فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Business model innovation is application of a different business model to an existing economic sector, which can lead to elimination of businesses in sectors and will change the governance. This shift, raises the question of the appropriateness of existing regulation and highlights need to re-design the regulatory system, considering common-pool resources. The solution for regulating new businesses in order to meet the interests of the general public, existing and new businesses, is polycentric governance and to recognize the role of nongovernmentals. This paper provides a framework for regulation of new business models using the Ostrom framework and the application-based transportation has been selected as the case-study. The findings suggest that the centralization of national governance within the Ministry of the Interior at the constitutional level and oversight by the union, coupled with local governance at the municipal level at the collective choice level, would be an appropriate framework.

Products regulation based on emerging technologies such as biotechnology has seized attention in the recent years. Thus the functional and structural analysis of Iran’s biotechnology regulatory system in the field of biological food and drug is presented in this study. So in the first step, Institutional mapping of biological drug and food sector is drawn, then based on Investigation of other countries biotechnology regulatory system and Conducting fourteen in-depth interviews and nine group interviews with experts, The existing weaknesses and challenges in this field identified and the appropriate solutions and strategies to deal with them are also presented in this article. The findings of this study shows that the structural requirements are: to strengthening the national coordinator institutions and reforming the arrangement of regulator institutions, and functional requirements are: to presenting some strategies and solution for the functions such as regulation, monitoring, awareness and law enforcement.

With the emergence of a new economic stream of cultural industries around the world, the need to downturn the oil-based single-product economy, the entry of the Iranian mobile gaming industry into global markets is a social and economic necessity that requires policymaking and share facilitation strategies. To achieve this goal, interviews were conducted with14 policymakers, researchers, and media activists using qualitative content analysis. After three coding steps, stakeholders and policies were summarized. This policy was categorized and presented by adopting a value chain management approach, at different stages of the game industry value chain, for three stakeholders including policymakers, investors and game makers. Following the policies outlined by the three stakeholders at different stages of the game's value chain can facilitate the process of entry of Iranian games into global markets.

Given that proper management in any field requires the development of an appropriate policy and the use of a network governance approach in it leads to the creation of a multifaceted perspective and the participation of stakeholders, this study seeks to achieve a policy development model. Tehran's public transport is with a network governance approach. This research was performed qualitatively using content analysis strategy and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The findings show that in designing the model, it is necessary to identify stakeholders, institutional structure, how to coordinate institutions, institutional functions and environmental conditions. Intermediate network construction with the role of Tehran Municipality mediation, central government support role of local government, turnover Interdisciplinary information, private-sector participation, and knowledgeable citizens are important components of research design.

One of the most important foundations of sustainable development is to educate efficient manpower which is vital for developing countries like Iran. However, the tsunami of unprecedented qualitative growth of student upon Islamic revolution especially in recent years has brought paramount consequences in the society. Present paper attempt to identify the consequences of students’ qualitative growth by using Q methodology. In present paper, upon reviewing the relevant literature as well as conducting 10 interviews with elites and sending email to faculties of universities and summarizing/investigating the relevant data, 38 items were recognized as consequences. They were prioritized by participants. The instrument was interview. Ultimately, the mindsets of participants were divided into two mental patterns (paradigms) base on the findings of Q factor analysis; in other words, research findings indicate that there are two different mental paradigms or insights on the consequences of quantitative growth in universities.

The discipline of public policy as a problem-oriented knowledge was formed with the final goal of solving public problems. Now the question is how to identify and analyze the problems and challenges of public policy - which itself seek to solve public problems in society? In this way we need to design a framework to explain the challenges of public policy. Given that the capacity of framework explanatory will be increased by adapting it to one of the most common problems in the society, this research after defining its framework, will apply it to Iran's environmental issues and policies. For this purpose, by applying qualitative method (thematic analysis) and conducting interviews with experts and examining upstream environmental documents, the main and sub-themes of policy-making challenges were extracted in the form of some dichotomies such as dichotomy of knowledge-action, tendency-action, symptom-root, conservation-development, interaction-protect and structure-function in environmental policy making.

The country's five-year development plans are the most important policy documents in which development goals and strategies are codified based on the country's ambitions, abilities, facilities and environmental conditions and serve as a guidline for governance of the country.The purpose of this study was to investigate the policies presented in the first to sixth development plans (1990-2021) of Iran about forest and rangeland. Herein, the study was performed by grounded theory method. The policies were categorized in the open coding. The relationship between categories was determined in the axial coding. The mentioned relationship was described in the selective coding. The results of open coding showed that 25 policy categories were presented in the development plans. In the axial coding, conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of forest and rangeland resources were selected as core category which were the the goals of plans. Other 24 policy categories were classified according to Phenomenon in three sections of the strategies (14 categories), context conditions (4 categories) and intervening conditions (6 categories). The results of selective coding showed that diversity and continuity of the policies varies from one to five plans.

The development of the world towards a trend to model driven, nature management strictly has engaged with such structures that identified by models, So that nowadays, cognition of nature is confined to modeling and model application become a basic tool in cognition of environment. This survey through qualitative content analysis, emphasizing on water and soil models, specifies that acceptability of models correspond to economic-development policies. The results show the model is defined as tool that show environmental policies performance of managers and policy-makers. Furthermore, four relationship were extracted in understanding of political and framework of environmental models that model can't be cognition and analysis tool for understanding of epistemic framework of the environment. While tries to conceptualize relationship between policy and natural processes that policy-maker do policy making in the best way and model offers solutions to optimize policy-makers  management tasks when those is non-optimal.

The philosophy of accountability and its implementation to address the problems of the bureaucratic system guarantee the health of the governments’ performance in the countries. This paper is the qualitative analysis of the views of the tenth and eleventh governments about administrative system issues to explore accountability of governments. Method research is based on the Vandyke and Fairclough's model considering the political, economic, and cultural conditions and the ruling ideological forces on the community to distinguish positions governments for the administrative system performance and their reactions to the results obtained. The Statistical population is the president's comments in two different presidencies which are published in the mass-circulation newspaper. Five texts were selected based on purposeful method of sampling. The results indicate that the tenth government discourse; indigenous development patterns; administrative reductions; government officials and agricultural development; the eleventh government's discourse is proper framing, accountability and transparency, legalism and moderation.

Family Policy deals with the effects of social policies and the government’s actions on family. The present study addressed the government's explicit and written policies directly affecting family and position of women in order to reveal the major themes and role models of family policymaking pattern in Iran. Research results showed that emphasis on marriage and the need for it, establishment of gender inequality, sexual division of labor in family, emphasis on the function of childbearing and upbringing as the key function of family, Maintaining family stability through degenderization in public space and observance of women's hijab and chastity constitute the major themes of family policy in Iran. Family policy in Iran reproduces and stabilizes the traditional "male-breadwinner/female-homemaker" model despite its attention to women employment. The approach of social policy in Iran is familialization strategy, but this social policy is not uniform and there are cases of paradoxical confusions.

From economists' point of view, taxes are among the most promising types of income for governments. This important issues of government economic policy plays a significant role in the implementation of the government's economic policies and outstanding performance in developing countries. Forever, policymakers and government officials in Iran have also paid more attention to promoting and improving the tax system. In particular, Iran's economy is largely one-off, relying on oil revenues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the damages of tax policy in Iran and prioritize its problems. The method of research is using the Delphi technique in the three round. The statistical population of the study consists of three groups of policy makers, executives and taxpayers. Findings of the research indicate that the lack of tax compliance, the weakness of the tax information system, the lack of proper tax culture and beliefs, various political and political dismissals for tax system administrators, the range and distribution of tax exemptions, and the lack of adequate monitoring and evaluation of tax policies. The arrangement is one of the most important tax policy issues in Iran.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the functions of educational policy in the education system. The main question is, what are the functions of the educational policy-making process in achieving the goals of the education system? For this purpose, data were collected and explored through exploratory and multidisciplinary approaches. Then the obtained information about educational policy functions was classified and analyzed in four themes and twelve categories. Based on the research findings, educational policy-making process through four functional categories of “development of civic norms”, “construction of intangible capital”, “internalization of political socialization” and “environmental protection training” affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the education system to achieve four goals: establishment of a democratic society, realization of national growth, development of good citizenship and achievement of sustainable development. The information required in this research are gathered in a library and documentary method.

Women’s presence and the role they play in various political, economic, social, and cultural areas are necessary for comprehensive development. The role women play in the society and their approach to this role have always been one of the challenges and concerns of society, especially for women themselves. The purpose of this study is to analyze the women's lived experiences of the obstacles and challenges faced by those playing roles in public policy making in the country. This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Therefore, 33 working women in different occupational positions in Qom were sampled and interviewed through purposeful in-depth and semi-structured interviews. To examine the reliability of the study, two strategies of reviewing and re-reading and the ideas of experts outside the study were used. Data analysis led to 44 basic concepts and 12 core themes. The main themes consist of “gender stereotypes”, “masculine interpretations of women”, “legal/ civil challenges”, “limited-range jobs”, “men's taste”, “symbolic violence”, “intra and post appointment challenges”, “participation method” , “excessive political inefficiencies”, “institutional poverty traps”, “psychological coordinates” and “theoretical and empirical poverty”, which can eventually be classified into three textual (structural), meta textual (behavioral) and sub-textual (individual) categories.

Establishment of the general policies of the regime in the Constitutional Review has changed the hierarchy of legal norms. Nowadays this effective legal subject has become progressive and forward-looking element so that after the day-to-day decisions of various legal and political organizations, approach of the Islamic Republic about quality of building the future is clear. In the meantime, the question has always been raised to what is the required domain of the general policies of the regime? Are the general policies of the regime to reflect in the laws or should other legislative and executive levels also be according to general policies? After clarifying this subject it should be studied what levels does it cover by supervision to implementation of the general policies of regime? So the main question of this research will be what is the domain and realm of supervision to implementation of the general policies of regime? To answer this question and to explain the subject, has been used a descriptive-analytical method. Finally after reviewing the existing viewpoints is confirmed the hypothesis of this research that is inclusion of supervision to implementation of the general policies of regime to different levels of legislation and execution. In addition it has been explained that supervision to implementation of the general policies of regime in the different levels should be with consideration features of contents of The general policies of regime and features of seccond clause of article 110 of the Constitution.

in spite of the fact that impact regulation assessment is a well-known tool to improve policy-making, it is not embedded in decision making processes in Iranian cabinet office and parliament. This paper first reviews the formal process to rule making and legislation, then designs a process to embed impact regulation assessment to add policy evaluation in those processes. In order to formal controlling impact regulation assessment report, this process is relied on an institution which decides to address rule or law draft or to turn it back to proposer.

Mancur Olson’s groundbreaking work, the Logic of Collective Action, has been influential in economics, political science, and sociology since its publication in 1965. Although starting from the public choice’s assumptions especially methodological individualism, he takes into account the impact of institutional factors on individual behaviors and actions. Thus, group action should be analyzed as the resultant of the relations between individuals and institutions. The Logic of Collective Action is the basic theory of Olson’s further comparative works on the different economic development experiences. Success or failure in economic development and policy in a certain society, from his viewpoint, is partly dependent on the relations between state and interest groups. In this paper, Olson’s theory and its implications on public policy and development are discussed.

The book "Government Tools in the Digital Age" is one of the basic texts and an essential foundation book in the field of government tools. An instrumental approach has been considered in public policy in recent years. In the present book, by introducing the tools of government, gives readers good knowledge. The author in this book, by introducing government tools and expressing the Requirements of the digital age and information technology, seeks to state how the digital age affects the type and choice of government tools for governance and public policy. The book also focuses on the use of a combination of government tools and the subject of package tools.