مجله پژوهش های علم و دین
سال دهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Every human being is a unique version and no two human beings with the same characteristics can be found in the universe.The scholars of the field of education have referred to individual differences as the "principle of moderation", and this is one of the principles that most have paid attention to. In the Holy Qur'an the verses referring to this are sometimes the basics of education and sometimes the principles of education. This article extracts the verses referring to this category by descriptive and conceptual analysis and analyzes the viewpoints of Quranic commentators. Islamic education scholars have made very brief references to some verses while the Holy Qur'an has endorsed and categorized individual differences between humans, which include physical, mental and social differences. He introduced the features of the system of creation and in some cases the tests of servants. Keyword: PRINCIPLE OF PRACTICE, INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, QUR'AN INTERPRETERS, ISLAMIC EDUCATION

The linguistics of religion and the study of its structure is one of the most important issues that has long been considered in the field of theology and has a long history. This topic in the philosophy of religion mixed with the subject of allegory is always dedicated to the analysis and study of the meanings of divine attributes and the explanation of religious propositions in all heavenly religions, Today, with the emergence of doubts about the conflict between science and religion, religious language has become very important as an independent subject. In recent decades, among the many approaches and approaches that have been proposed in the field of language of religion, Allameh Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai with an emphasis on the epistemological and understandable nature of various religious propositions has a significant point of view. With a descriptive and analytical approach, this research has considered the analysis of the opinions of this contemporary Islamic thinker about the structure of the language of religion and the allegorical nature of this language due to the existence of the ventricle and its inner layers.

It seems that philosophical debates around the problem of levels of natural selection which lead to propose group and multi level selection theories cause more efforts of evolutionary theory application in other knowledge domains such as anthropology. In this way Wilson’s efforts for explaining an adaptation role of religion in light of organismic theory of society is one of the recent and most debatable. On basis of organismic concept of religious groups and evolutionary group selection theory, he tries to explain religiosity trait as an adaptation. Although he tries to explain by giving some evidences from history of religion and religious groups’ behavior but not only there are some form and content critiques to application of evolutionary theory in other knowledge domains but also some serious rival theories offered.

Cognition the nature of order as well as how to achieve it, one of the most important concerns of man. The issue of social order is one of the important issues which has always been of interest to Muslim and Western philosophers and scholars. The main purpose of this research is comparative study of social order from the perspectives of Muslim and Western philosophers and thinkers. which has been done by analytical, inferential and comparative methods.In this research, Theories of structuralism, functionalism, cooperation and common values from the perspective Muslim philosophers and thinkers And theories of pressure or algebra, common interests, value consensus, and stillness Inferred from the point of view of Western thinkers And the views of a number of them have been examined, analyzed and matching.The results of the research show that Muslim philosophers and thinkers in the theory of shared values (compassion and justice) they agree with each other. But the views of Western thinkers are different and in some cases contradictory. The only similar theory that has been drawn from the views of Muslim and Western philosophers is: their focus is on values. This theory is similar to that of Parsons, who believes in the consensus of values in social order.

One of the results of progress and development of science was increasing attentions to scientific interpretation of the Quran. Recieve attention to scientific interpretation also leed to different approaches in this method of interpretation among Muslims, but Orientalists who entered to the field of Quranic studies in last decades also expressed their standpoints in this area. One of them is Massimo Campanini who defined the scientific interpretation based on philosophical hermeneutic foundations. His opinions about this issue cantain some common positins with contemporary muslim intellectuals. This research with Analytical-Critical method investigated his opinions and demonstrated that the basis of his idea like accord using philophosical hermeneutic in the understanding of Quran with Ta'wil, pass whithout any principle from literal meaning and signification of the Quran, historicisation of the Quran and phenomenological view to the Quranic verses are in contrast with accepted rules and principles of interpretation between Muslims, and at the end evaluated his analysis of Muslims ideas about relation between Quran and science and indicated its drawbacks.

Renovation concept of science and religion In light of Approach combines reason and faith Abstract The historical review of "reason and faith" and Interaction between The findings human and religious data and to Clarify the scope of each of these two categories, has attracted the attention of philosophers and theologians. So that the mountain area of the history of religions can be considered Continuous dialogue scenes reason and religion that the new face of its history as "science and religion" goes back to the Middle Ages. Science in the broad sense of the word is Regular collection of knowledge and human knowledge about natural facts which is obtained by experience and observation. Religion is a set of doctrines that is Revealed the source of divine revelation to prophets to guide mankind. Due to the differences in technique, subject matter and purpose of science and religion, this question has always been between philosophers and theologians, that what proportion can be assumed that between them? With a descriptive method, this article attempts to explain the approach of the Quran on the relationship between reason and faith and renovation concept of science and religion In light of this approach combine. Results showed that due to the nature of religious knowledge in both natural and divine, Working scientist and prophet is one thing And it is determining the nature of religious knowledge In both natural and divine their proper method Who, of course, the best way for scientists to determine the nature of religious knowledge is Directly observed facts of nature By means of sense and experience with a rational assessment and The best method in determining the religious knowledge of the divine nature is Discover Paranormal facts in the light of supernatural revelation with rational measure.Key words:The Holy Quran, ration and faith, Innate knowledge, the principle of nature, science and religion

The interaction between literature and cinema can be discussed as two artistic types: cinema adapts written texts from literature and transforms it into audiovisual texts, and literature has enjoyed cinema techniques, including "lighting". Comparing the Qur’anic scenes with the meaning-making techniques in cinema, including the "lighting" technique, is one of the areas studied in interdisciplinary research in literature and cinema. As a valuable literary work, the Holy Qur’an contains stories filled with literary scenes and images. This valuable work has sometimes benefited from the use of light and lighting to persuade and attract audiences and better understand the concepts. The present study aims to identify the lighting effects of the posthumous scenes in the Holy Qur’an and its role in persuading the audience.Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, the research aims to study the lighting of the posthumous scenes in the Holy Qur'an to determine the extent of the influence of light on the audience’s mind through visual senses and the message transmission of such scenes in the verses of the Holy Qur’an. The findings indicate that the Holy Qur’an conveys the messages and creates attractions in the audience’s mind and beliefs in the light channel. Using lighting in the posthumous scenes in the Holy Qur’an results in increased attention, understanding, improvement, and perception of the message coming from the scene display in the audience’s mind and beliefs.

Any kind of research on the relationship between science and religion is conditional on determining the subject and place of the conflict and the ambiguity of the words used in this discussion, and the literal explanation of the titles does not work in this issue. Thus, as has been said, science, empirical science, and religion mean ecclesiastical theology, and the two spheres of cosmology and anthropology are historical examples of the field of science and religion, which do little to help resolve this conflict. The place of conflict between science and religion has a return to understanding of nature (theories of experimental sciences), humanities, social sciences, etc. with knowledge of religion. None of the humanities, including the experimental sciences, can be considered definitive and certain sciences in such a way that they are honest and universal.

One of the issues in the discussion of the relationship between science and religion is the possibility and the nature of religion sciencse. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's Theory of religious science is one of the most discussed theories today. In this paper, the two approaches in Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's debates are separated from each other and named as the source-based approach and the subject-based approach. The source-based approach is not specific to Javadi’s point of view and is more or less prevalent among Advocators of religious science. His particular approach is the subject-based approach, which has been examined in this paper through conceptual reflections. The result was that this approach, because of some conceptual generalizations about 'religion', 'science' and 'divine science' and departing from common concepts, cannot answer the common problem about religious science.

One of the original teachings of modernity is the subject of secularism. According to this doctrine; The constitution, the rule of law, and the customary law of modern Western countries are based on the non-authority of religion, the privatization of religious rites, the separation of politics, and the conflict of science and reason with religion. In recent years, prominent political science thinkers such as Jurgen Habermas have reconstructed the position of religion in society and the relationship between politics and religion by proposing post-secularism and arguing for the necessity and presence of religion in the public sphere. In this article, the post-secular teachings of Habermas and the metasecular views of Motahhari are examined and compared in a descriptive-analytical method. According to the findings of this study, Habermas and Motahhari's ideas are similar to the incompleteness of secularism and the necessity of religion's presence in politics, and differ in the sources of transition from secularism and the scope of religion's presence in post-secular society. Based on the humanistic teachings of modernity,

the Enemies, from the early days of Islam to the day, does efforts to combat this divine religion and have tried various methods. One of the this ways, is create the doubts. In this regard, recently published book entitled The Critique of the Qur'an has been published by a person named Soha, in which the author attempts to prove the existence of error in the Holy Quran. In the section on scientific doubts of this book, the author has criticized verses related to geological sciences and introduces Them as Scientific mistake. These doubts directly cover some of Nahj al-Balagha's sermons (1, 91, 171, and 211), and Due to the complexity of Answer to them, has been less addressed by scholars. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method with a critical approach and based on library resources, it critically examines the raised doubts and claims. The result of this study is that what is stated in the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the Nahj al-Balagha's sermons on the geological sciences are exactly in line with the scientific findings. also the poems that the author has argued with them In terms of document, are fictitious

An urgent approach to the scientific interpretation of the Qur'an, which arose from passive confrontation with the advances of the Western world on the one hand, and the backwardness of the civilization of the Islamic world on the other hand, often the implementation of the Qur'an has led to unconventional theories and scientific theories, which themselves Is considered as an interpretive slip, and sometimes the theory of the extraction of all sciences from the Qur'an has been induced into society, which is also a misunderstanding. What is important and correct is the use of the definite and definitive achievements of the scientific sciences in understanding the verses of the Holy Qur'an and in the knowledge of the guidance of man and the achievement of eternal bliss and the harmonization of divine divine verses in the system of creation, which of course Only in the necessity-driven approach will the scientific interpretation be achieved. Desirable and ideal scientific interpretation, only with the cooperation of a group of experts in the field of empirical sciences in its various branches, arranges and interacts with the interpreters and acquaintances of the language and logic of the revelation, and maybe until the commentators are often unfamiliar with the specimens of the science of science and science scholars The natural alien from the depths of divine teachings, each individually and often from an emergency and passive, to a seemingly scientific interpretation of the Quran, this interpretive approach will remain ineffective.