مجله علوم پیراپزشکی و بهداشت نظامی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 34، زمستان 1398)

Nowadays, the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria is a serious threat to the health of human societies. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of newly synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives based on fluorophenyl functional groups ;
moreover, it aimed to compare them with common antibacterial drugs.

In this study, single-step derivatives of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles were obtained from the single-stranded reaction of N-iso-syano-imino-3, phenyl-phosphorene, carboxylic acid derivatives and 2-pyridine-carbaldehid acid in the acetonitrile solvent. The antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized compounds by repeating once on Salmonella enterica PTCC1787 and Escherichia coli PTCC1552 was investigated by well diffusion for determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).

 The highest levels of growth inhibition were in the combination of 4i of 22 m.m for Salmonella enterica and 24 m.m for Escherichia coli, also, the inhibitory and lethal concentrations of compound 4i had more favorable results than other compounds.
Discussion and

 The synthesized compounds, in particular the compound having the functionality of d-fluorophenyl (4i), have antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. In addition to the antifungal activity of newly synthesized compounds, single-step synthesis is a fast and easy route for the synthesis of drug compounds ذwith more efficacy and dissipation. Furthermore, a clear vision can be presented for synthesizing and introducing new drug compounds into the medical community..

Trauma and its complications are major problems with the advancement of science, technology and the industrialization of societies. Moreover, according to WHO forecasts, accidents will be the second leading of death lonely in all over the world by 2020. Our country also in terms of statistics of the deadliest road accidents is located in the first place in the world. Therefore, the current study has been performed for epidemiological survey of trauma related to traffic accident in injured people referred to Shohada hospital in Ghaen.

This retrospective study was performed on all injured people who referred to Shohada hospital in Ghaen between the years of 2013-2015. Data were collected with a checklist from patients’ records and they were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software.

From 1555 injured people during the study time, 71.6% were male and 28.4% was female. The average age of research units was 29.3±18.17. Most of the occurred events were within the city and they were related to passenger cars. Traffic accidents were more frequent in summer morning. Discussion and

Traffic accidents are more common in men and youth. Therefore, planning, preventive measures and culture building in community should be performed to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents in this group

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an inpatient opportunistic pathogen that uses a variety of antibiotics, including beta-lactam, to treat infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance of blaIMP and blaVIM genes in P. aeruginosa strains, a producer of metallo beta lactamases isolated from clinical samples in hospitals and medical centers in Tabriz.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 isolates P. aeruginosa isolated from different clinical samples of patients referred to hospitals and medical centers in Tabriz, collected and after determining phenotypic identity and antibiogram testing, phenotype metallo beta lactamases by CDDT method using imipenem and EDTA/Imipenem disk was evaluated for the bacterium P. aeruginosa.

Out of a total of 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 87 samples resistant to imipenem were observed, of which 51 samples were produced by metallo beta lactamases. All metallo beta lactamases had 100% resistance to the antibiotic carbenicillin, meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, tobramycin, ceftazidime, amikacin, aztronam. Using the PCR method, it was found that out of 51 samples producing metallo beta lactamases, 12 samples contained blaIMP gene and no positive sample was observed for blaVIM gene.
Discussion and

The results show that most of the samples are drugresistant, although the blaIMP gene did not have a significant frequency, but the abundance of metallo beta lactamases indicates that more care should be taken in prescribing antibiotics for treatment to increase antibiotic-resistant strains.

Surgical technologists are prone to chronic fatigue because of their occupational nature. The aim of this study was to determine the severity and dimensions of fatigue and its related factors in surgical technologists.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The population of study consisted of 194 surgical technologists who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection was performed using the demographic and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS20 software and applying descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and t-test.

The total fatigue score in surgical technologists was 59.6±7.8. survey of fatigue dimensions in surgical technologists showed that general fatigue (14.4±2.1) and decreased activity (9.8±2.1) had the highest and lowest mean, respectively. Among demographic characteristics, work experience and body mass index had a positive and significant correlation with total fatigue score.  
Discussion and

According to the results of this study which indicates high level of fatigue in surgical technologists, it is recommended to pay more attention to the special features of operating room wards that may lead to fatigue in surgical technologists.

The effect of exercise training on delaying the onset of vastus medialis oblique muscle versus vastus latralis muscle is important in preventing pain in the military population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 16 weeks progressive exercise training on the delay in the activating vastus medialis oblique muscle into the vastus lateralis muscle during squatting and stepping down in the students of Imam Ali Military University.

The present resaerch is an experimental study. 100 students of Imam Ali Military University randomly divided into three control groups (n=37), progressive exercise training group (n=33) and progressive exercise training group + booster session (n=30). Then the training groups practiced for 16 weeks each week contain 3 sessions. Visual analog scale was used for electrical recording of muscle activity from the surface electromyographic device (sEMG) eight channels and assessing the intensity of pain from the visual scale of pain measurement (VAS).

The results of the present study indicated that the mean time delay in the operation of VMO muscle to VL muscle decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in the groups that performed progressive exercise training. Moreover, the results of visual analog scale (VAS) test after intervention compared to before, showed a decrease in students’ pain score (P≤0.05).
Discussion and

Advanced exercise, especially with a weekly booster session, reduced the time delay of VMO muscle activation and improved the temporal imbalance between internal and external wide muscle activity, which it could possibly be an indicator of reducing pain and infection in officer students Knee pain, especially PFPS.

Breast cancer is the most frequent women cancer in worldwide. Biological and epidemiological data suggest that induced damage by endogenous and exogenous factors affects the integrity and stability of DNA; moreover, it is associated with susceptibility of breast cancer. The XRCC3 gene is one of the most important and repaired genes that, by producing the XRCC3 protein, play a significant role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks and repairing them by recombination method. In other words the product of XRCC3 gene plays a key role in homologous recombination repaired of DNA double-strand breaks and it presents breast cancer with its function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between XRCC3 gene and breast cancer.                 

This review article has been performed by searching breast cancer, the XRCC3 gene, the double-stranded DNA repair, and the homologous recombination repair keywords in various data bases such as NCBI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.

Changes including mutations, deletions, displacements, duplication, and singlenucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes such as XRCC3 make a difference in the repair efficiency of DNA damage. Therefore, these damages can lead to breast cancer.                       
 Discussion and

Any change in the XRCC3 gene leads to disruption of the genome repair process; therefore, it plays an important role in the development, growth and progression of breast cancer. The XRCC3 gene can be used as a marker gene in personal medicine for the prevention and screening of breast cancer, as well as a therapeutic goal in the field of breast cancer.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of heart disease and death. The aim of this study is to review the genes involved in atherosclerosis.

The present review study was used with the help of Google and Google Scholar search engines and articles indexed in Pub Med scientific database. In this study cardio vascular Disease, Matrix Metalloproteinase, Atherosclerosis, Inflammatory heart, Aneurysm the keywords have been used to search among articles.

The genes that cause atherosclerosis are known as matrix metalloproteinase genes. At least eight types of matrix metalloproteinase genes have been identified that are on chromosome 11, including matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 and 20, which destroy the extracellular matrix and cause plaque in the arteries.

Matrix metallo proteinases play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Increasing, levels of metaloproteinase cause atherosclerosis, aneurysm, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Proper nutrition, nonsmoking, exercise, cholesterol control, blood pressure and stress will help prevent heart disease.

Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that multiplies in cell cytoplasm. The virus has two major glycoproteins called GP1 and GP2, which suppress the immune system. Lassa virus proliferation is rapid and impossible to control.

The present review article uses the scientific databases PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) site and Google search engine.

In 1969, a Christian nurse named Laura Wayne first contracted the disease in the Lassa area. The virus has a natural reservoir of rats that secrete the virus through their feces and urine, and humans become infected through contact with animal waste. Diagnostic tests for the virus are currently PCR and serological molecular methods.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the virus epidemic is dangerous, and achieving vaccine is a must to protect individuals against it. Currently, some research centers are developing vaccines to prevent the virus from progressing.