فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

This study aims to identify the space of scientific community of the humanities in Iran. Using a qualitative approach, the research findings were divided and Extracted based on communicative and normative dimensions of the scientific community. The notions such as "incoherent and unstable", "Weakness of actors", "dominance of politics over science", and "special relationship between power and legitimacy" are among the prominent characteristics of communicative system of scientific community in the humanities of Iran. The "weakness of criticism", " incomplete socialization", "disproportionate allocation of resources", "avoiding to take the responsibility of professional roles" are also considered as the prominent characteristics of normative system of scientific community in the humanities of Iran. These notions in combination or interaction with each other have concealed the potential of the scientific community in the humanities of Iran both in developing the up-to-date and applied knowledge, and it has also hindered the impact of knowledge on society.

The bureaucratic system of Iran, dating back at least two and a half thousand years, inherits elements and characteristics that have undergone many metamorphoses and changes throughout their history, and many of these elements of the New Jubilee have been significantly influenced by factors and factors. The political, social, cultural and economic developments and processes have been of their time (in every historical period). This article aims to identify the features and changes of the Iranian bureaucratic system from the beginning to the end of antiquity (first phase of research), by using a qualitative structuralism method, to examine and explain the factors borrowing and deterring the bureaucratic institution in political, social, economic and cultural dimensions. The first organized administrative structure that can be used to explain the concept of bureaucracy has its roots in the Achaemenid dynasty, and especially in the reign of Darius I. Then during the Seleucid and Parthian period, the same method continued in the affairs of the state. Bureaucracy in the Sassanid era attains wider size and dimensions, becoming a dominant system of control and administration of the Imperial Territory, and finds coherent and normative formulation. The Patrimonial system, at the beginning of the Medieval period, had the particular role in the early formation of the bureaucratic institution in Iran; Find out. In the Achaemenid and Sassanid periods, the structural expansion and institutional power of Iranian bureaucracy increased to such an extent that it became a global model of the day.

Environmental problems in Iran are some of the hyper challenges these days and leakage of water has become a crisis. Under such circumstances, water consumption is one the most important significant problems which is effected by different elements. Therefore, this study is accomplished aimed to study Social factors associated with water use water consumption among women in Isfahan city. By the aspects of time and method, this study is segmental and mensurational, respectively. The method of collecting data is researcher-written survey which is efficiently valued and dynamic and its content and dynamic validity is computed by Kronbach α  Statistical society includes 19-to-64-year-old women in Isfahan and sampling method is multi-stage clustered. 385 surveys have distributed randomly and collected data is analyzed by SPSS software. According to results, women's water consumption has a significant relationship with types of life style (Social life style, health-oriented life style, positive thinking style, purposeful and meaningful life style, nature- love  life style), cultural capital, mass media, religiosity and attitude toward water consumption. Based on the results of regression, the use of mass communication tools explains 30% of the variation of the dependent variable. In the second phase, the emotional attitude to water consumption increases the explanation rate by 40%, and finally, the extent of explaining the dependent variable with the entry of the variable of the lifestyle of the nature friend to 43%. As a result, only three main variables explain the dependent variable.

Schools of Future are an important education system concern, indicating unstable situation in current schools. Despite criticism of the current system, especially school culture, there is no picture of the school ahead. For the same purpose, this research find to develop a school of future model using the Grounded Theory Method. The research method is qualitative-inductive and the GTM's Strauss-Corbin has been used. Semi-structured interview data collection tools that were analyzed and analyzed by three methods of open, axial and selective coding. Participants of the subject matter experts in the field of education were eligible to enter the interview, which reached the level of data saturation through theoretical sampling of up to 14 people. Outcomes with 22 general categories in the form of paradigmatic model including causal conditions (development and acceptance of technology, participatory policies, capital development, institutional tactics of future thinking), phenomenon (school of future creation), contextual conditions (learning policies, social capital, cultural and artistic sensitivity) intervening Conditions (Demonstration Discourse, Conflict of Power Institutions, Differences Management, Resource Dependence) Strategies (Development of Creative Discourse, Revival of School Mission, Acceptance of Multiculturalism, Environmental Reorientation, Educational Reconsideration) and Consequences (Transparency of Performance, Enthusiasm of Learning, Externalization, Development of knowledge-base). The results of this study will be useful for recognizing the weakness of current schools and paving the way for school of future.

In order to be able to build a prosperous, free and happy Iran, we need to have a completely correct and realistic understanding of our past. For this purpose, in addition to using the sources provided by historians and sociologists, it is necessary to use other sources, such as literary and artistic texts. Such texts seem to be one of the best and most reliable sources for understanding the Iranian society; Because these resources are often not customized. Moreover, literary and artistic masterpieces typically arise in a state of unconsciousness, in which the poet or writer frees himself from the domination of masks and hypocrisy and becomes the unconscious spokesman of himself and his people; For this reason, artistic and literary texts seem to have valuable sociological implications and can modify or supplement the findings of historians and sociologists. Undoubtedly, Hafez's Divan is one of the texts that are in the peak of our country's literary heritage. Apart from its direct references to our cultural and social elements, Hafez's Divan is also structurally a mirror of Iran. In this article, by examining three important issues, namely 1) the structure of Hafez's poetry, 2) Hafez's language, and 3) cultural schism, it becomes clear that Hafez's divan is a clear mirror in which the image of Iran and Iranians can be clearly seen and believed. Hafez's study actually means the study of Iran.

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad as a realist novelist in his works sought to reflect the events and social and cultural issues in Iranian society. Like his other works, the School Principal is a reflection of the failure of the experience of modernity in Iran. In fact, the narrated story of the school by Jalal is an expression of the Iranian community, which has experienced the simultaneous presence of traditional values and beliefs and modern releases in opposition to each other. The present study seeks to investigate and discover the evidences of modernization in the School Principal novel of Jalal-al-Ahmad with the approach of social semiotics. The results of the research, based on the twelve steps of the social semiotics approach to Theo van Leeuwen, showed that the Iranian society, regardless of the traditional beliefs and values, has renovated and entered modern elements in the field of education and other areas of social life, and in spite of material costs And a remarkable human being, in practice, the process of Iranian modernization has survived.Although the author does not offer a particular alternative to this situation, the evolution does not seem to be unattainable.

The following article, focuses on the history of personal life (first decade of my life) and the path taken by generations before me.  The main question is "Why I have not become a good speaker?" "Public speaking skills and abilities" in both personal and extra-personal context; Historical and social, psychological, cultural and political developments take shape.   By the ethnographic method in this study, personal history and its relationship with speech skills have been investigated. Speech skills in the individual are formed in the heart of two histories; the general history that continues from eternity which is the macro history and the other is the history of one's personal life. Personal history refers to the history of a person's life and her (his) presence in this world, which the speaker has in his personal memory. Macro history and personal history as to why my public speaking situation could not be analyzed without each other. The combination of the two, as well as the situation that each imposes on the individual in some way, is effective in how one develops one's eloquence.