نشریه مطالعات زبان و ادبیات غنایی
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1399)

Lyrical poetry literally means singing, hymn and melody, and the term refers to a poem that expresses the personal feelings and emotions of the poet. In this definition, the poet's birth and environment and his feelings towards it and its manifestations are also included. Jahrom has been called the "palm forest" in the past that it has been a sign of the mass of palm trees in the city. Palm also plays an important role in people's traditions, customs, beliefs and folk beliefs and it has made this tree and its related matters widely present in the oral and folk lyrical literature of Jahrom and there are also metonymy, proverbs till poems, folk songs and folk and rhythmic short story about this tree in Jahrom. In this way, palms and dates are important manifestations of Jahrom folk lyrical poetry and its analysis helps to know the mental and psychological backgrounds of the people of this city. The most important contexts of the presence of this tree in the local and lyrical literature of Jahrom are in the nostalgic contexts and the expression of separation and sorrow and the situation of the lover and the beloved. This article with field and library reviews with descriptive and analytical study of the plase and importance of this tree in the oral lyrical literature of the people of Jahrom and has provided various examples of it.

Love is the motive of the universe and the foundation and basis of creation, while being present in all the particles of the universe, through which all creatures are moving towards God. Love has different forms, manifesting in the universe in two ways: real and virtual. True love is just for God, and sufficient for Him who is the origin of all manifestations of the universe, and virtual love is for what is non-God, i.e., love for manifestations of existence and the universe. In the works of Nizami and Rumi, love is a key element that should be given certain attention. This study is aimed at explaining true love in Khamsa of Nizami and Masnavi of Rumi and to do so, content analysis method has been used to investigate the types of love, the difference between true and virtual love, as well as the relationship between virtual love and true love. Based on the results, there are some commonalities between the attributes considered by these two poets for love. The importance of this research is that it expresses the viewpoints of these two valuable lecturers (poets) on love and shows that both Rumi and Nizami believe in love as a current and sublime truth in the universe and the unity factor of the universe. They believe that the true love belongs to God and that virtual love is a means of reaching true love.

Psychoanalytic criticism is a new branch of interdisciplinary criticisms. In this criticism, the researcher or critic tries to explore the hidden angles, behavioral conflicts, and psychological symptoms of the characters in a literary work to prepare the text’s characters for analysis. The German psychoanalyst, Karen Horney divides the phenomenon of love into three natural, psychotic and spontaneous types, distinguishing between the nature of incontinence and spontaneity. Horney criticizes psychotic need for love in Freud’s libidinal theory. Horney believes that the core of this need consists of a fundamental anxiety, the anxiety that arouses feelings of despair and loneliness in a hostile world. The anxiety is fundamentally manifested in various ways, and the neurotic tries to escape his feelings. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach from a psychoanalytic perspective, this article attempts to explain the distinction between the subject of healthy love and affection seeking in accordance with Karen Horney’s theory in the protagonist of the novel. What is reflected in reading of Masoumeh’s character in the novel “My Share” is that her love for those around her is not a healthy love, but a psychotic love, derived from her affection seeking need.

One of the contemporary poets in Iran is Parvin-Etasami. Her poems are known for discussing and confronting the language and attitudes of female literature (female). Her thoughts of illness have entered the world of nature, but not for pleasure or comfort, but for the important conclusion that whispers of the components of nature, especially plants, reflect the "short life of humankind. In this article, the descriptive analytical method of all narrative poems in which the poet uses the sign of a rose is studied, in order to analyze the type of poet's view of his position as a woman in Persian literature. The result of this study indicates that the role of different roles in these samples is characteristic and in the Parvin poems collection generally reflects a specific type of female realism in Persian lyrical literature, which, unlike the norms Tradition is the richness and mythology of Iranian folk and is one of the first signs of modernism. In other words, in this particular view, the position of "woman" as "beloved" is not related to love and beauty and holiness, but rather to its material nature in the community of "unstable youth".

We must look for the root of an important part of the lyrical literature of the Middle East in the heavenly books of the Old Testament and the New Testament. From the point of view of these books, God and love are equal and love has spread in every part of the universe. In the early Islamic texts, love has existed in a balanced way as a two-way relationship between God and the servant. But the experience of love with such concentration which is initiated by God is taken from the Bible. It seems that by translating Greek texts into Arabic, He entered Arabic texts and consequently Persian. Ibn Arabi is one of the most influential Greek thinkers. It seems that his love is influenced by the ideas of ancient Greece. After the sixth century, the experience of love goes beyond even the Torah and the Bible in concentration and in Rumi's words, it turns into dangerous love. Ibn Arabi's influence does not mean he is fascinated and affectionate, rather, it is only to consider these ideas along with hundreds of other ideas. What is presented in this article has nothing to do with Asin Palacios's view of Ibn Arabi.

Structuralism is one of the most important literary theories that investigates and analyzes the general structure in significant systems like language, literature, myth and etc. The structural analysis of story and narrations is among the most beautiful literary analyses in contemporary literary criticism.  The artistic beauty of Dehlavi's poetry in Shirin and Khosrow is widely acknowledged. The elements and story analyses of this lyrical fiction show us many aesthetic aspects of this epic. From constructionist perspective, the text itself and the relationships within it are considered as important and notable parameters in the study of literary work. Shirin and Khosrow is the kind of narrative work in which many modern story elements can be found. The art of fiction, language abilities, narrative techniques and Amir-khosrow Dehlavi’s unique strength in painting word pictures gave it such power to be analyzed from various aspects. In this study, the narrative forms of Shirin and Khosrow from the perspective of Todorov is investigated.