فهرست مطالب

Plant Biotechnology Persa
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/06/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Nima Karami, Mohammad Karimi, Mahmoud Bahmani* Pages 1-7

    Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem in society, both in children and in adults, which imposes stupendous costs on society. For centuries, people have used medicinal plants, herbal teas, and teas to relieve digestive problems, including to stimulate the digestive system and reduce constipation. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the indigenous and ethnobotanical knowledge regarding constipation in children and infants in Shahrekord. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out through a questionnaire in Shahrekord. This study was conducted from April 2017 to February 2018 through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire among 29 traditional therapists. The results of this study showed that medicinal plants such as Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle., Rumex pulcher L., Alyssum spp.Stead. Ex Boiss., Prunus amygdalus L., Astragalus adscendens Bioss. & Hausskn, Echinops persicus Stev. & Fisch., Plantago major L., Rheum ribes L., Stachys lavandulifolia, Plantago major, Alcea spp., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Peganum harmala L., Pistachia atlanta Desf. and Prangos ferulacea L. are traditionally used to treat constipation in children and infants

    Keywords: Gastrointestinal diseases, Constipation, Iran
  • Bahmani Mahmoud*, Marzieh Hadavi, Naser Abbasi Pages 8-13

    In this study, from June 2019 to May 2019 aerial parts of Scrophularia striata Boiss. were collected from Ilam city and those of Scrophularia deserti Delile from Dehloran city, Ilam province in western Iran. The aerial parts of the medicinal plants were pulverized. The essential and volatile oils were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and their chemical compounds analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using HS-SPME, 68 and 49 chemical compounds were identified from S. striata and S. deserti, respectively. Spathulenol (18.41%) was the highest chemical compound of the essential oil of S. striata, followed by caryophyllene oxide (15.38%), linalool (11.85%), alpha-terpineol (8.34%), trans-caryophyllene (4.44%) and geraniol (3.10%). The most important identified compounds from S. deserti were caryophyllene oxide (15.38%), linalool (11.85%), alpha-terpineol (8.34%), trans-caryophyllene (4.44%) and geraniol (3.10%). The most important chemical compounds of S. deserti essential oil included alpha-pinene (25.54%), alpha-phellandrene (19.60%), beta-myrcene (11.29%) and trans-caryophyllene (6.78%). Results show major constituents of this two plant include with a high amount of Spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide has high pharmaceutical and healthful value.

    Keywords: Scrophularia striata Boiss., Scrophularia deserti Delile, Essential oil, HS-SPME, GC-MS
  • Parisa Sadighara* Pages 14-15

    Various methods have been developed in recent years to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of food and biological samples. In this study, a new ferric iron reducing assay was applied for measuring total antioxidants. This method is based on the oxidation on the reducing the iron III to iron II. The extraction was incubated with Fecl3 and KSCN. Ferric thiocyanate complex is formed in an acid solution. This complex is measured at 474 nm. A lower absorbance indicates increased reducing power.

    Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Food, biological samples, Oxidative stress
  • Zohreh Merbiek Sabzevari, Gholamreza Goodarzi*, Saba Zinatifar, Khatereh Anbari, Maryam Hassani, Pegah Shakib Pages 16-20

    Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood that delayed diagnosis and treatment can cause irreversible complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in elementary school children in Khorramabad city, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 460 female students of elementary and secondary schools of Khorramabad city were recruited after completing a questionnaire including symptoms of infection, medical and disease history, and urine culture. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disk diffusion method accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS software. Of 460 students, based on urine culture results 12 (2.6%) had urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in 5 patients (1.1%) and positive culture and clinical symptoms were reported in 7 cases (1.5%). Escherichia coli (83.3%) was reported as the main cause of UTI among the tested samples. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was related to imipenem (91.6%) and ceftazidime (83.3%). The prevalence of UTI, pathogenic microbial agents and sensitivity to antibiotics in different regions and periods has a significant difference, which can be due to different health levels, constant change in incidence of germs that cause UTI and various antibiotics resistance. Because almost half of the cases of urinary tract infection are asymptomatic, screening for primary school children is necessary.

    Keywords: Prevalence, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Disk diffusion method, Antibiotic sensitivity, Escherichia coli
  • Majid Gholami-Ahangaran*, Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, Maryam Karimi-Dehkordi Pages 22-25

    Thymol and carvacrol as a natural essential oils and phenol compounds, are a component derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. These compounds have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-infalmmatory, modulating of immunity respond and anticarcinogenic properties. One of main effects of these compounds that make them as valuable material in poultry medicine is antibacterial effect. The increasing consumption of organic and healthy meat and eggs in human society has made it increasingly necessary to use compounds that are completely natural and do not cause problems for human health. Since antibiotics are chemical compounds that can remain in meat and eggs and cause antibiotic resistance, allergies, mutations and even poisoning in humans. Therefore, utilization of compounds that are natural antibiotics can be easily fed with a higher safety in healthy poultry production. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural antibiotics in the poultry production has been discussed in a recent review.

    Keywords: Antibacterial, Carvacrol, Thymol, Poultry
  • Erfan Khadem*, Amir Hossein Nafari, Ali Safarzadeh, Reza Falavand Jozaei, Mohammad Almasian, Hossein Elyasi Pages 26-34

    Cancer is an important public health issue worldwide and is the main cause of death in the developed countries and the second cause of death in the developing countries. There are several treatments for cancer such as photodynamic therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Current cancer treatments have various side effects, including the gradual resistance of cancer cells to treatment. The era of targeted cancer therapy has brought about new clinical approaches such as antibodies, small molecules, antiangiogenics, and antivirals. Yet even these strategies remain limited in their ability to accumulate in tumors and tumor penetration, which are the main obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Historic efforts to harness living organisms to fight cancer have recently been revived in the field of synthetic biology. Certain circulating bacteria can intrinsically home in on tumors, and can be engineered to controllably induce local cytotoxicity while remaining unobtrusive to the host system. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy in advanced tumor stages, resistance to treatment and non-specificity of these treatments, with the advancement of studies in this field, it is hoped that bacterial therapy will add a new dimension to cancer treatment.

    Keywords: Cancer, Bacterial therapy, Toxin, Gene vector, Hypoxia
  • Hossein Elyasi, Hadis Rahimi, Asghar Sepahvend* Pages 35-41

    Gelatin is a solid and transparent material that has wide application in various industries, especially for the production of food and pharmaceutical. This material is mainly made from meat, skin and bones of pigs and cows around the world. The industrial process of gelatin production is a long and costly process Also; these sources of gelatin production are prohibited in many religions and cultures in the world and they have a lot of health hazards. Therefore, this study was aimed at reviewing the alternative sources of gelatin production and the disadvantages and benefits of each of them. Relevant articles were searched from Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Science direct, and Cochrane library. According to the results of this article, gelatin with a source of animal can have many harmful effects on human health. While it is possible to produce good and useful gelatin using plant sources. Almighty Allah has always recommended humans to consume halal foods while avoiding haram foods. Extensive research is required from the Islamic world to replace haram products with halal and Islamic products. Nowadays, from materials such as agar, pectin, carrageenan and konjac that are mentioned above, and as well as other materials, very good gelatins are prepared. And further researches are needed to find the rich sources of good gelatins or to find plants that have appropriate gelatin.

    Keywords: Gelatin, medicine, Haram, Halal, Medicinal herbs, Quran
  • Naser Abassi*, Hori Ghaneialvar, Somayeh Shahsavari Pages 42-47

    Stomach ache is one of the most chronic and debilitating abdominal pains. Medicinal plants are one of the most accessible sources for treating diseases like gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we investigate and report the most important medicinal plants recommended by Persian medicine for treating stomach aches and comparing them with their proven effects in modern medicine. Gastric pain was probed in Persian medicine reliable textbooks such as Cannon of Medicine (Ibn Sina), Tibbe-Akbari (Muhammad Akbar Arzaani ), The Complete Art of Medicine (Kitab Kamil as-Sinaa at-tibbiyya) (Haly Abbas), Explanation of insults and signs (Kermani) Tohfeh Al-Mo’menin (Seyed Mohammad Momen Tonekaboni), and some notes were taken. The results showed that Panicum miliaceum, Punica granatum, Solanum nigrum, Calicotome spinosa, Tamarindus indica, Cuminum cyminum, Prunus domestica, Matricaria recutita, Viola odorata, Plantago psyllium, Berberis vulgaris, Pyrus communis, Linum usitatissimum, Vitis vinifera were the most important plant sources used in treating the stomach ache according to Persian medicine. The findings of this study showed that the useful effects of many recommended plants in Persian medicine are confirmed by recent scientific researches and are reliable

    Keywords: Pain, Medicinal plants, Gastrointestinal disorders, Persian medicine
  • Hossein Elyasi, Hadis Rahimi*, Amirhossein Nafari Pages 48-54

    Genetic modification is a specific part of gene technology that changes the genetic structure of living organisms, such as animals, plants, or microorganisms. Genetically Modified, is known with such names as Transgenic or Transgenic. In recent years, discussions have arisen about the potential effects of transgenic corn on health There are also discussions about its effect on other insects and other plants due to the gene flow The study was conducted as a systematic double-blind review by searching the Internet at the Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Highwire, MD Consult and Scopus databases. From the result of this study, we can come to a Conclusion that any transgenic product is not usable and can have many disadvantages, while some of them are completely safe and usable.

    Keywords: Genetically Modified corn, genetic modification, recombinant DNA
  • Pegah Shakib*, Samaneh Rouhi, Mohammad Reza Mr Zolfaghary Pages 55-58

    Tooth decay has occurred due to the numerous microorganisms in the mouth such as Streptococcus and Lactobacilli bacteria that can produce acid. Commercial antiplatelet agents are predominantly antibacterial compounds, but these compounds can disrupt oral bacterial flora and induce and enhance the growth of opportunistic pathogens, including Candida albicans. Nowadays, bacterial therapy is a replacement therapy for microorganisms. One of the methods of bacterial therapy is the use of probiotic bacteria. So far, many studies have been done on the effect of probiotic-containing food products on the microbial factors of tooth decay. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on dental caries. The search queries were from ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, magiran, SID databases. Key words were probiotic, dental caries, bacterial caries, tooth decay, laboratory and clinical studies. Finally, the selected articles were used for the review table. The results of the review of studies showed that probiotic strains are able to control bacterial agents that cause dental caries.

    Keywords: Oral diseases, Dental, Dental caries, Probiotics