مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 93، بهار 1399)

According to the available evidence, the suicide rate, especially among young people, has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, it seems necessary to take preventive approaches. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two training methods of resilience skills and positive thinking in reducing suicidal ideation in male students of university.

In this semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group, 33 male students of Farhangian University in 2018 were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 11 people (two experimental groups and one control). The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) was used to collect data. The educational intervention for the first experimental group included the training of resilience skills and for the second experimental group included the training of positive thinking skills. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), one-way analysis of covariance and post hoc test.

In post-test, the mean scores of suicidal ideation and its subscales in both experimental groups were significantly different from the control group (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups of resilience skills and positive thinking skills in terms of mean scores of suicidal ideation (p=0.01) and subscales of suicidal tendency (p=0.001) and suicide preparation (p=0.001), but these two groups were not significantly different in terms of subscale of actual suicidal tendency (p=0.06).

Resilience skills training is more effective in reducing studentschr('39') suicidal ideation than positive thinking training.

Victims of violence suffer from psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and inability to solve problems. The aim of this study was to compare the tendency to addiction and suicide in physically and sexually abused women referred to forensic medicine centers of Fars province with non-abused women.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 105 women who were referred to forensic medicine centers in Fars province from October 2017 to June 2018 with complaints of physical (60 people) and sexual abuse (45 people) were selected by purposive sampling method. Also 60 women were selected in various gathering centers such as sports clubs and cultural centers in Shiraz by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through the Nazari’s Addiction and Drug Attitude Questionnaire and the Orbach’s Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for adolescents (MAST), and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test.

The mean scores of addiction tendency in women of the physically abused group was significantly higher than women of the normal group. There was a significant difference between the physically and sexually abused groups and the normal group in terms of life attraction, non-acceptance of life and death attraction. Also there was a significant difference in the component of non-acceptance of death between the physically abused group and the normal group (p<0.05).

Physically and sexually abused women are more prone to suicide and addiction than non-abused women.

Intentional homicide is one of the most violent crimes against humanity. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic, psychological factors and motives for murder in intentional homicide prisoners referred to Khorasan Razavi province forensic medicine organization.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on intentional homicide prisoners referred to Khorasan Razavi province forensic medicine organization during 2018-2020, that among them 105 people participated in the study by available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with an interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive statistics methods and Chi-square test.

Most of intentional homicide prisoners were men, married, aged 21-30 years, with the educational level of cycle, self-employed, and the middle child of the family and born and lived in the city of Mashhad. Most of the motives for the killings were related to the killings that followed the fight and revenge. The most commonly used means of murder were sharp objects that hit the chest. Most of the murders took place in public places and the victims were mostly friends. The most common way to remove a corpse was to burn it. There was a significant relationship between gender, age category, marital status and birth rank with committing murder (p<0.001).

Mental health officials must take steps to prevent homicide by addressing material and spiritual deficiencies, training life skills, and dealing effectively with problems.

Inhibition, which is defined as onechr('39')s ability to monitor and control responses, is one of the most important executive actions that become defective after a traumatic brain injury. Due to the direct effect of this ability on peoplechr('39')s quality of life, the purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive and behavioral inhibition in patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) one year after their injury with healthy individuals.

In this descriptive causal-comparative study, which was conducted from February 2017 to October 2018, 48 male patients with MTBI in the age range of 30 to 55 years old who were hospitalized in the ICU of Shohadaye Haftome Tir Hospital in Shahr-e-Rey and in the Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran during the past year as a test group and 64 healthy men with a similar age range as a control group were selected by convenience sampling method. Both groups were evaluated by stroop test and collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using multivariable analyze of variance.

The mean scores of congruent reaction time, incongruent reaction time and congruent error number (p<0.05), and incongruent error number, score of interference and error responses sum (p<0.01) in patient with MTBI was significantly higher than healthy people.

MTBI after one year can disrupt the function of the frontal lobe of the brain and affect the executive functions under the command of this area, especially on the cognitive and behavioral inhibition of patients.

In Imami jurisprudence and the Islamic Penal Code, the recovery of some injuries has been considered to reduce a part of their atonement. However, it is not clear how long the realization of recovery can have such an effect on the amount of atonement. Lack of determination of specific time for this, the passage of one year from the crime, and passage of usual time are the three paradigms that can be considered in this regard. However, it seems that all the above three paradigms have some drawbacks that make it necessary to present a solid and based view of the principles of Imami jurisprudence and the judicial system of the country. In this study, the main texts of Imami jurisprudence were investigated by descriptive and analytical approach.

In determining the permissible time range for recovery instead of emphasizing and focusing on the need to determine a specific period for recovery, it should be decided by focusing on the expert opinion on the realization or non-realization of recovery and also the time of its realization. This view, in addition to being more efficient and effective in the current Iranian judicial system, is more stable according to some jurisprudential propositions. Accordingly, in this study, by separating the three modes of "non-diagnosis of recovery", "diagnosis of non-recovery" and "diagnosis of recovery", the special sentence of each of these cases is expressed independently and in detail by focusing on the Legal Medicine Organization.

In French law, medical error proceeding has undergone many developments, and at present in this country a comprehensive medical compensation system is designed to address both patient rights and physician concerns about the costs of compensation. Contrary to traditional French law and the general classification of medical services in a public or private hospital, a new legal regime has been adopted since 2002 by accepting any fault for medical malpractice, regardless of whether the service provider was public or private, and an evolution in the concept of fault for medical liability was created in this country. In this development, new and varied methods of compensation in the event of a medical malpractice start from the friendly process of reconciliation between the parties through the Conciliation and compensation committees for medical accidents and continue until payment is made by the Guarantee Fund of The National Medical Accident Compensation Office. The legal and criminal responsibility of the physician has also been strengthened in the French legal system, and even the decisions of the last highest medical authority, the National Council of the College of Physicians, have been overseen by the French State Council.

Examination of French law on medical error and its remedies can be useful for the health system of Iran and many countries and can fix many problems.

Medical error is a common problem in societies, and medical error cases make up many criminal and legal cases. To reduce these errors and increase patient safety, strategies for identifying and managing errors have been adopted, one of which is the transparency and reporting of medical errors. This study aimed to investigate the necessity of disclosure of medical errors and its principles and obstacles.

According to the principle of non-maleficence, autonomy, beneficence, and justice, which are the basic principles of medical ethics, healthcare providers are obliged to report errors to the patient or his/her guardian. However, disclosure of medical errors by the healthcare provider is a rare occurrence, and the fear of prosecution, the fear of losing the respect between colleagues, the lack of recognition among them, etc. are obstacles to the disclosure of medical errors. Creating a right culture and environment for the healthcare provider to be able to disclose medical errors without fear or blame and establishing a system of mandatory reporting on medical errors to have a civil or criminal guarantee for non- disclosure can be an essential step in ensuring the patientchr('39')s rights and safety, improving the performance of health care organizations, and reducing medical errors.

Compensation of patients in case of injury in the treatment process is one of the most critical issues in medical law. Besides compensating some problems, some systems have helped to improve the performance of medical staff, prevent from providing inadequate health care and harm to patients, and ensure the safety of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient compensation systems, which was done by the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in the form of a library.

The tort liability system, enterprise liability system, and the no-fault liability system are the most common physician legal liability systems globally. The tort liability system that is currently prevalent in Iran and many other countries has not successfully achieved the goals of compensation and deterrence for reasons such as lengthy litigation, difficulty in proving medical fault, and incomplete compensation for the patient.If the doctor is not at fault in the treatment process, but the patient suffers the damage caused by medical procedures, according to the rule of “la-zarar” in Islamic jurisprudence, the No-fault system can be implemented, and the patient can be guaranteed and compensated. In this regard, medical law, such as labor and family law, can enact laws to protect the patients; because one of the examples of supporting a patient is compensating for the damage done to him if the doctor is not at fault.