare hydroalcoholic extract. The size of nanoparticles we prepared were much smaller average size (64 nm), which are about one-fifth of the nanoparticle sizes produced in Renu Sankar et al. study.

The complexity of todaychr('39')s modern society, increasing problems and changes in lifestyles can lead to stress and anxiety in people. To control stress and anxiety, sedative drugs that have anxiolytic and sedative effects and temporarily calm the person and lead to a pleasant sleep are used. However, it must also be kept in mind that each of these drugs have their own side effects. Being sedative is one of the reported properties of some herbal drugs. The use of these materials can be beneficial and will not cause side effects like those of conventional sedative drugs. The use of oral herbal drugs is one of the ancient methods that have been used to control anxiety, stress and pain. Besides, numerous side effects of chemical drugs have caused a renewed tendency to using herbal medicine. Therefore, this study is aimed to introduce some of the most effective medicinal plants with sedative properties based on Iranian ethnobotanical documents.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disorder of the digestive tract. Esophageal mucosa exposure to gastric acid can lead to mucosal damage such as esophagitis.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach and reflux esophagitis in patients referring to the endoscopy units of hospitals in Khorramabad between 2014 and 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, all patients who referred for endoscopy to the Endoscopy Units of Shohadaye Ashayer and Shahid Rahimi Hospitals of Khorramabad during 2014-2018 were studied. H. pylori infection was diagnosed based on pathological specimens. All patientschr('39') information including age, sex, presence of esophagitis (its grade), and H. pylori infection were recorded in the questionnaires and their relationship with esophagitis and its grade as well as H. pylori infection was statistically analyzed. Tables and charts were used to describe the data. t-test and Chi-squared test were used to investigate the relationship between variables.

The frequency of esophagitis in our patients was 52.8%, with the highest frequency obtained for grade B esophagitis (48%). In this study, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 57.5%. This rate was 55.4% in patients with esophagitis, with a statistically significant difference to the group without esophagitis (P=0.0009). There was a significant relationship between grade A esophagitis and H. pylori infection (P=0.0002).

This study suggests a significant relationship between H. pylori infection and esophagitis in affected patients.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that occurs when blood glucose is too high. Blood glucose is your main source of energy and comes from the food you eat. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into cells to be used for energy. Sometimes body doesn’t make enough or any insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays in blood and doesn’t reach cells. Diabetes, various cardiovascular complications, wounds, kidney problems, and many other diseases are chronic. Natural and plant-based antioxidants are more frequently used for treatment of diabetes. Herbal medicine, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Momordica charantia L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Curcuma longa L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Eugenia caryophylata Thunb., Mentha pulegium L., Urtica dioica L., Teucrium polium L., Ocimum basilicum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Cuminum cyminum L., Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg., Anethum graveolens L., Anethum graveolens L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Ficus carica L., Nigella sativa L., Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. are among the phytotherapies for diabetes.

Cardiovascular diseases represent significant health risk factors and they are major contributors to the global deaths and chronic illness/disability. For the treatment of cardiovascular disease, chemical and herbal medication are used. Herbal remedies used to treat heart disorders include Carum carvi L., Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Citrus auranti floria, Zataria multiflora Boiss., Teucrium polium L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Vitis vinifera L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Artemisia absinthium L., Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. and Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., which are of the most important products affecting cardiovascular disorders.

Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxy phenol) is a phenolic compound of the clove family Syzygium aromaticum. In traditional medicine, clove oil has been used as an antimicrobial, antiseptic and antispasmodic. Nowadays, there is also a wide range of use of eugenol for several purposes such as household products, fragrance in soaps and cosmetics, skincare products, flavoring substances for food, dental and pharmaceutical products. Eugenol causes an enhancement in skin penetration of diverse drugs, agricultural applications to protect foods from microorganisms, treatment of skin infections, skin lesions, and inflammatory disorders.