مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Studies show older people require increasing health care services. One of the most important factors that significantly affect the quality of elderly care is the willingness to work with old people. The current study is conducted aiming to examine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on willingness to work with older adults in public health students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018.

This study was an educational intervention in which the subjects included 36 students selected through the census method. The data gathering tool was the Willingness to Work with Elderly People Scale (WEPS), which was completed by the students two times (before and two weeks after education). After pre-test, two educational sessions were held for the students. The data collected were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, and regression in SPSS software.

36 students with a mean age of 21.94 ± 3.43 years participated in the study. The mean scores of attitude
(P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001), perceived behavior control (P < 0.005), and intention (P < 0.001) in the intervention group had significant differences after the educational intervention.

The results showed that education based on the theory of planned behavior was able to promote willingness to work with older adults among students. Therefore, it suggested to develop educational interventions to enhance attitudes towards caring for the elderly and promote intentions to work with them. So it is recommended this intervention be applied to students and staff of medical universities after further studies.

Sensory phenomena (SP) are a physical, unpleasant sensations and anxiety that are seen in most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety with SP in patients with OCD.

This was a cross-sectional, analytical, correlational study. Among all patients with OCD who referred to psychiatric clinics in Lahijan, Iran in 2018, a sample of 106 people was selected through the purposive sampling method. In order to collect data, the University of São Paulo's Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI), and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) were employed. The collected data were then analyzed using the logistic regression model and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS software.

At least one case of SP was reported in all patients with OCD. However, there was no significant relationship between SP and gender. The results of the logistic regression model showed that perfectionism, anxiety, and OCD have a positive and significant relationship with the presence and severity of SP, however the increase in SP intensity did not promote this effect (P < 0.01).

The present results support the importance of perfectionism and anxiety in relation to the presence and severity of SP. Therefore, in order to treat SP in patients with OCD, it seems that the role of perfectionism and anxiety should be considered.

Nowadays, one of the causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is the overconsumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in Iranian diet. Thus, dietary recommendations focus on the reduction of the rate of fat in food. This study is conducted aiming to measure the levels of SFAs in traditional foods produced and distributed in Isfahan, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 40 samples of 20 traditional food types were purchased from 19 restaurants in Isfahan. The SFA content was measured by the gas chromatography (GC) technic. A comparison on the SFA content of the food samples was performed by the independent t-test in different samples in SPSS software. A P-valuse of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

The total average of the SFAs was 43.3% in total fat. The highest amount of SFAs were found in Gheimeh and Ghormehsabzi stews (72.26%) and the lowest amount was found in barley soup (27%). About 45% of the samples had 30-50% of SFAs. Palmitic and stearic acids were found in all samples. Palmitic acid accounted for the highest rate of total SFAs (23.1%).

High levels of palmitic acid in Iranian traditional foods can have a detrimental effect on consumers’ health. Therefore, it is recommended to educate the personnel of restaurants about the role of fat on prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In addition, it is suggested to perform the continuous supervision of restaurants through hygiene inspectors to provide healthy food.

Depression symptoms are one of the basic pathological features of students with learning disabilities. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of working memory training in depression dimensions of student with learning disabilities.

Using a single subject experimental design with stepwise multiple baselines, 6 students with learning disabilities were selected according to available sampling method. The subjects were received working memory training over 15 sessions. To measure dimensions of depression, the subjects completed children’s depression inventory before the treatment and once every three sessions during the intervention.

The visual inspection of charts, effect size, Cohen, slope and trend change indexes showed that working memory training leads to a reduction in general depression and its concern/sorrow, morale, and low morale/sorrow components in students with learning disabilities, whereas inconsistent effects were obtained in physical development and components of physical symptoms.

These findings have important research and applied implications in the field of the role of working memory-related training in the area of depression of students with learning disabilities.

Community health largely depends on the primary health care ‎sector in a country. Health system policies in many countries improve the quality of health ‎care. On the other ‎hand, recognizing customer expectations is the first step in improving the quality of health ‎services. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of health services from the point ‎of view of clients in the comprehensive health services centers of Kohdasht City, Iran.

This was a descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of ‎the visitors to 14 comprehensive health services centers of the city, of which 310 patients were ‎selected randomly. The data were collected using the standard SERVQUAL questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software.

The service recipients did not assess the average quality of service delivery (‎61.10 out ‎of 140) as appropriate and acceptable. In all six dimensions, the quality of services provided was not acceptable. The most desirable and unfavorable dimensions were the tangbility (12.51 ‏±‏‏ 3.88( and quality accountability‏ (9.81 ‏±‏ 3.50), respectively. Women ‎estimated the quality of service lower than men and city residents lower than rural residents.‏ Age had a significant relationship with the dimensions of accountability and access. There was a significant relationship between income and tangbility dimension and education with tangbility dimensions and reliability.

The results of the study showed that the quality of health services provided by clients was not acceptable. The need to improve quality from different aspects, especially accountability, seems to be essential.

Being aware of both structure and correct demographic data in each country is essential for the economic, social, political and cultural planning as well as promotion in health indicators. This study is conducted aiming to examine the accuracy of housing census statistics in Iran and Ilam Province in 2006 and 2016.

The census data were extracted from the Statistical Center of Iran. Data prepared based on standard age and sex groups. Whipple and Myers methods were used to assess the accuracy of these data. In addition, in this study, the Whipple index was expanded for all digits.

Whipple indexes were 106.5 and 101.8 for Ilam Province and 111.5 and 104.1 for Iran in 2006 and 2016, respectively. Myers indexes were 1.40 and 4.9 for Ilam Province and 1.6 and 4.8 for total Iranin population in 2016 and 2006, respectively.

The study findings were indicative of a very high accuracy of the census data obtaine for Ilam Province and the country in 2016. Due to the high accuracy of the data, this information can be used to advance the country's health development programs.

Determining and evaluating risk factors for cancers is very important for controlling and preventing these diseases. It is known that the factors associated with human nutrition can play a major role in the risk of cancer.

In this hospital-based case-control study, 80 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were compared with 160 controls in terms of risk factors. To assess food intake and food insecurity, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Radimer/Cornell questionnaire were used respectively, in addition, the anthropometric indicators including height and weight were measured.

The patients in the CRC group had a lower food safety compared to the control group, which had a significant difference. In addition, in the study of anthropometric indicators and body composition, the body fat percentage was higher in the CRC patients compared to the control group. After adjustment with other possible confounding variables, only calorie intake, cholesterol, and fat were associated with CRC. After adjusting for other confounding factors, individual insecurity remained significant in the regression model, and the odds ratio showed that individuals with a food insecurity had a greater chance to join the cancer group.

Food insecurity, as well as high fat and calorie intake, were associated with an increased chance of joining the cancer group. In the case of food insecurity, more studies are needed. People with CRC have higher levels of fat and energy.

One health consists of individuals' collaborative efforts in several fields in order to achieve ideal health in humans, animals, and environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the practical status of One health and some of factors effective in it.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study which was conducted on 296 faculty members, staff, and students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran in 2018 who were selected using random sampling method. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying SPSS software. The statistical differences were assessed by linear regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests. P < 0.050 was considered statistically significant.

According to the results, 40.88% of the participants suggested an optimal function for preserving human's health. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between mean score of function in the optimum consumption of energy, environmental protection, and preservation of human's health as a result of attitude and commitment to One health (P < 0.050).

The low percentage of optimal practice in all areas of One health indicated the lack of awareness and attitudes of individuals about One health issue.

A high volume of wastewater is produced in dairy industries. These effluents contain high concentration of organic matters and nutrient elements (nitrogen and phosphorus). Discharging nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment leads to algal excessive growth, aquatics death, eutrophication and consequently, destruction of aquatic ecosystems.

This study was an experimental-laboratory study that was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from dairy wastewater by combined process of chemical coagulation and Fenton. In the first stage, the effect of different doses of coagulant poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) on removal efficiency of Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) was assessed and optimum dosage of coagulant was determined. Then, the supernatant was used in Fenton process and optimum values of reaction time, pH, H2O2 concentration and Fe2+ concentration was determined.

According to the results, the optimal values were a PAC dosage equal to 100 mg/l, pH = 3, reaction
time =  120 minutes, H2O2 concentration = 650 mg/l, and Fe2+ concentration = 150 mg/L. In optimal condition, maximum removal efficiency of COD, TKN, and TP was 91.70%, 76.58%, and 82.56% respectively.

The results illustrated that the coupled process of chemical coagulation and Fenton oxidation might be an effective method to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in dairy wastewater.

Nowadays, the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are evident to anyone, however the decision of a mother to feed her baby depends on many factors. Identifying these factors will enable healthcare organizations to raise the breastfeeding rates in different areas at an acceptable level by investing in them.  This review study is conducted with the aim of investing factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. 

In this review, 71 articles from Persian and English scientific bases were studied to identify the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding.

In this review, 39 factors were gathered in five dimensions: Individual and demographic factors, factors related to pregnancy and childbirth, factors related to the child's condition, cognitive-perceptual factors, and behavioral factors.
Given the findings, almost all studies confirmed the positive and significant impact of mother's knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, the positive impact of the education level of family, mother's perceived social support and attitude, and vaginal delivery was reported in most studies.

The results of this study can be used by all researchers who want to study the relationship between these factors and the exclusive breastfeeding.