نشریه روان پرستاری
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 39، امرداد و شهریور 1399)

Insomnia is one of the major disorders of adolescent sleep that has implications for various aspects of their health and performance. The purpose of this study was therefore the aim of this study was investigation the effectiveness of integral deep listening(I D L) therapy on improving insomnia severity and quality of sleep in adolescent girls with insomnia.

The research was semi-experimental (repeated measure). The statistical population consisted of 30 female adolescents, grade 10 and 11 with the problem of insomnia and no other psychiatric disorders from Isfahan secondary high school, who, as a target, were selected and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups in 2018. Research tools: Insomnia Severrity Index (ISI - 2006), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI -1989) and, Clinical Interviews (to diagnose insomnia and other mental problems). The treatment group underwen integral deep listening treatment for two months and and the scores of insomnia severity and sleep quality before and after the intervention and at the follow-up phase of two month were collected in both groups and analyzed using Variance analysis test with repeated measurements and bonfroni pursuit test.

Results have showed that treatment) IDL(significantly effect on improving the severity of insomnia and sleep quality in the treatment group compared to the control group and this effect is persisted at follow-up(P ˂ 0.001). There is a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group In the post-test as well as follow-up stages in both variables the severity of insomnia and sleep quality (P ˂ 0.001).

Results of this study reveal the effectiveness of integral deep listening treatment on insomnia severity and quality of sleep in adolescent girls with insomnia. According to these results and the mechanism of its effectiveness, this therapy can have good therapeutic implications.

Sleep disturbance during pregnancy is quite common, it threatens the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Non-pharmacological therapies are preferred for improving the sleep pattern of pregnant women with sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep in pregnant women.

This study was performed by quasi-experimental method using pre-test-post-test design with control group. The sample size was 30 people, who were selected by available sampling method. The sample group was selected from pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy who referred to Kerman health centers. The selected individuals had diagnostic criteria for sleep disorder during pregnancy based on the Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The selected individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. During the study, the experimental group began taking lavender essential oil for 3 consecutive nights a week. The Pizzberg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQ) was used in two stages before the intervention and after one month to evaluate the quality of sleep. Spss software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance test for the intervention group showed that the quality of sleep quality in the post-test was significantly higher than the pre-test (P <0.001). Also, a comparison of sleep quality scores in the postoperative intervention and control group by analysis of covariance showed that sleep quality scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.001), and aromatherapy with lavender essential oil was 59%. Explains changes in sleep quality scores.

Given the positive effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, it can be said that this intervention is useful for reducing the negative symptoms affecting the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. According to the findings of this study, aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy is effective on the experience of higher quality sleep and paying attention to its training in medical centers for women with wind can reduce womenchr('39')s vulnerability in this period. .

 Research evidence suggests that mentalization, the capacity to reflect on the mental states of onechr('39')s self and others, is impaired in individuals with non-suicidal intentions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term dynamic scanning psychoanalysis on mental retardation in non-suicidal individuals.

For this purpose, within the framework of a single-trial experimental design of multiple lanes with stepped entry of 5 counseling centers in Alborz province using Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic Tools (SCID-II) and Millon Personality Inventory (MCMI-III) based on the sample method The available treatments were selected and were individually briefed for 20 sessions of intensive short-term psychotherapy in six stages (pre-treatment, after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 sessions). 2 months of follow-up were assessed by the mental retardation questionnaire (RFQ-54) and the Self-report Behavioral Behavior Inventory (ISAS). Cohenchr('39')s index, percentage of remission and effect size were used to determine clinical significance.

The results of the data analysis showed that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is effective on increasing subjective and self-injurious behaviors of individuals with non-suicidal intent.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a good option for increasing the capacity of mentalizing and reducing self-injurious behaviors in people with non-suicidal intent.

Divorce seeking couples have many problems in their marital relationships and one of the most effective methods to improve marital characteristics related life is Feldman multilevel integrative approach training method. Therefore, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Feldman multilevel integrative approach training on increase marital relationship transparency and decrease divorce tendency in divorce seeking couples.

Present study was a semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with control group. The research community was including couples seeking divorce of Alborz city referred to Hami Khanevadeh counseling center in 2019 year. The research sample was 20 couples with low scores in marital relationship transparency and high scores in divorce tendency were selected by available sampling method and were replaced by random assignment method in experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes of Feldman multilevel integrative approach training and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data collected with the scales of marital relationship transparency (Saeedifard & et al, 2016) and divorce tendency (Rusbult & et al, 1986) in the pretest, posttest and two months follow-up phases and analyzed by repeated measures method.

The findings showed that Feldman multilevel integrative approach training led to increase the marital relationship transparency and decrease the divorce tendency in divorce seeking couples and the stability of results was maintained after two months (P<0.05).

Regarded to the results, planning to use the method of Feldman multilevel integrative approach training is necessary to increasing marital relationship transparency and decreasing divorce tendency in divorce seeking couples.

Delinquency is a social phenomenon and delinquents in compared to others are more affected to psychological disorders. One of the relatively new educational methods and derived from the third wave of psychotherapy to reduce psychological disorders is compassion focused training. Therefore, present study aimed to determine the effect of compassion focused training on hope, life satisfaction and alexithymia of delinquent female adolescents.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population was delinquent female adolescents of Zahedan city in 2020 year with number of 167 people. The research sample consisted of 30 people who after reviewing the criteria to entering study were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 people. The experimental group received compassion focused training based Gilbert package (2009) for 8 sessions of 90-minutes and the control group receive no training. Research tools were the questionnaires of hope (Snyder and et al, 1991), life satisfaction (Diener and et al, 1985) and Toronto alexithymia (Bagby and et al, 1994). Data analyzed with the tests of Chi-square, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 22.

Based on the Chi-square test the experimental and control groups weren’t significant difference in terms of their age and parentschr('39') education (P>0.05). Also, based on the independent t test the experimental and control groups in the pretest didn’t have significant difference in terms of hope, life satisfaction and alexithymia (P>0.05), but groups in the posttest have significant difference in terms of all three variables (P<0.001). In addition, the results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that compassion focused training led to increase hope (F=84.75, P<0.001) and life satisfaction (F=81.46, P<0.001) and decrease alexithymia (F=65.20, P<0.001) of delinquent female adolescents.

The results indicated the effect of compassion focused training on increasing hope and life satisfaction and decreasing alexithymia in delinquent female adolescents. Therefore, therapists and health experts can use from compassion focused training method along with other educational methods to improve psychological characteristics delinquent female adolescents including their hope, life satisfaction and alexithymia.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the relationship between behavioral brain systems and Alexithymia in students of Sari Farhangian University.  

The statistical population of this study was all students of Farhangian University of Sari in the academic year of 2018-2019. From this statistical population, a sample of 234 people was selected by stratified random method.  To measure the research variables, the Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ) questionnaire, Carver and White Behavioral Activation and Activation Systems Questionnaire and Alexithymia Questionnaire were used. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling.

In general, the results showed that brain-behavioral systems and defense mechanisms have a direct role in Alexithymia(p <0/01). Behavioral activation system and developed defense mechanism showed a negative and significant effect on alexithymia and behavioral inhibition system and defense mechanisms (undeveloped and neuroticism defense styles) showed a positive and significant effect on emotional malaise.Also, brain-behavioral systems with the mediating role of defense mechanisms indirectly played a role in Alexithymia(p <0/01). Therefore the results showed that the proposed model of causal relationships between these variables had an acceptable fit.

That brain-behavioral systems in the form of a causal model play in the role of vulnerable factors with the mediating role of the defense mechanism in the occurrence of alexithymia

Obesity causes physical, psychological and even emotional problems and these conditions can change body mass index, craving and even emotion regulation, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of attachment-based intervention in body mass index, emotion regulation and food-cravings obese adolescent girls.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study was all female students with obesity and referring to endocrinology and obesity centers in Sari in 2019. From the target population, 24 subjects were selected by available sampling method and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups according to the lottery. The research instruments included Body Mass Index (BMI), emotion regulation questionnaire of Gratz and Roemer (2004) and Food-Cravings questionnaire of Cepeda-Benito et al. (2000). The experimental group underwent attachment-based treatment in 10 sessions of 90 minutes for two months. From both experimental and control groups before the intervention; Pre-test, termination of intervention; Post-test and again two months after the intervention; Follow-up received. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square with SPSS 18 software.

The result of the mean index in the body mass index in the pre-test was 32.52, and the post-test was 30.94. , Follow-up is 30.11, inthe experimental group in food cravings in the pre-test were 119.91, the post-test was 103.41, and the follow-up was 102.91. In emotion regulation, the pre-test is 126.32, the post-test is 111.25, and the follow-up is 111.45. The results showed that Attachment-Based Intervention in variables; body mass index (p<0.001, F=27.344), craving food (p< 0.001, F=54.174) and regulating emotion (p< 0.001, F=69.668) has a significant effect. In general, there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group in the intervention process according to the control group (P <0.01). Also, the follow-up study showed the stability of the intervention.

The results of this study emphasize the importance of food attachment in obese people, which can provide practical implications for therapists to reduce food craving, emotion regulation and improve body mass in obese female adolescents.

Quality of life and aggression are variables that are important for adolescents with behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of family mode deactivation treatment, cognitive-behavior therapy, and acceptance-commitment therapy on quality of life of mothers and aggression of female adolescent with behavioral problems.

The research method was quasi-experimental, and research design was four groups with three stages: pre-test, post-test, and two months of follow-up. Among one hundred and twenty 14-18 years old mothers girl adolescent with behavioral problems in Isfahan, in the summer 2019, mothers 60 adolescent were selected based on criteria of entry and exit and then randomly assigned in four groups, each group with 15 adolescent. Quality of life questionnaire and Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable in the pretest, post-test and two months of follow-up. The family mode deactivation treatment, cognitive-behavior therapy and acceptance-commitment therapy groups received treatment in 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. . Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS software (version 24).

The results showed that family mode deactivation treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy showed a significant difference in quality of life of mothers and aggression of female adolescents with the control group (p<0.01). That is, it increased the quality of life of mothers and decreased aggression in female adolescents in all three groups, but there was no significant difference between the three treatment methods (p< 0.05).

Overall, the findings of this study revealed that family mode deactivation treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy are among the treatments that can improve the quality of life of mothers and reduce their aggression girls with behavioral problems. Therefore, it is recommended to use these treatments for girls with behavioral problems.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders, meaning an abnormal mental state that is often described as "loss of contact with reality." Recurrence of symptoms and frequent hospitalizations are characteristics of patients with these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of family psychoeducation education on the prevention of recurrence of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

The present study was a quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were hospitalized in Razi Psychiatric Center in the spring of 1398. The study sample included 30 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. Training sessions for the experimental group (patientschr('39') families) were held for 2 months (8 sessions). The research instrument was the scale of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and repeated measures analysis of variance

There was no significant difference between the research variables in the experimental and control groups in the pretest (P>0/05). The results of covariance analysis showed that holding family psychoeducation sessions on prevention of relapse symptoms (p < 0.001, F = 182.1), in preventing relapse of negative symptoms of Psychosis disorders (p <0.05, F = 5.24) and was effective in preventing relapse of positive symptoms of Psychosis disorders (p <0.001, F = 48.54).

The results of the study showed that family psychoeducation is effective in preventing the recurrence of symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition to common psychiatric treatments, it is recommended that family psychoeducation be used to prevent the recurrence of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Mindfulness is considered as a promoter of self-awareness thinking to improve anxiety and anxiety. Therefore, in order to identify the bio-psychological foundations and treatment of anxiety in women, in this study, the effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy on resilience. Life expectancy and anxiety in anxious women were examined.

This study was a quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test with a one-month control and follow-up group). The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women who referred to Karaj city counseling centers in 2019 due to anxiety or related problems, of which 30 were selected by available sampling method and randomly in Two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control subjects (15 subjects) were included. During eight 90-minute sessions, the experimental group was subjected to mindfulness-based therapy group 2 days a week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. Both before and after the intervention, and after a month of follow-up, both groups answered Spielbergerchr('39')s state-of-the-art anxiety questionnaires, Connor and Davidsonchr('39')s resilience, and Schneiderchr('39')s hope. To analyze the data, repeated measurement analysis of variance was used using SPSS software version 23.

There was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the intervention and control groups, so that mindfulness training reduced anxiety in the control group (p <0.01). The results also showed that mindfulness training increased resilience and life expectancy (p <0.01).

According to the obtained results, the use of group therapies such as mindfulness has positive effects on reducing anxiety and increasing the resilience and life expectancy of anxious women. Therefore, in different stages of treatment or after, it is possible to help reduce anxiety and increase the resilience and hope of anxious women by providing this type of training.

The aim of the present research compare effectiveness mind sport  training and acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and fear of self amonge people have body dismorphic in the Ahvaz city.

The researchchr('39')s plan was experimental of field experiment by pretest – posttest and control and follow-up groups. First, 100 people who referred to counseling centers in Ahwaz in the year 1398 were selected voluntarily. Then, 45 people who received the highest scores on body dysmorphic disorderchr('39')s Rabie & et al questionnaire (2011) were selected through purposive sampling as sample size and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 people experimenters 1,2 and control. Data collection tools were psychological distress Kessler & et al questionnaire (2002) and Fear of self Aguilara & et al questionnaire (2019). 

The results showed that in the posttest and two month follow-up stages, both mind sport  training and acceptance and commitment therapy were effective on reduce psychological distress and fear of self (p<0/05). Also, there was no difference between the effectiveness of two interventions on psychological distress and fear of self in the pretest and follow-up stages (p>0/05). 

Mind sport  training and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to reduce psychological distress and fear of self in body dismorphic disorder.