فصلنامه مطالعات تجربی حسابداری مالی
پیاپی 66 (تابستان 1399)

The ministry of economic affairs and finance with cooperation of supreme audit court, managers, and comptrollers has provided a new public finance bill to be introduced in Islamic parliament of Iran. The bill will be considered as the fifth public finance law since the advent of legislature in Iran if enacted by the parliament. Legislation of laws in Iran such as the mentioned law is usually based on trial and error method in which the previous law forms the basis of revision. Then, the redundant articles are deleted and the necessary new articles which are originated from the weaknesses of previous law are added. Whereas, the present author believes that the public finance law should result from the process of reviewing the same laws in developed countries, extracting the fundamental decrees and customizing them to obtain a proper pattern for preparing the new public finance bill. Since the author’s recommended methodology is not applied in preparing the draft of public finance bill, the author has used a comparative research methodology in this paper to compare key decrees of current public finance act and the new public finance bill. The results reveal the fact that on the one hand, the bill has some similarities and differences with the present act, but on the other hand, it has some capabilities and deficiencies.

In response to recent cases involving materially misstated financial information arising from fraudulent financial reporting, stakeholder of entities and standard and regulated authority have increase their focus on strengthening effective factors on manger's unethical behavior. In experimental analyses, factors influencing the incidence of fraudulent financial reporting were assessed. We examined the effects of Schwartz’s motivational values and accounting codes of ethics, on whether managers misrepresented financial reports. In this study, the selected sample of 319 financial manager and executives in Tehran Stock Exchange were asked to respond to hypothetical situations involving fraudulent reporting procedures and were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). The occurrence of fraudulent reporting was found to be high in managers with focus on individualism versus universal ism Schwartz’s motivational value. How ever, separately motivational values and accounting codes of ethics were tested and with interaction of two factors with each other played a significant role in fraudulent financial reporting.

The occurrence of bankruptcy in the world's monetary systems is highly sensitive, as the systemic risk consequences associated with this phenomenon can have very devastating effects on the monetary and financial system of countries and lead to severe political and security crises. Valuable laws and regulations have been developed to assess the status and performance of the bank and to warn of the crisis leading to bankruptcy in the world. The situation of some countries, including Iran, is different economically and in other respects. In this study, through interviews with banking experts and thematic analysis, the researchers identified 17 indicators with a high degree of impact on bankruptcy, that five of them are specific to the current conditions of the Iran’s banks. these indicators could be usefully in every suitable ranking model. the proposed quantitative model could be used in case study researches for future research to know the important problems of high high risk banks.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value relationship between good and bad news of management earnings forecasting with emphasis on impairment in management earnings forecasting. In this regard, to test the research hypotheses, data from 153 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2018 were used. The Results according to Generalized Least Squares method show that bad news earnings management predictions are more predictive than first and last earnings management forecasts. The results also show that good news Earnings management forecast First and last Earnings management forecast have higher disclosure noises in earnings forecasts. Finally, the results showed that, There is a significant difference between the stock price response to the last earnings forecasted and the deviations from good news and bad news management earnings forecasting, But there is no statistically significant difference between the stock price response to the first earnings forecasted and the deviations from good news and bad news earnings management forecasting.

Cash is considered as the most important internal source of any firm under its management’ control. The marginal value of cash is influenced by management ability. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between managerial ability and its impact on the marginal value of cash. In this regard, information of 176 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2012-2018 was studied. Managerial ability is measured according to the model of Demirjian et al. (2012). Also, Abnormal share returns and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to measure marginal value of cash. The main econometric methods of the research are multiple regression (with robust standard error, plus industry and year fixed effects) as well as a clustering method. The main results of the study show that the managerial ability has a significant positive association with marginal value of cash. In other words, marginal value of cash is higher for firms that hire capable managers, because they make better use of available financial resources, including cash, and greater returns for the firms.

This research intends to examine the role of the auditor's ethical decision making on disclosing financial and non-financial secrets and to present a model of auditor's decision making, with emphasis on the moderating role of perceived ethical severity. The tool used in the present research is a questionnaire and the statistical population of the study includes all persons of the member of the official accountants community of Iran in 2019. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used in this research. All calculations and statistical analyzes were performed by PLS software. The results of the research indicate that there is a positive relationship between ethical awareness and professional judgment and emotions. There is a positive relationship between feelings and professional judgment. Also, there is a positive relationship between professional judgments and disclosure of secrets, and the model of ethical decision making affecting disclosure of secrets, with an emphasis on analyzing the role of moderating the perceived ethical intensity of auditors was presented.

The accounting information system can play a significant role in helping to protect the environment from polluting manufacturing companies. How the company's spending on the environment is reflected in the accounts or how they are disclosed are issues that accounting can address to the management by providing them with appropriate information. However, despite the important role of environmental accounting, no comprehensive index has been provided so far; Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive model of the relative importance of environmental accounting indicators. The present study was performed using mixed research method in both qualitative and quantitative sections. The statistical population of the research is in the qualitative part, the faculty members of the universities and in the quantitative part, 194 people are managers, experts and knowledgeable people in the field of environmental accounting. For the analysis of qualitative data, the method of the data theory of the foundation has been used and in a small part, structural equations have been used. The findings of the qualitative section showed that the six main categories of senior management commitment, strategy, uncertainty, social legitimacy, environmental monitoring and control and accounting information system have been identified as dimensions of the model. Finally, in the quantitative part of the model, the effect coefficient of change factors on the results showed the confirmation of the relationship and from the results of the fitness index, the value of fitness index was 0.943, which indicates the fit and strong utility of model.