فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Premature infants, due to incomplete physical development, are exposed to various painful procedures during care and treatment. One of the painful procedures is gavage feeding due to lack of coordination in swallowing premature infants. This study has been performed to evaluate the effect of Yakson touch on pain control of nasogastric intubation in premature infants.

This clinical trial study was performed on 64 premature infants referred to Taleghani Gonbad Hospital in Golestan province in 2019. The samples that met the inclusion criteria were divided into experimental and control groups by random sampling method. Infants in the intervention group received the Yakson Touch once a day for 15 minutes and 5 consecutive days. Infants in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and pain assessment in infants was evaluated by a neonatal-infant pain assessment tool. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods and SPSS-16 software.

Mean and standard deviation of pain on the first day of hospitalization was 5.24±0.71 in the control group and 5.24±0.72 in the experimental group. These values in the fifth day of hospitalization were 4.27±0.44 in control group and 3.9±0.53 in the experimental group. The results of this study with repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pain decreased over time in both groups independently. However, this reduction in pain did not show a significant difference between two groups (p=0.96).

The findings of the present study, which was performed to determine the effect of Yakson touch on the pain of premature infants admitted to the intensive care unit, showed that the pain intensity score did not show a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Due to the difference between the results of this study and some other studies, it seems that there is a need for further studies on the effectiveness of this technique in low birth weight infants.

Sexual function is an important part of the life of postmenopausal women and its changes, especially in menopause, can affect their health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual function in postmenopausal women.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all postmenopausal women who referred to Zanjan Health Center in 2020 to receive services. First, 50 available postmenopausal women completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, which included 19 questions of 5-choice. Among them, 30 women (sample size was selected based on the minimum sample size in the experimental studies), which were at an unfavorable level according to the cut-off point criteria, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 women including intervention and control groups. The intervention was performed based on acceptance and commitment therapy in 8 sessions of 2 hours and post-test was performed immediately after the end of treatment and follow-up three months later in both groups. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures in SPSS-24 software.

The mean scores of sexual functions in the intervention group were 21.66 in pre-test, 26.29 in post-test and 27.11 in follow-up, which their difference was considered statistically significant (p<0.05 and F=19.452). The mean score of sexual function in control group was 22.31 in pre-test, 23.28 in post-test and 22.70 in follow-up, which were not statistically significant. The mean scores of sexual functions were also changed significantly between the intervention and control groups (p<0.05 and F=12.115). This means that treatment based on acceptance and commitment had a significant effect on sexual function in postmenopausal women. Also, except for domains of lubrication and orgasm, it had a significant effect on other domains of sexual function (p<0.05).

Acceptance and commitment therapy has improved sexual function in postmenopausal women.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood and the first reason for children admitting to the emergency room. Mothers play an essential role in the recovery of a child with asthma and their high self-efficacy is associated with improving and controlling asthma symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the self-efficacy of mothers in caring of children with asthma referred to the subspecialty clinic and Ardabil educational-medical center of BuAli.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 266 mothers with 6-11 years children with asthma, who referred to BuAli Center and the subspecialty clinic of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Samples were selected by available sampling method. Data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and motherschr('39') self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 statistical software and descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square and Pearson test) statistics.

The results showed that 51.9% (138) of mothers had good self-efficacy. Also, motherschr('39') self-efficacy had a statistically significant relationship with the level of education, occupation, source of maternal training, medical history and number of hospitalizations of the child (p<0.001).

The findings of the study showed that only about half of mothers with children with asthma have good self-efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary for decision makers of the countrychr('39')s health care system to take the necessary measures to strengthen and improve the self-efficacy of these mothers.

Increasing of gap between the inter-recti abdominal muscles during pregnancy and postpartum, called diastasis recti, which is the result of weakness and transverse stretching of the linea alba. In this disorder, lumbopelvic control is impaired, which is one of the causes of lumbar pain and disability after childbirth. One of the treatment methods for this disorder is rehabilitation training in the core area of ​​the trunk. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isometric-isotonic exercises on improving the width of linea alba, lumbopelvic control, pain, and disability in women with diastasis recti after postpartum.

This study is a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial in which 24 women with diastasis recti were participated and divided into two groups of exercise and control (n=12) with a mean age of 29.66 (4.97) and 28.25 (4.55), respectively. We used the digital caliper for the assessment of diastasis recti and lateral step down test for assessment of lumbopelvic control. Also, vas scale and Oswestry questionnaire were used for assessing pain and disability. The exercise group exercised for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week and the control group continued their normal life routine.

By comparing the mean results of the intervention and control groups after eight weeks of isometric-isotonic training, a significant difference was observed in the rate of rectus diastasis and lumbopelvic control, pain, and disability (p≤ 0.05). Also, ETA squared of the effect size of exercise showed that these exercises had a very strong effect on the transverse distance of Lina Alba (0.846), the degree of pelvic lumbar control (0.850), the degree of disability (0.720), but had a moderate effect on pain variable (0.546).

Isometric-isotonic exercises of core stability can improve lumbopelvic control by reducing the width of Linea Alba and thus reduce lumbopelvic pain and disability in people with diastasis recti. According to the results, the exercises presented in this study can be used to treat diastasis recti.

Patient safety is one of the most important components of care quality. Nurseschr('39') self-efficacy has been introduced as a factor affecting the quality of care and job expectations which in turn affects nurse’s job behavior and attitude. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and job expectations of nurses with patient safety culture.

This study was a correlational descriptive study. 210 Nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were studied according to Cochran formula by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires of patient safety culture, Sharerchr('39')s self-efficacy and job expectations. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics (correlation and regression) in SPSS v.16.

The results of the research indicated that there was a correlation between the mean score of the patientchr('39')s safety culture and the self-efficacy and nurses’ job expectations (p<0.001).  There was a significant positive correlation between the mean score of the patient safety culture with the nurseschr('39') self-efficacy (r=0.577, p>0.001) and also between patient safety culture with job expectations of nurses (r=0.585, p>0.001). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the mean score of self-efficacy and nurseschr('39') job expectations (r=0.925, p>0.001).

According to the research results, it can be stated that nurseschr('39') job expectations and self-efficacy have a direct and positive correlation with the safety culture. Therefore, hospital managers can help increase the nurses chr('39')safety culture and create a safer hospital for patients by promoting nurseschr('39') self-efficacy as a cognitive factor and paying attention to their job expectations as a motivational concept.

Burn is one of the most common events in childhood. Pain relief in burned patients helps to stabilize the patientchr('39')s hemodynamic parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of auditory deviation on dressing replacement pain in children aged 6-12 years.

In this single-blind clinical trial with a control group, 80 children aged 6-12 years admitted to the burn ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention. Data were collected using a demographic profile checklist and Oucher pain scale. From two minutes before the end of the dressing, special childrenchr('39')s music was played for the auditory group. In both groups, pain intensity was measured and recorded 10 minutes before dressing, at intervals of two minutes during dressing and 5 minutes after dressing. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software and chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that no significant differences were found in the demographic characteristics of children and parents between the intervention and control groups. The mean pain intensity scores at all times of measurement were statistically significant between the intervention and control groups and in general, the pain intensity score in children in the intervention group was lower than the control group (p<0.001).

In general, the results showed that the method of auditory aberration is effective in reducing the severity of burn pain in children. Therefore, nurses can use this method as a cheap and accessible method that has no side effects on and interference with other therapeutic interventions to improve the pain relief of changing childrenchr('39')s burn dressings.

 Stress management training, due to the identification of various types of internal and external stress, can play an important role in self-efficacy and quality of life of nurses. This study was performed to determine the effect of stress management training on self-efficacy and quality of life in nurses of government hospitals in Tehran city.

 This interventional study was performed with pretest, post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all nurses in government hospitals of Tehran city in 2019, among them 30 nurses were selected by random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups with experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group (15 in group experimental and 15 in group control). Interventions based on metacognitive training were performed on nurses for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week. Research tools were included the Rolandic et al. self-efficiency scale (1984) and Weir and Sherbon (1992) Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance by using SPSS-21 software.

 The results indicated a significant difference in terms of self-efficacy and quality of life between two groups (control & experiment) (p<0.001). The effect or difference was 0.79 and 0.82. This means that 79% and 82% of individual differences in post-test scores on self-efficacy and quality of life were related to effect of stress management training.

The results showed a positive effect of stress management training on self-efficacy and quality of life of nurses. Stress management training has increased the effective skills of nurses for evaluating, social interactions and problem solving and consequently their self-efficacy and quality of life has improved.

Aging is a biological and natural phenomenon and one of the stages of life. One of the undeniable facts of aging is getting closer to death. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between attachment to God and attitude toward death in the elderly of Ardabil in 2019.

The present research was a correlational study performed on 400 elderly people in Ardabil city in 2019 by random sampling method. The instruments used in the study were Beck and McDonald's attachment to God and attitude to death (DAP-R) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS/23 software.

The findings of this study showed that the mean and standard deviation of total score of attachment to God and attitude toward death were 36.52±9.52 and 77.31±12.60, respectively. The correlation between attachment to God and attitude to death in elderly was 0.58. According to the linear regression model, attention to God, trust in God, and the total score of attachment to God predict 52% of the variance in attitudes toward death.

The findings indicated that higher secure attachment styles to God are effective in promoting positive attitudes toward death and mental health in the elderly