فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 94 (بهار 1399)

Due to strategic differences and ideological animosity on different levels, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel both have controlled, contained, and deterred each other to maximize their regional power. The deep historical link between Russia and Israel in cultural, political, and economic aspects have directed the level of diplomatic relations of both governments from normal toward strategic. The U.S. sanctions on Moscow and the mediating role of Israel to resolve the disputes with the U.S. have provided an opportunity for Tel Aviv to use it as a bargaining chip in a strategic approach with Russia to guarantee its security. Although, Iran and Russia emphasized their mutual interests and developed participatory models to improve bilateral relations such that the level of military and political cooperation in the recent crisis of the Middle East implies the exceptional development in bilateral relations between the two countries. Henceforth, strengthening the political and military position of Iran and Israel by Russia has become a menacing factor for the national security of both governments. Thus, regarding the points mentioned above, this question arises that despite the competition between Iran and Israel so far what behavioral pattern has been adopted by Russia towards its two tactical allies? To answer this question, we hypothesize that Moscow's extensive relations with Iran and Israel and their role in Russia's regional and global policies have led Moscow to utilize a balance of power approach as the most reliable method concerning its two tactical allies. This research illustrates the research data analytically and based on the balance of power approach.

As in Islam fixed and variable rules have been deter minded based on individual needs in the field of government ruling and powers and for the administration of society based on the conditions of the time and place there is also the realm of ruling.In the meantime, the position of “Expediency” as a solution to crises in situation which we are faced with a phenomenon of Conflict of expediency is one of the most important issues in religious governance. “Especially” in the treaties contracting that according to materials and spirituality, government should sacrifices less valuable to more important expediency. Therefore, if we want to consider “Expediency” as a strategy to achieve important goals in treaties the question is: what is the “Expediency” in concluding treaties of the Islamic government and by what criteria and components is it possible to identify the most important and important? It seems that the practical life of the Prophet (PBUH) in concluding the early treaties of Islam can be a good answer to this question. This answer has been obtained from the study and analysis of the Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty as the most important treaty of the prophetic government with the artistic method of Schleiermacher, which is the historical_ analytical method. “Expediency” is something that based on the socio_ political situation, temporarily issues only the option of choosing a suitable alternative to the original (main) rule, given the important issue. The component of “Expediency” in the treaties are also included. 1- at the suggestion of enemy and it must be in the realm of power. 2- definitely cause to stop war and the killing. 3-Eliminates sanctions and ensure the security and freedom of Muslims. 4-to give the Muslims the highest point with lowest cost. 5- close any way to make excuses for the enemy. 6- provide a way back for enemy in case of abjuration

The model is a comprehensive blueprint for growth in the path of excellence. Thus, considering the dimensions and elements transforming the model of development with an emphasis on Islamic and Iranian form is extraordinary. The development pattern must be fully consistent with future circumstances so that it can pass through the turbulent future and be valid.The problem is that many documents that have drafted in the country are not achievable and often cannot be implemented. The reason is that the ultimate goals in these reports are not in compliance with the ideals of the next generation who have to implement the. In other words, our cognitive value is different from the cognitive value of the next generation. Moreover, the examination of the results and consequences of development in our country proves that western-style development not only has not led to the progress of the country yet worst, it has also diminished Islamic-Iranian values. The rationale behind this is in the difference between the principles, requirements, and objectives of development with the principles and objectives of the Islamic society of Iran, therefore, this necessitates the arrangement of a model relevant to the Islamic and Iranian civilization.This research, which highlights the implementation of the model in the future, firstly, theoretical literature has been reviewed, we analyze concepts such as progress, development, the Islamic-Iranian form, and the correlation between the Islamic-Iranian model with the concept of progress and development. The applied method of the paper is the library research method, in the framework of the analytical-descriptive approach, and with the aid of information, data focuses on the future. In this study, a conceptual model for implementing the Islamic-Iranian model of progress has been outlined, presented and classified based on the comments of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic-Iranian model indicators of development in 6 areas of political, economic, science and technology, environmental, human development and socio-cultural indicators.

The central question and at the same time, the principal purpose of this study is to identify the megatrends affecting the future of public diplomacy. Therefore, following archival studies and reviewing reliable resources and records, a list of key cyberspace significant trends affecting the future of public diplomacy has been identified.Then, by obtaining the opinions of 12 experts and consensus of their views on factors impact on each other using foresight methods, structural analysis/interaction method, interaction matrix was designed.By analyzing the collected data from the matrix using Mic Mac software, the impact and influence of each factor and distribution of factors such as stable and unstable have been determined and evaluated and trends affecting the future of public diplomacy have been identified. All trends in the form of strategic and determining variables or influential variables, two-dimensional variables, variables influential or dependent, independent variables, regulatory variables were classified. Based on software analysis, promoting artificial intelligence, enhancing connectivity, emerging new business models, external threats, globalization, intellectual capital protection, global trade, political stability, discourse change, the balance of power, strategic dialogue, enhanced virtual network media, economic interaction, cultural and social interconnections are the key actors in the future of public diplomacy.

Elites are the enormous human asset in each country. Elite affairs management requires the collaboration of all executive agencies associated with elite affairs under the title of "Elite System". Currently, one of the obstacles concerning the elite system is the lack of comprehensive plan and strategic management within elite affairs, which has led to several challenges in the management of elite affairs. The first step in the elite affairs strategic planning is to draw and formulate the strategic ends of the elite system, so this paper intends to investigate the strategic goals of this concept in the thought of the Supreme Leader. The thematic analysis method was used to accomplish the mentioned goal. The analysis unit consists of texts of all the Supreme Leader's statements in meeting with the elites in the period of 2002-2018.By analyzing and coding the comments of the Supreme Leader concerning the research subject, 6 comprehensive, 11 organizing, and 36 fundamental themes were extracted as the country's elite system strategic goals. In general, it can be said that the country's elite system strategic goals in the opinion of the Supreme Leader are: Strengthening the effectiveness of elites in national, international, cultural, and social fields; enhancing and promoting elite motivation; modeling and honoring elites; timely and accurate identification of elites along with the risks of identifying this group; raising elites from an early age (talent development stage) to elite stage and supporting them. The elite system along with the mentioned strategic goals also has the mission of organizational excellence, i.e. it is obliged to grow and promote itself in all aspects and levels such as in the field of management and playing a strategic role in achieving all the specified goals.

The purpose of this article is to examine the both position and comparing provinces of the country in terms of knowledge-based economic indicators that can help in recognizing, evaluating and improving the situation of these provinces. 20 indicators of the knowledge-based economy have been used in the form of 5 components, for this purpose, to study the current situation. First, indicators were weighted by Shannon's entropy method, and then the provinces were divided into five components: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, education and human resources, institutional and economical regimes, research and development, and performance, as well as a set of all these components, were ranked by using the TOPSIS model. The results show that Tehran province is in the first rank with a big difference. After that, Isfahan, Qom and Alborz provinces are in the second to fourth ranks, respectively. Also, the three provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, North Khorasan and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad are in the last ranks. Considering the results obtained in calculating the factors and indicators of the knowledge-based economy, it is necessary to pay special attention to provincial planners and decision-makers and private sector managers in promoting knowledge-based economy and reducing inequalities and spatial imbalances.

With the expansion of the global importance of the media in public diplomacy, some of the belligerent countries have attempted to set up Persian-language media. All media outlets have a strategic basis for media operations on its subjects. These strategies not only specifying the ultimate objective and the orientation of media but also considered as a road map to put the media in the path regarding its principal goal. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the media operations strategies of these networks to deal with them. Velayat-e Faqih, as an indispensable institution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has always been under attack by the media campaign. This study focuses on Velayat-e Faqih institutions to identify and explain strategic peculiarities of the idea presented by this institution under Persian-speaking satellite networks. This research analyzes the content of topics related to Velayat-e Faqih institution in ten years (2008-2018) and eleven Persian-speaking media using the qualitative content analysis method. The results of this study revealed that the chief strategy of these networks tends to undermine the five significant principles of this institution including discrediting the true character of the Supreme Leader, the religious and intellectual foundations of this institution, the popular aspects of Velayat-e Faqih, legal support, and lastly the functioning aspect of Velayat-e Faqih institution. This invalidation convinced the public in a way that ultimately leads to the delegitimization of this institution and the necessity of its elimination. Indeed, the strategic goal of these media outlets is to manage the image of the Velayat-e Faqih institution, to delegitimize it, and pave the way for the abolition of this institution from the political structure of Iran.