فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، پاییز 1399)

Nowadays, terms and conditions as a tool and benchmark along with climate andeconomic parameters and ..... in modeling urban landscapes are so important andeffective that it is always considered by urban planners and managers. In a sense, it isin the shadow of the law that the ideal form of urban space is created in different dimensions and it is certain that if implemented efficiently, it will objectively portraythe most beautiful view of human habitation. The role of rules and regulations on theprocess of urban landscape formation in the districts of Tehran district 8 has been discussed. The type of research is applied-descriptive-analytical in nature and is doneby documentary and survey method (questionnaire technique). The reliability of thequestionnaire was Cronbach's which was 0.8. According to the statistics of the totalpopulation of 87 statistical population, 12 were municipal experts and the rest wereexperts, statistical data were analyzed using lisrel and spss statistical software. Delphiwas analyzed and the results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significantrelationship between the efficiency of the rules and regulations and the efficiency ofthe rules and regulations. There are no desirable levels and interference Significantlybetween the status quo and the ideal situation there in the context of the turmoil inSima common sense- ie city neighborhoods, rooted in the history of urbanization in this region

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analyticalmethod. First, using library studies such as the study of texts related to the subject andprevious research and using the opinions of experts in this field, effective criteria fordetermining the physical dimensions of the city against earthquakes and finally usingFANP and TOPSIS model to analyze data will be. For this purpose, after reviewing therelevant theoretical and experimental texts and formulating the theoretical frameworkof the research, the explanatory indicators of the subject under study have beenidentified and selected. First, factor analysis was performed with selected indicators.First, factor analysis was performed with selected indicators. The selected indicatorswere then placed in a network structure; and finally, the weight of each of the criteria and indicators was determined using the ANP method. SUPER DECISION softwarehas been used to do this. Finally, the data is analyzed using the TOPSIS model. Theresults of factor analysis showed that five factors were identified as the finaldeterminant of physical resilience in the study area, so that the first factor with 24.573% had the greatest effect on physical resilience in region 7. The results showedthat this factor, along with the second factor, explains about 42% of the physicaldimensions of resilience in the region.By placing the factor load obtained from thefactor analysis in the ANP model, the significance coefficient of the index wasobtained. The results of the ANP model showed that the two indicators of access topassages with suitable width and access to green space with a coefficient of 0.110 have the greatest effect on the physical reflection of Tehran's 7th district. Finally, using theTOPSIS model, the neighborhoods were ranked The results of TOPSIS model showthat there is a big difference in terms of physical resilience between neighborhoods in the study area, so that Bahar neighborhood with 0.568, Niloufar with 0.576 andAbbasabad with 0.498 have the highest physical resilience. On the opposite side ofNezamabad neighborhoods with 0.340, Shargh 0.341 and Khajeh Nezam Al-Molkwith 0.346 have the lowest level of physical resilience in region 7.

Developing countries village societies from recent century faced with main threats such as unemployment and it is necessary to use Empowerment survey for rural population as a suitable solution in poverty and unemployment exit. So, the main aimof current study is recognition of popular personal and environmental factors in rural population Empowerment and Kabbodarahang central part selective villages (Koradabad, Vian and Taherlou villages) about employment. Current study is analytical – descriptive according to nature and it is applied according to aim. Statistical society contain 16-65 years old persons in mentioned villages and 256 persons were determined by Cochrane’s method as statistical volume and sampling was done with random and available case. To gathered data analysis (by using questionnaire); we have been used variance analysis statistical, Sheffe’s and Friedman’s following tests in framework of SPSS Software. Results showed that 12 cases from 15 cases relate to personal factors and 6 cases from 15 cases relate to environmental factors with higher mean of middle level (middle level equal with 3) and they are main factors of rural population Empowerment about employment. Rural Empowerment personal factors effect in Koradabad and Vian villages is more than Taherlou village and also rural Empowerment environmental factors effect in Kordabad village is more than Taherlou and Vian villages. Therefore, in studying ofdetermined rural population Empowerment; personal factors have main effect against environmental factors and according to time and placement conditions with relative conclusion, it is possible that we obtain different results for another regions.

The present paper seeks to provide new models for how the Residents of the world will live with a philosophical approach. In such a way that "knowing the actors of the Life World" and "how to live" The core of this article creates. Therefore, answering these profound questions will reveal many of the successes and failures in Geographical Territories. on this foundation, the present study is a "theoretical fundamental" type of research and in accordance with the qualitative strategy, the content analysis method has been used. As a result, the purpose of human habitation in this world is to answer the question of how to live. In other words, how to live depends on the Communication actions that have been formed between (Residents of the world, World thinkers, World administrators, world constructors) And the result Will be in living well-being or ill-being.Ultimately, the future of the Life World and humanitywill be determined by the Geographical Territories that make up the world constructors. Because, alone, a group does not play a constructive role in the success or failure of Geographical Territories, and "new ideas" will be formed from the link between the categories, which will result in well-being Geographical Territories.

This study has been conducted using descriptive-analytical research, correlation and causality and aims to explain the role of reverse migration in development ofsettlements of 19th area villagers. Also another goal of this study is the identification of the most important factors which are involved in villagers reverse migrations. The main question of this study is to differentiate the relation between reverse migration and economic development in rural settlements. Data collecting tool in this research is the researcher’s questionnaire that its justifiability has been formally confirmed by the expert’s opinion. And in order to determine the questionnaire’s reliability, Cronbach's alpha has been used which equals to 0.78, and this amount is satisfying in humanities researches. The research statistical population volume is based on 384 people Cochran model which is sampled by random. For the analysis of the collected data we have utilized singular T sample statistical tests and independent T, and also in this research we have used SPSS, and PLS softwares. The present research results indicates that the role of reverse migration in development of rural settlements, is very large from the economic dimension. The results evaluation of the different opinions of two groups ofexperts and migrators using the T test, suggests that the significance level for social-economic components is lower than 0.05, and there exists a difference of significance between the average of experts and migrators opinions on impact of reverse migration on social and economic development of villagers settlements.

The creation of industrial estates and towns is one of the most common industrialization approaches in the countries that are aimed at facilitating and concentrating activities. this strategy into account in its development plan since the mid-1970s. Industrial towns in our country are also referred to as industrial sector locomotives. The construction and development of these settlements in small cities such as Hassan Abad, taking into account its environmental conditions, can lead to the reduction of unemployment and, hence, the sustainable development of the city. Shams Abad industrial park with development plan of 3000 hectares and more than 18 thousand jobs in the vicinity of Hassan Abad city. This settlement can be the main potential for growth and development of Hasan Abad city. The present research studies the role of Shams Abad industrial park on sustainable development of Hassan Abad, Fashafiyah and suburbs. The method of research is library survey (a questionnaire). The results show that the establishment of Shams Abad Industrial Citycan have a favorable effect on the quality of life indicators in Hassanabad and its suburbs and has increased employment. Of these, the economic index has the highest impact and the environmental physical index has the least impact. Finally, the results of internal and external factors indicate that SO strategy is the dominant strategy in the study area.

Conception or apprehenssion of countries geopolitics toward geographical spaces is among relevant discourses in political geography and geopoletics.Geographical spaces having diverse value and resourses shows natural and functional of divrse conception to countries and political actors. Mental conception of actors and countries fromenvironment and the way of its apprehension has major role in decision and their behavour. Geographical spaces and places appears as understood values fromcountries, nations and political actors and finds political meaning and certain desirability for them. Geographical values finding certain desirability possesed geopolitical nature. These values have no stability and according to different condition during times will be changed. Governments and staes as the great political actors shape their policy,politics and habitual patterns toward other geographical spaces according geographical conceptions and undestood apportunities and threats and create differen habitual patterns like interaction, convergence, contest, conflict and so on. By studying the specialist views of political geography science can say the important factors and resourses influencing geopolitical conception among country relationship including value and resourses distinguished with geographical and regional nature. This study bydescriptional-analitical approach tries to detemine these imporatan values with geographical and regional of fourfold dimentions like natural, economical, social-cultural and political-military bases in habitual model.

Maintaining and promoting trust and social capital are the main components of the stability andefficiency of any political system.Components of political geography such as ethnicity, populationdensity or dispersion, level of economic development, geographical features of residence,demarcation, religion, etc. have a great impact on the level of social capital and public trust in therelationship between citizens and the political system.The aim of this study is to explain thecomponents of political geography that affect social capital and public trust in the Islamic Republic ofIran, especially in the government of Hassan Rouhani.The main question of the article is thatHowhave the components of political geography affected the level of social capital and public trust in theIslamic Republic of Iran, especially the government of Hassan Rouhani?The method of this article isdescriptive-survey.Questionnaire and interview tools are used to collect data and field information.Library studies, information on the Internet and other Persian and Latin sources will also be used todevelop theoretical foundations and research literature.The statistical population of the study is thestaff of the governorate of Tehran and the sample size is 300 people. SPSS and PLS software wereused to analyze the data.The results of the article showThatThe components of transparency,efficiency, quality of regulation, government effectiveness, rule of law, political stability and non-violence, accountability, fight against corruption and the right to comment depending on thegeopolitical characteristics of Iran's geographical regions affect social capital and public trust in theIslamic Republic of Iran. The geography of the presidential election and Hassan Rouhani's votes showthis connection.

Poverty line is one of the most important indicators to show the convenience level in acountry. Because of the unequal convenience level in different geographical areas andalso due to the fact that exact research and studies are required to make purposeful policy in order to decrease poverty, poverty line should be analyzed as a baseline of executing successful economic- social status. The present study is done to examinepoverty status in Makran beaches (Kerman, Sistan Baluchestan and Hormozghanprovinces) during 1985-2018. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and interms of research method is used descriptive-analytical methods. In order to analyzethe data, a dynamic linear expenditure system and apparently unrelated frequentregression have been used. The obtained results showed that the most final desireamong rural and urban families relates to the nutriment and tobacco productsconsumption whereas the least final desire among the rural families relates to therecreation and education and among the urban families it relates to the different goods and services. These results showed that the annually poverty line (the least livelihood)in different rural and urban areas in Makran beaches has been increased respectively20 and 22 percent during the study. The census ratio index shows the increase in thepoverty rate and the percentage of households below the poverty line in rural andurban areas of Makran beaches. Poverty gap index showed that equal income amountis needed in order to extend poor people income to reach to the poverty line in ruraland urban areas during the examined period at the beginning and at the end of timeperiod. Also the results of extent index showed that the poorest people’s status inurban families of Makran beaches is good and it has not been changed in rural areas.

Coordinating buildings with climatic conditions and saving energy is one of theimportant goals of climate design. Jolfa city has a relatively cold and dry climate dueto being located in a special geographical location, topographic conditions and climatesystems affecting the region. Is. So that the air temperature in the coldest month of theyear reaches -20 degrees Celsius and in the warmest month of the year sometimesexceeds 44 degrees Celsius. Therefore, bioclimatic conditions have a special status, so it is necessary to study the climatic conditions in relation to design to establish buildings in the cold seasons of the year to reduce the relevant problems. The mainquestion of this article is what effect do the specific climatic elements of Jolfa cityhave on the architecture of this city? The method of this article is a descriptive-analytical one in which an attempt will be made to study and evaluate the humanbioclimate of Oshbin Jolfa using the bioclimatic index of tissue comfort criteria (Pen Warden) and Algi. Using the synoptic meteorological data, the bioclimatic situation ofJolfa city was examined. To do this, meteorological statistics were used over a 27-yearperiod (from 1985 to 2012). The data were analyzed using experimental methods suchas Mahan, Gioni, Pen Warden, Algi and the Climate Need Calendar with the aim ofachieving the correct principles of climate design, the results of which provide solutions based on the study of the lunar climate. The year of the year and the comfortof human beings have been according to these indicators, including the establishmentof buildings in the direction of south, southwest and southeast

The purpose of this study is to design a strategy-based model on the human resourcesdevelopment in the tourism industry of Isfahan province and to develop a roadmap forits implementation. In terms of purpose, this research is of applied and developmental research type and in terms of implementation method, it is considered as a descriptiveresearch of survey type and in terms of research plan, it is of exploratory mixed type.In the first stage of the research, all published researches related to the research topicwere analyzed using Meta-synthesis method which the results of this analysis were toidentify and classify 9 human resource development strategies. Then, by consulting 10experts and analyzing those using structural-interpretive modeling method, thesestrategies were Leveling and the relationships between them were determined.According to the results, at the lowest level, the strategy of "designing the model ofjob competencies of the tourism industry" and "designing the human resourceinformation system" has the greatest impact on other strategies and at the highest level of the strategy "Tourism industry" was the most dependent. Finally, using the intuitivefuzzy AHP technique, human resource development strategies of Tourism industrywere prioritized. The findings showed that designing the model of job competencies ofthe tourism industry, providing public education and subsidy allocation, and offering discounts on training courses are the most important strategies for the human resourcesdevelopment in the tourism industry in Isfahan province

The rapid growth of the urban population and the recent influx of migrant populationsinto large cities and the need to meet the needs of urban populations, as well as theprovision of urban services, makes it increasingly necessary to utilize all the existing capacities of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve a sustainable growth in thecity instead of developing the city's horizontally, by filling the existing texture of thecity. Therefore,in this research, the objective is to assess the economic, social, access,environmental and physical aspects of the housing situation in Shahin Shahr City onthe amount of land abandoned and abandoned, and the development of urban intermediate growth. This research, in terms of purpose, applied and in terms of themethod is descriptive-analytical. At first, the indicators and dimensions of the topicwere prepared in most of the questionnaires and then tested in SPSS environment.Subsequently, using SWOT technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities andthreats were identified and presented with appropriate strategies. The results of SWATtechnique showed that the dominant strategy in the research was defensive type with afactor of 8.03. Subsequently, the five areas of Shahin Shahr City were ranked using theSAW technique, with Ferdosi with a score of 0.23 and Goldis with a score of 12.0.Then the results of this technique were shown using the Arc GIS software

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social participationfactors of citizens and tourists on environmental protection in coastal cities (case studyof Mahmood Abad). The research was conducted in terms of development-practicaland mixed method. The statistical population of the study consisted of facultymembers in the fields of environment, watershed management, agriculture, geography,tourism, Mahmoud Abad universities, managers of public organizations and privatecompanies, employers and contractors. Data collection tools continued in the first partof the semi-structured in-person interview until reaching the theoretical saturationstage. Interviews with 29 individuals (23 males and 6 females) were identified in 4Dand 21 items. The second part of the questionnaire was administered to Delphi group members (n = 8) in two stages for designing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part,a researcher- made questionnaire was distributed online among the statistical sample (n= 85) on a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of behavior (0.769), knowledge and attitude (0.755), religious beliefs (914), and socialization (0.001) were obtained. Β = 0 and significant coefficient t = 13691, meaningful relationship and firstof all standard coefficient between (factors of knowledge and attitude on socialparticipation) β = 0.0302; significant coefficient t = 13.148 In the second rank, thestandard coefficient between (factors of behavior and social participation) β = 0.325;the coefficient of significance t = 12.364 This significant relationship; in the third rankand also the coefficient of standard deviation (factors of religious beliefs on socialparticipation) 316 /. Significant Relationship Coefficient t = 11.964 and ranked third.

Given the key role and importance of the environment in improving the quality ofhuman life, addressing the environmental concerns that have caused internationalconcern has become essential. Undoubtedly, one of the categories that has degradedthe quality of the environment is the climate change of greenhouse gases. Therefore, inthis paper, the causes and consequences of climate change and greenhouse gases andinternational measures to deal with them are discussed.At the international level, themost important of these activities are the adoption of two international instruments, theGeneral Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, which provideappropriate solutions for reducing greenhouse gases and adaptation.Due to theimportance of reducing climate change and greenhouse gases in Iran, it has joinedthese two international legal documents and in line with its obligations to establish theoffice of the National Plan for Climate Change and has so far prepared and submittedtwo reports. Melli has taken action in this regard.Because climate change poses amajor threat to environmental health and human life, the commitment of theinternational community to address this phenomenon is a kind of ergonomiccommitment that doubles the need to address this issue.

Violence against Myanmar's ethnic representative of Rohingya Muslims has been painting for years by displacing thousands of people who can enjoy this right and have legal rights. The right to freedom of religion is one of these rights. Freedom of religion is one of the fundamental human rights and it can be said that all human rights in history can be avoided by religious demands. This right is available from the very beginning of the human rights movement and you can become an international advocate and advocate for it. A society that is objective. Using this appeal you may be entitled at the earliest opportunity. The right to use and use religious symbols is a mark of the intermediate link between freedom of religion and the expansion of the mark. Employers are also offered the right to offer programs to exercise their religious freedom. Oaths based on religion are a revision of this right. Today's Article by Delivery Method - A descriptive way you can consult on human rights and international human rights and international documents and show that they include propaganda paintings in Rohingya, as well as all of them It uses human rights.

Achieving a sustainable financial pattern to finance both current and developmentalcosts of the city is considered as one of the most important factors of urbansustainability, which allows investment in city’s infrastructure development system. Inthe current research, by investigating the income figures of the Tabriz Municipalityfrom 2013 to 1396, the 5-year procedure of income developments of this metropolisand also its path toward sustainability or unsustainability have been investigated, thenthe status of sustainable incomes in the financial system of the Municipality of Tabrizmetropolis have been identified in order to develop an appropriate pattern of urbanincomes management. In this regard, type of the research is applied and its method isdescriptive-analytical. The methodology of this article is centered on the quantitativeand joint approaches of documentary-library techniques. Accordingly, analysis of the5- year revenue resources of the municipality of Tabriz has been conducted by usingthe questionnaire tool along with structural equation model in Micmac software. Theobtained results represented that the highest amount of income was recorded for the year of 1394, while the lowest figure was registered for the year of 1392, and hencefrom 1394 onwards, the sustainable income sources of the municipality of Tabriz metropolitan area have been decreasing. Notwithstanding the decrease in the incomeof Tabriz metropolis in terms of the total budget in 1396 compared to 1392, the totalincome of this metropolis has been decreased compared to 1396 in its peak period(2015). In other words, a tangible part of reducing the unsustainable income of Tabrizmetropolis compared to its sustainable income is result of declining the whole incomeof the city, which has no relation to its sustainable income management. From the 48factors affecting the sustainable development of the municipality's income, 10 factors including A3, A10, A7, A4, A5, A8, A6, A2, A1, and A13 were identified with thehighest direct impact score.

Entering the third millennium AD, cities due to population growth and urbanization,have faced widespread challenges due to growth beyond responsive capacities, whichis reflected in issues such as urban poverty, lack of infrastructure, Informal settlement, growth of pollution, decrease of quality of life and in general, growth of instability canbe observed. In such a situation, finding new and low-cost solutions to achievesustainability becomes more and more necessary. Accordingly, the present studyargues that smartening, using indicators such as smart governance, smart environment,smart economy, smart mobility, smart life and smart people, is an effective approachto achieve sustainability (in Economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions). The method of descriptive-analytical research is of the application type,which is ranked using the first multi-criteria decision-making method of urban areasfor indicators of smart urban growth and the rate of inequalities. The geographicalinformation system is then used to classify its urban areas. Based on the results of theapplication of the Vickor model, each of these areas has obtained different rankings, sothat the four areas of the city in terms of the amount of selected developmentindicators are such that in terms of Having the studied indicators, region one has thehighest enjoyment and region two has the lowest enjoyment. This indicates inequalityand significant differences in some growth indicators in Ardabil. In a general conclusion, it can be said that in Ardabil, in order to achieve sustainable urban development, the smart growth strategy should be the main strategy in sustainableurban regulation, so that the city can achieve a balanced balanced spatial distributionin the future

The environment plays a vital role in sustaining human life and must be protected byall means.In Iran, legal solutions as well as coercive measures have not been able toprevent the destruction of the environment, so that the statistics show the worryingsituation of environmental degradation in Iran.Mazandaran province is one of therichest environmental resources in Iran, but it is in a red situation in terms ofenvironmental degradation.The main question of this article is whether moralframeworks can help protect the environment and sustainable geographicaldevelopment in Mazandaran province? The method of this article is descriptive-analytical.The findings of the paper show that ethics and moral frameworks based onIslam and the Shiite religion and efforts to extract and teach the ethical teachings of environmental protection can guarantee internal performance to protect theenvironment.On the other hand, given the dominance of the development view ofgovernment policy and the concern for job creation and all-round economic development, the best way to protect the environment is to empower the people themselves by strengthening moral foundations.

Social networks are the new generation of internet websites and are consisted of people as well as groups. The inclination to social networks has brought a significant evolution to the social system of countries in all over the world. These networks have provided their users with an environment for communication, participation, and settingup groups mostly for the ones who are interested in sharing personal thoughts andactivities with others. In this regard, participation with political issues is one of themost important activities in social networks. Political participation is indeed citizenactivities in order to influence on the process of political decision making and decision taking of governments and it is a complicated work through which can be hopefulabout the growth of social resource, control and power, organizing a majority of the population and responsibility of the government. Therefore, possibilities and abilitiesof social networks and the way they perform during present century is perfectlyeffective. Consequently, the necessity of considering the role of these networks on thepolitical participation has urged me for doing this research using three intermediate variables of political trust, political knowledge and political efficiency. This researchis done based on “The role of social networks on the political participation ofcitizens”. In the following study, the citizens in Twitter that had 10,000 followers werechosen to be the target population and from which 320 people were selected as asample and the questionnaire was used as an instrument to examine the subject of thestudy. Among the four hypothesis of the research, findings showed that the amount ofTwitter usage and their political participation with intermediary of political trust andpolitical participation of citizens with intermediary of political knowledge has asignificant effect but the hypothesis on the role of Twitter usage on the politicalparticipation of citizens with political efficiency does not have a significant effect

The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental aspects of the right tosustainable development for the protection of the country's environment. This is a descriptive-survey research using a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to increasethe accuracy of the data, the statistical sample was selected according to the statisticalpopulation (n = 44). Purposive sampling was used. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.92) and its value was determined bySPSS19 software. The data analysis method was exploratory factor analysis usingStructural Equation Method (SEM) with the help of Smart PLS2 software. The KMOindex value was higher than 0.769, indicating appropriate data correlations for factoranalysis. The environmental aspects of the right to sustainable development from theperspective of international environmental law can be classified into four general factors (education, empowerment, commitment and effort) and 12 related indicators.The overall model quality factor (GOF) is 0.80, which can be concluded that the modelis highly desirable. At the moment, the index of providing cleaner water is the highest priority, and human rights education is of the least importance. While, ideally, thecommitments of governments should have the highest weight. Achieving sustainableenvironmental development requires observing and incorporating these aspects into regional and national planning.

The position of points in the network is one of the most important aspects of urbannetwork analysis. The capacity of urban nodes depends on their role in the urbannetwork. One can provide a unified policy framework for the urban network byrecognizing the points and relationships and how they interact with each other. Thisresearch seeks to determine 1)the role of points in the urban network; 2) the capacityof the urban network, and 3) the integration of the urban network. Methodologicallyspeaking This is applied research. Research data include intra-provincial and inter-provincial passenger flow. 43 selected urban and rural settlements of Ardebil provincehave been selected for the analysis. Indices of power of linkages, degree of centrality,network entropy and core-periphery analysis were performed in UCINET6 software.In this research, a new typology of nodes in the urban network is presented.Accordingly, nodes in the network play one of the five roles of central, articular,independent, isolated and other foci. Analyzes show that Ardebil, Khalkhal, MoshginShahr, Parsabad are the centers and Sarain, Grammy, Aslanduz, and Bale are the articular nodes of the urban network. It was also found that the high number of isolatedfoci (22 foci) in the network is one of the major threats of Ardebil urban network.Finally, suggestions have been made to realize the integrated urban network andincrease network capacity.

Evaluation and sustainable development are two inseparable elements considered to beTo collaborate in solving social problems, economic and important resource that alarge part of the rural and urban settlements in the world have The effectiveness of the very great man dungeons space is always influenced by factors and forces theinfluence of internal and external processes in changing their Move to the concept ofsustainable development based on human-environment And expand economicopportunity and social justice and environmental considerations to take intoconsideration the middle cities according to local and regional conditions, which areWith the adoption of various aspects of organizational and institutional functions,services, demographic, environmental, land management, social, economic and spatialundertake Sometimes have special importance in the settlement hierarchy as a bridgebetween major cities and areas with low-level and facilitating the flow of act Thepresent study examines the sustainability of the rural hinterland of turpentine middle ofthe economic, social, and environmental indicators proposed pay attention to Middle of turpentine into two spheres of influence, direct and indirect influence is divided Therural areas were selected according to the dimensions listed are evaluated Continuing with questions and test hypotheses, and ultimately the sustainability of rural status andanalysis of the results can be demonstrated both in the middle of turpentine.

Nowadays, dynamism and Liveliness of each city is directly related to the constructionof urban space elements. One of the most decisive aspects of utility of city’s spatialstructure is awareness of citizens' residential satisfaction. This study which is practicalin terms of purpose; was evaluated the relationship between the spatial structure ofdistrict 17 in Tehran and satisfaction of its inhabitants by descriptive-analyticalmethod and by utilizing library resources and survey method. The study populationincluded citizens which have experience of living more than 3 years in this region and 322 of them were selected through stratified random sampling method. The resultsshowed that the explanatory variables of "transport and road network quality" and "urban facilities quality" are ineffective and also urban texture is reduced quality of lifeand living in the region due to exhaustion, accumulation of population, too density ofbuildings and lack of open spaces between them. So that, positive correlation betweenresidential satisfaction and quality of transportation networks as well as betweenresidential satisfaction and urban facilities was observed. The main causes of this dissatisfaction can be pointed to psychological and security problems caused by overcrowding and inefficiency of the transportation network in this area can bementioned. The results of the research show there was an inverse correlation betweenresidential satisfaction and the features of the urban texture.

Evaluation of different regions in terms of access to the index-service provides a possibility for planning and allocating funds to the programsMaker, consider the facts and consider the development level of the country's regions. This is why the present research aims to status of Iran's provinces in terms of development indices analyze and evaluate communications. The dominant approach of this research is quantitative analysis and techniques used 15 variables to measure the level of concentration techniques, distribution coefficient and coefficient of Williamson. The results showed that the concentration indices of development of communication models in some provinces of the country indicated. Williamson index composite index communication process for fifteen provinces of the country showed the unbalanced distribution of telecommunications services. Decentralization measurement models show that, over time towards decentralization an d distribution an d the signs of ag e an d is becoming a global village.

From a geopolitical point of view, the existence of different ethnic groups on the Iranian soil has given rise to the "name of Iran" over time. The persistence and identityof the Iranian name has been owed to various ethnic groups, especially the Persians. Given the dynamics of Iranian culture in recent decades, Iranian people have gained a more comprehensive understanding of their Iranian history. This is not ineffective knowledge of the internal and external geographic environment conditions.The assumption that we have witnessed the growth and change of the "name of Iran"through various changes is quite theoretically and practically defensible. Because in the course of history and the arrival and departure of various tribes to the land of Iran, one can search for developments in the name of Iran. Therefore, it can be said that the most important ground for the expansion of the globalist and nationalist morale and tendency in "The Name of Iran" can be seen in its geographical-historical origin.The Aryan race entered the "Iranian plateau" 1500 to 2000 BC. The concept of "Iran"originated in the first half of the third century BC as a result of Sasanian propaganda. According to the writings of Darius I and the sequence of arrangement of the names ofthe lands that formed the Achaemenid territory, it can be stated that in Persian literarytexts and prose, both literary, historical and geographical, from the middle of the fourth century onwards. The word "Iran" has always been mentioned. Also in the books of the Arab countries and their correspondence is the word Iran and its synonym. This article, which is a fundamental one, uses a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the evolution of the "name of Iran" from a political geographical perspective and to create a "unified and holistic" view. The necessity of the present study is that in Iran it is usually only a historical survey of geographical locations and the study of historical milestones and factors influencing the developments of the "name of Iran" and the geographical segmentation of the land based on fundamental changes resulting from the activities and practices of the neglected peoples.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the architectural design offacades of Tehran in order to explain a comprehensive and responsive system. The purpose of this research is qualitative research in the form of library studies and field surveys, questionnaires and interviews conducted by experts in the field, validity and reliability. Confirmed, the population is divided into two sections. The first part is urban managers, experts and experts in the field of architectural design of urban views and the second part are designers and practitioners, professors and students ofarchitecture and urban design. Since the population is limited, sampling was done fromall available individuals. In the fourth chapter analysis using Delphi method in four steps and SPSS software, has been presented the components of comprehensive systemof urban landscape architecture design. The results indicated that the overall facade architecture design system generally consists of: 1- Theoretical foundations in which the set of task assignments and the holistic designation are specified. 2. Area-specific committees and facade design evaluation committees include management and oversight. Implementation and infrastructure of location information including visualization and location-based application. 4. The Higher Committee is responsible for the management, planning and monitoring, as well as the accountability, participation and control of the committees' performance

As one of the oldest cities of Iran, Hamedan is thousands of years old. The oldest housesin Hamedan date back to the time of the Ackameniads. During the archeologicalexcavations in 1990s, the remants of these houses were discovered in Hegmataneh hill.Houses belonging to the era before Qajar dynasty are rare in Hamedan. However, thereare plenty of architectural structures belonging to Qajar era, including houses. This studyis an applied study with a mixed nature, employing both qualitative and quantitativemethods. In the beginning it delves into the climate of Hamedan based on the climaticrecords of this city from 1976 to 2015. It further studies the climatic needs of the region for wellbeing of humans, using Climate consultant software. Following this, 33 historichouses in Hamedan with full information and documents needed will be selected fortypology. The said typology was carried out, using structural analysis to find collectivephysical specifications of these houses based on the criteria effective on the climaticfunction of this city. Based on the results of this study, the architecture of the historiccities of Hamedan are in concordance with the climatic and social situation of this city.The most important factors involved included, maximal benefit of sunlight in winter, aswell as minimizinig the effect of unfavorable winds. Majority of houses in Qajar era wereinternal with central yards. In Pahlavid era, the form and shape of residential structuresentered a new phase. In this way, the historic houses in Hamedan can be divided into 3 categories based on the physical criteria effective on climatic functioning of the houses: Type A: Qajar era houses with internal form and central yard, as well as interior andexterior spaces. Type B: Houses of late Qajar and early Pahlavid era with a mixture ofinternal and external types. Type C: Houses that were under the effect of westernarchitercture and were external

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, a dynamic and new diplomacy on Middle East issues took place. According to many experts, in line with this dynamic diplomacy, according to the geopolitical identities defined in Iran's foreign policydoctrine (especially the geopolitical affiliations and concerns), Iraq is in the center ofIran's attention. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze Tehran's relations with the new Iraq in three different areas (relations with northern Iraq, relations with the Shiites, and relations with the Sunnis). The main question ofthis article is what are the geopolitical foundations of Iran's relations with the new Iraq? The method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The data required for the paper are collected from library sources and scientific research papers, as well as strategic documents. The results of the article show that the Iranian men's government is trying to increase its political and military power as the first Shiite geopolitical actor in the region and the world by developing relations with the Shiites and the central government using the element of religion and ideology. On the other hand, bydeveloping relations with the Iraqi Kurdistan Region during the establishment of bilateral and multilateral relations with the Kurds, they will provide a valve for their national security in this area. Iranians and Shiites and the deepening of their relations the extent of Iran's influence on the Iraqi scene Q and increase the area. The results show that Iran has not been as successful in developing relations with Sunnis due to its structural nature, use of the element of religion in foreign policy, historical background of religious challenges in the region, etc., as in two other areas. On the basis of Iran's geopolitical status, especially after the developments in Syria over the past three years, little success has been achieved.

One of the most important indicators of quality of life and the desirability of urban spaces is the sense of security. The sense of security in a neighborhood is influenced by various factors, including place attachment and social capital. The sense ofbelonging to the place of residence creates a sense of responsibility towards the environment and, on the other hand, by influencing social capital and by its mediating can affect the sense of security. Since an understanding of the factors affecting the sense of security in urban neighborhoods is necessary for planning to achieve it, this study seeks to investigate the impact of place attachment and social capital on securityin neighborhoods of Sabzevar. This is a survey research and a questionnaire was used to collect the needed data. The unit of analysis is the individual, the sample size is 384 by Cochran method. The data analysis method is Pearson correlation, regression, Sobel test and structural equation modeling (SEM). In this research, first the effect of place attachment and social capital on sense of security is studied and then the effect ofplace attachment to a sense of security with the mediation of social capital is analyzed. The results suggest that both social capital and place attachment have a significant effect on sense of security. In addition, place attachment significantly predicts variance of social capital. In addition, place attachment significantly predicted variance social capital and thus indirectly an d through social capital affects the sense of security.

This research is going to figure out the actual water demand of green space species in urban green space zones. Two main species that are spreaded in green space of Tehran metropolitan have been selected, Cupressus Arizonica and Morus Moraceae. The research was experimental with three testing prototypes (pilot) in three different altitudes. Each pilot included to blocks for each species. So according to randomized block design method of experimental design (RBD), 12 blocks have been treated for two species. Treatments were defined as normal current irrigation water consumption as first rreatment and half amont of first treatment as the other one. Altitude differences were 200 meter between pilots. Experimental variables were stem length, diameter and growth, leaf width and numbers whichwere under measurement everytwo weeks during six month treatment. Results showed Cupressus Arizonica in both pilots was more compatible wth second treatment and Morus Moraceae was compatinle with second treatmenrt only in one pilot. The Cupressus Arizonica species showed relatively better growth at higher altitudes of 1700 and 1900 meters, secondly, according to the collected data and charts, there was a significant difference in the growth of the silver cypress plant with treatment 1 compared to the second treatment ( It was not seen in pilot 1 and 2).

Todays, creating leisure time complexes with integrated cultural, educational, recreational and health-related approaches has become an important strategy in the management and planning of the world's cities. The Garden of Imam Reza (AS) is one of the 114 hectares of Astan Quds Razavi ecological endowment in Mashhad which can maintain its original function and serve as a social, health and economic center for citizens and even pilgrims. Be it. The method of this study is analytical-descriptive with assessment and evaluation approach. The analytical tools of this study were Expert Choice software for measuring the weight and effectiveness of variables affecting the recreation of Imam Reza (AS) garden. The technique used in this study is to select the scenarios and the optimal performance of the AHP. The findings of this study show that among the three (Alternative) recreation of Imam Reza's Garden (Option one) (Culture and Artgarden with Health Economics ComplementaryApproach) with 0.347 had higher priority for functional recreation. The results of this need-based and feasibility study show that the Imam Reza (AS) garden complex, which is currently only used as a fruitful garden in the strategic location of Mashhad, currently using only its horticultural products, has this unique capacity. Able to provide an environment for leisure, entertainment and sport for different groups ofurban and pilgrims and travelers as well as a base for the production, display and delivery of artistic and cultural products and services, Dynamic in the area of health economics also plays a role.

In the last decade, the growing population of the elderly in Tehran has provided us with the emergence of new service needs in different areas of the urban environment, especially the adaptation of urban spaces to such indicators as safety, security, accessibility, living, communication, social participation, and finally transportation for the elderly. In this project, we seek to answer the question that by developing leading urban policies and aligning them with demographic changes, will older people's participation in different urban spaces be achieved? Data collection was done through survey method and SPSSwin20 and LISREL8.5 softwares were used for data analysis. The population of the study consisted of 71,199 elderly citizens of the district three ofTehran. The sample size is 382 people, based on Cochran's formula, and is available in a randomized fashion. In this regard, as the correlation value is greater than 0.6 and equal to 1,00 we should conclude that there should be a direct relationship between the two variables, that is, the extent to which urban managers adopt and implement urban policies in line with the aging population structure, it will lead to greater participation of the elderly in Tehran's urban space

Bandar Abbas city has a special strategic position due to its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.And it is the largest port in Iran, which shows the importance of this city. The present research is considered as applied (developmental) research and documentary (library), questionnaire (quantitative) and interview methods are used to collect information.The research method of this dissertation is descriptive-analytical (survey - case study). The FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) technique is also used to assess the risk of critical locations.Six of the vital infrastructures of Bandar Abbas include; Oil refinery, refinery, power plant, railway, airport and Shahid Rajaei port were assessed as key assets, the results showBandar Abbas Power Plant (Tavanir) with 8 points is in the first place, Bandar Abbas Water Refinery with 7.21 is in the second place and Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery with 6.89 is in the third place. In the threat and vulnerability section, missile attack (air and sea) was identified as the first risk of all selected assets except the refinery, the first risk of which is biological attacks. Finally, an operational solution to reduce the risk of selected key assets was presented.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the role of urban regeneration in the sustainable development of Khorramdareh city. Recreating a comprehensive and integrated vision is a set of steps that will lead to solving urban problems, So that continuous improvement in economic, physical and environmental conditions created the tissue that has undergone change. Reconstruction is one of the most important strategies to show deprivation and routine in cities, inefficient and worn-out spaces with problems in urban contexts and movement in the direction of sustainable development. Sustainable urban development is also based on real needs and rational decisions, taking into account economic, social and environmental considerations. For this purpose, the present study used a quantitative and survey research method. A statistical population including all citizens of Khorramdareh city (68000) was determined. The classified sampling method was determined using Cochran's formula of 400 people. Structural equations were used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that the urban regeneration variable as an independent variable has two dimensions of environmental dimensions with four dimensions (spatial body structure, density, transportation and environment) (155/44) and institutional dimensions with dimensions (socio-cultural, economic). (0.32) and regeneration with (0.35) are effective in the sustainable development variable of Khorramdareh city. The results show that sustainable development does not end with urban and regional planning patterns, but goes beyond the design and implementation of individual projects and physical spaces. This development is a way of life, emphasizing the broad participation of the people. Ideas and programs that are designed locally and with the participation of the people, and a process that is formed with the participation of the people (from below) and the actions of the officials (from above).

One of the important strategies that has been considered in the last half of the last century to deal with regional imbalance due to the cumulative growth of large cities, is to strengthen small and medium cities and villages in urban network. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the functional effects of village - cities and its role in the development and balance of urban network system in Ilam province during the past half century. The present study is descriptive - analytical based on the nature and method of research. In order to analyze the data, quantitative analysis has been used by relying on models and urban planning and regional planning techniques. The results of this study show that the share of village conversion process to the city in the net increase in urban population of ilam province is more than 1 % of total increase. In spite of these villages, they have managed to attract and retain the population and have a positive impact on the spatial integration of population and adjusting the settlement system of the region.