نشریه مطالعات آموزش بین المللی زبان فارسی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The present article reviews the research conducted in the field of spelling errors in Persian and English languages. This study seeks to answer the questions of what first caused the spelling errors in these studies. Secondly, what is the most important cause of error in this research? In this regard, first the researches in the field of spelling problems in Persian and English were reviewed and then the studies related to the issue of line depth and its effect on the creation of spelling errors in the form of character substitution were examined. The findings of this study indicate that research in this field in Persian language is divided into two categories: linguistic description of errors and the study of Persian calligraphy problems in the form of spelling errors. In English, these researches have progressed to the study of spelling problems in the form of mathematical models and statistical works, and in recent research, their scope has expanded to study the effect of line depth and its close relationship not only with spelling problems, but also reading problems. In this regard, most spelling errors reported from various studies have been at the character substitution level and in relation to line depth.

Literature is the most important part of classical culture and one of the most important national elements of the country's culture, which has always been a tool for transmitting Iranian culture and civilization. This tool can also be used systematically to succeed in language teaching. In this research, first, a brief look at the two basic methods of language teaching, namely combined and analytical methods, and the methods obtained from these two approaches are introduced. Research shows that the use of systematic orthographic linguistics, which is a semantic perspective that emphasizes cultural interactions in addition to language, is a good way to teach language. In the following, the benefits of using a literary text in language teaching and the obstacles in this way are examined. This study examines the benefits of using literature in language teaching and finds that literature in language teaching is a good opportunity for language awareness. Other benefits of using literary texts include better use of vocabulary and increased reading speed, impact on learners 'interaction with the text, and increase learners' speech due to the interdisciplinary value of literature. The conclusion is that the inclusion of literature in language teaching is an advantage in learning; Because it improves the competence of language learners in all language skills.

The method of presenting the content plays an important role in the success of the educational system. Achieving the desired result in the shortest time, at the best cost and in the best way are usually the three logical indicators of language schools for language teaching. The use of advanced educational methods in the world is one of the important points that can accelerate any educational process in time and quality; Of course, this requires the compilation of educational texts and contents in accordance with the executive structure of these methods. In this article, we intend to study the educational method of the fourth book of the Islamic Language and Education Center of the Mostafa Society (PBUH) of Qom and its adaptation to old and new methods. Studies show that the content of the teaching method of this book, in terms of methodological principles, is not compatible with advanced teaching methods that have a communication approach and is mostly written and taught based on the principles and techniques of older methods such as translation instruction. In teaching according to this method, a percentage of the result leads to the strengthening of reading skills and no significant improvement is seen in the other three skills. Of course, reinforcement in the other three skills is mostly done through the presence of the learner in the environment as well as daily practice in oral classes, but in any case, this shortcoming is compensated by content other than the textbook and does not compensate for the textbook deficiency.

Sometimes language uses words and sentences in such a way that they escape from the real world around them. This is a function of a process called "linguistic surrealism." In Persian, there are sentences, words and expressions that are meaningful in the form of nouns, verbs, adverbs, and we, in exchange for it, only in the cultural context of the first language. Teaching this to non-Persian speakers is associated with difficulties, and this difficulty becomes more pronounced in the teaching of words or phrases that are done through the process of magnification (exaggeration) or minimization (reduction); Because it is not possible to teach it without considering the cultural and linguistic infrastructure of the source language for the learner. This article, in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library data and based on new linguistic researches, proposes theoretical bases and educational strategies for teaching this type of sentences in Persian learning programs for non-Persian speakers. The results show that the learner at all levels can easily communicate with the cultural context of the source language with the help of the film, and by selecting the appropriate film can easily communicate with the spoken context - the conversations of surreal words and the appropriate use of this situation. Understand words well in different situations or different genders and ages

Writing is a productive skill that has serious difficulties and challenges. An important research question is how can language learners learn writing skills from the beginning? Some schools have not paid attention to writing at the basic level of language learners, but have banned them from writing and introduced other teaching skills. Another challenge in writing skills is that no writing plan is provided at these levels and there is no activity or skill to acquire basic writing skills in the curriculum and sometimes it ends up just giving the subject and requesting an essay and the teacher is the only role. The evaluator plays the text. Another challenge of writing is the lack of texts that fit the basic level (from simple to difficult), which confuses writing teachers in the teaching process. One of the ways to strengthen writing at this level is to pay attention to the needs of language learners during and after language learning; To this end, the process-oriented class will help language learners to meet their real needs by teaching them the necessary skills. In this article, using the task-oriented method, we have explained a plan for the writing process, which at the basic level includes training, practice and homework, product production workshop, evaluation and instruction.

Education in general is an important issue in today's world and all countries of the world are looking for scientific methods for quality and useful education. One of the most important teachings in today's society is language teaching. Countries of the world seek to communicate with each other and Iran is not excluded from this category and due to special strategic conditions and outstanding cultural, literary, scientific and tourism features has been considered by other societies and every year many people seek to learn the language. Persian are better and more effective for communication. This makes language teaching to non-Persian speakers more important and prominent, and researchers are looking for better ways to teach this language. There are two traditional and modern methods in teaching the alphabet (Phoenix); The present study seeks to introduce a new method (Phoenix method) for teaching Persian alphabet to non-Persian speakers. Phoenix method) will be more useful for teaching Persian alphabet to non-Persian speakers than the traditional method. The traditional method of teaching the alphabet has been difficult and ineffective even for Persian speakers, and the feedback on the use of the new method of the first elementary Persian book indicates the better effectiveness of this method.