مجله کاربرد سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور در برنامه ریزی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 39، بهار 1399)

Identification is a mission to learn about the activities, resources, abilities and position of the enemy. Military targets detection can provide commanders with a variety of information on the status of activities, deployment of forces, military arrangement of targets, and many other information from a military area. In recent years, the advancement of remote sensing technology has made it possible to produce different images with high resolution Spectral and spatial. fusion of hyperspectral and high resolution imagery can help effectively identify, extract, and produce maps from the constituent elements of an environment. The purpose of this research is to target detection (military) using fusion of hyperspectral and high resolution imagery. For this reason the Hyperion, ALI and OrbView3 data was acquired. Firstly, Hyperion Data Preprocessing was used in terms of unused bands, bad straights, atmospheric correction and geometric correction. The image of Hyperion in a two-step process with panchromatic bands combined ALI and OrbView3 images using gram-schmidt, Pc Spectral, and IHS algorithms. The combined results showed that Gram schmidt had the best spectral and spatial performance. In the next research, the MNF conversion was used to reduce the image size and reduce the noise, and the PPI algorithm of the purest pixels was used to extract the spectral profile in a visual and precise manner compared with the reference spectra. In the following, algorithms, BANDMAX, spectral angle mapper and divergence spectral information were used to identify the targets. The results of the identification of the objectives showed that the BANDMAX method with a Overall accuracy of 89.25 and Kappa coefficient of 0.723 was better than the other two algorithms.

Today soil erosion is considered a danger to human and life. In areas where erosion is not controlled, soils gradually erode and lose their fertility, so it is necessary to study the issue of erosion. According to a study conducted in the Masouleh watershed, there are two types of erosion intensity called type 3 or moderate erosion with an area of ​​28.15 km2, type 4 or high erosion with an area of ​​13.79 km2. The predominant forms of erosion in the region include mechanical, surface erosion, furrows, waterways and deposits. According to this study, the average amount of erosion based on Mpsiac method in this field is 4.81 tons per hectare per year, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) is 74.3 and the average amount of sediment in this field is 3.85 tons per hectare per year. It indicates moderate erosion and sedimentation in the whole area and high in some sub-fields. To control erosion and reduce production sediment in this area, various programs include holding training courses for people in dealing with nature, implementing management programs (including applying grazing systems, balancing livestock and pastures, development and medicinal plants), and conducting biological operations ( It has been suggested for rangelanding in the form of sowing, sowing, mulching and planting in a non-productive way) and mechanical operations (including the construction of mortar stone dams, gabions, dry land, etc.) have been proposed.

Applying atmospheric corrections in order to reduce the attenuation effects of the atmosphere on the quality and accuracy of the recorded data, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and behavior of the atmosphere as the sensor passes through the target coordinates. Nowadays, many equipment's, models and algorithms are used to study the components of the atmosphere. For this reason, in this research, a native solar radiation system was designed and built to calculate the optical depth of air aerosol. In order to simulate and investigate the effects of changes in each atmospheric component, the MODTRAN model was used in PCModWin environment. In this electro-optical system, at two wavelengths of 450 and 550 nm, due to the absorption range of the air aerosol, in two different days in terms of the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere, intense data were recorded. In order to ensure the uniformity and linearity of the response of the designed electro-optical system to measure changes in the intensity of sunlight, radiometric calibration of this system was performed. Using atmospheric models, from the recorded intensity data, the optical depth of the weather and the horizontal atmospheric metrics were calculated. In order to verify and evaluate the performance of the designed system, optical depth data obtained from MODIS (Aqua) sensor and horizontal exponential data of Mehrabad Airport meteorological station were used. The results of the accuracy evaluation showed that the calculation of the optical depth by the system designed and the MODIS sensor (Aqua) both shows a number of 0.5 in the passing hour of the satellite. The results also show a good correlation between the horizontal visibility calculated in this study and the data obtained from the reference meteorological station.

by expanding the city of چهاردانگه in terms of size and population , delivery and distribution of urban services has become specialized and complex , which requires a strong and technical planning and access to information statistics that requires a strong information system that can be used as the most important tool in the hands of managers and executive decision makers . one of the most important discussions in city management is urban land management and land management . Having accurate , complete , and updating information will include location information (reference location) and descriptive information as well as analysis on any type of information concerning the plots of land and buildings . today , the Geographic Information Systems (GIS data system can be used as a new and powerful tool to serve urban managers in urban management and urban planning as a new and powerful tool . in this study , the benefits of using gis in real estate management have been tried and at the end some examples of different layers and data maps are extracted and presented . according to the study , we observed that use of geometrical and descriptive data can be implemented more accurately in different urban regions if use of geometrical and descriptive data .

Today, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a map and descriptive information of each property. Cadastral maps are maps that we must prepare or have a database to prepare and update. Databases on the one hand contain descriptive and spatial information of the reference land and on the other hand include techniques of collecting, updating, processing and distributing data. To manage databases, you must use a variety of spatial information systems. The cadastre provides a single and correct identity for each piece. Theoretical and practical advances in various technologies such as remote sensing satellite imagery and GIS in data collection management can improve quality, cost, efficiency and effectiveness. An appropriate technology should be selected for mapping and maintaining geometric cadastral information along with strategic goals. Advantages of using satellite images, time consuming and high workload of using aerial images in the production and updating of topographic maps, as well as issues related to flying over the border areas of the country, the need to study and study more on satellite images more than It enlightens us. In this research, first, a regular review of IKONOS satellite image potential measurement was performed in order to extract the information layers of cadastral maps (large-scale) and ground information systems. That is, to what extent does a satellite image have the capacity to extract information layers in terms of geometric and content accuracy? After that, we entered the extraction of agricultural boundaries from the satellite image, which is the most important complication in the agricultural real estate cadastre. Extraction of agricultural border is based on image edge extraction operations, visual identification and image classification. In evaluating the geometric accuracy of IKONOS image in theory, the result was that the geometric accuracy of this image is optimal for 1: 5000 maps. The evaluation of the geometric accuracy of the IKONOS image using Grade 3 two-dimensional polynomial equations is related to the selection of 95 control points and 5 check points with the desired value of RMSE = 0.56M for 1: 2000 maps and the best combination using rational equations with 95 Control point and 5 checkpoints in the use of 13 sentences with RMSE accuracy = 0.4M optimal 1: 1000 maps and the best combination using SPLine equations with 80 control points and 20 checkpoints RMSE accuracy = 2.6M optimal 1 maps : 5000. In terms of content, IKONOS image is suitable for viewing, recognizing and extracting the information layer of the border of agricultural properties in different areas of the image for preparing large-scale maps or agricultural real estate cadastre.

In order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In other words, the pattern of vegetation distribution is affected by many environmental factors. Today, business awareness and its health play an important role in soil and plant management. Also, the use of vegetation maps is one of the most important pillars in the production of information for regional planning. Therefore, using remote sensing knowledge and careful study of elements, it is possible to identify vegetation and its types and its distribution using satellite images. Therefore, in the present study, two supervised classification algorithms including Maximum likehood and Spactral angel mapper have been used to evaluate the vegetation cover and its distribution for Abyek region. The overall accuracy for the MLC and SAM algorithms is 91.86 and 68.85, respectively, and the MLC and SAM kapa ratios are 0.89 and 0.62, respectively. Therefore, the MLC algorithm was recognized as a more appropriate method for assessing and estimating the vegetation distribution of the Abyek region, and therefore the MLC algorithm has a higher accuracy than the SAM algorithm. It goes without saying that the correlation between vegetation and environmental factors is one of the most important issues affecting the formation of the structure of plant communities and their distribution in each region and study area, and the specific conditions of each region are different. Recognize and manage vegetation.