فصلنامه جغرافیا
پیاپی 64 (بهار 1399)

Geotourism is a combination of the term Earth and Tourism, and it is said to be Turismian, which has geological, morphological and cultural attractions. The correct and optimal use of these attractions in different regions requires recognition from different aspects. The purpose of this research is to assess the power of regional geotourism and compare the regions together. The study area of this research is the geotouristic areas of Kalahrood and Alaviyeh Caves, Safafa and Kaleghazi Mountains, Egyptian Deserts, Varzaneh and Matinabad, as well as Semirom, Nash and Shahlolak Falls of Isfahan Province. The present study is an exploratory and applied research, descriptive-analytic, which was evaluated using braille model of studied regions. Selection of places was carried out by four factors of reputation, integrity, geology, security, accessibility and beauty. After studying and identifying the geomorphologic features of geomorphocytes using library studies and using field surveys in the studied areas by the authors Is. This method is measured on four main indicators of scientific value, potential educational applications, potential tourist usage and risk of collapse. The findings of this research indicate that the Metinabad and Semirom waterfall and the Safav mountains and Ghazi hills have the highest scores in tourism values and fall into the first cluster. The educational values of Varzaneh and Matin Abad deserts and the Semirom waterfall and the Sufeh Mountains are located in the first cluster. The Egyptian and Matinabad mountains and Kalah Ghazi deserts have high scientific values among the studied geosciences, as well as the Varzaneh desert, the Semirum and Cheshmeh Naz and Shahlulak waterfalls also have the highest scores. The first cluster is the danger of collapse.

Rural tourism is also considered as a part of tourism that is located in a peripheral economy that not only does not promote rural and local areas, but also creates environmental and social imbalances in these areas, resulting in very little benefit; and, as a result, this economic activity (Rural Tourism) creates very little benefit for the villagers, and the major benefits and costs return to the mother cities and large cities of the Third World, and ultimately to transnational corporations (Holland et all, 2003). In this regard, paying attention to planning (specially space planning) becomes necessary. This kind of planning should particularly be considered as an effective approach to the issue of tourism space organization. On the basis, the present study looks for the space administration of tourism destination in the rural areas of Mohammad Abad-Zarrin Gol area (the city of Ali Abad Katoul) as one of the tourism destinations. The methodology of the study is quantitative and its method is descriptive, and the data have been collected through a documentary and field manner. The statistical population included 20 rural tourism destinations in Mohammad Abad-Zarrin Gol area in Ali Abad Katoul city. It has been used the AHP method for rating factors, the Prometheus method for final score and ranking the destinations, and cluster analysis method for leveling the tourism destinations; as well, to determine the functional area of rural tourism destinations, GIs point of deflection in the sofware environment has been applied. The results of the study showed that the disproportion in the distribution of rural tourism destinations in the intended area of the study is one of the important challenges of the space administration of tourism development of this area.

The main purpose of the present study is the approximate importance of effective standards in reconstruction and renewal of obsolete context in district one of Isfahan city. Four main factors including skeletal_ accessibility, economic, environmental, social and accessibility have been researched through 41 sub-branches. Regarding the nature of the topic and the aim of the study, the method of the research was functional- developmental and the type of the research was descriptional-analytical. In order for the collection of data, documentation-library studies (note taking, charts and diagrams, photo and maps) were implemented. The main tool for gathering information was questionnaire, but other methods such as observation, interview, statistical information were also utilized. The statistical population in this research was eleven neighborhoods of district one in the city of Isfahan. The collected data were analyzed through factor analysis test, SWOT technique and GIS software. The results of factor analysis test (KMO) showed that internal integration was appropriate in the data except for environmental index. The significance of the test in all of the indices was less than 0/01 and the level of certainty was higher than 99. Therefore, factor analysis is suitable for determining the structure of the model.
The results of SWOT model indicated that the averages of offensive strategy, variety strategy, revision strategy and defensive strategy were respectively 3/42, 3/55, 3/08, 3/21. The dominant strategy was variety strategy in this study.

Rapid growth of urbanization and increase of population in the recent decades along reactive planning (in sense of urban planning after occurrence of crises and urban challenges, not before occurrence of crises) of urban districts and metropolitan in order to serve desirable services to citizens and the peoples going to cities and extent them, has encountered a problem. In this research , by using the multi criteria techniques and analytic hierarchy process of geo – environmental evaluation for urban land planning with use of geographical information system of zone of 22 has been used .according to this research, effective criteria of land suitability of land planning is divided in to 9 criteria , slop, height , geology , land use , land unit , distance from river, distance from fault , distance from road .the 5 main land uses are high rise building , multistory building , low rise building natural conservation, recreate . the results show that the results show that 19.3 percent area of zone is suitable for high rise building, and 15.28 percent suitable for low rise building. the spatial distribution is of these zones is from north to south and southeast. Suitable area for natural conservation is about 17.6 percent, and 23.33 percent area appropriated for recreation. The conformity of existing building with the suitability maps for the 5 main land uses shows that there are some areas of conformity, but in the other areas, there is unconformity.

The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize dust storm sources in Fars province. The data collection tool in this study is two types of questionnaires including AHP and SWOT. Using AHP method, the questionnaires were extracted and weighted by 20 professors and experts. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Fars Province in the field of dust storm resources were prepared by SWOT questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale. Finally, it was used to determine the appropriate strategy in the area of dust storm sources. The SWOT questionnaire was completed by thirty experts and professors proficient in the province. Nine factors including Human Penetration Index, Early Crop Changes, Precipitation Efficiency Coefficient, Human Indicators of Soil Degradation (Human Indices), Frequency of Dust Storms, Soil Physical Properties, Precipitation, Drought and Temperature (Natural Indicators) were investigated. The results of the study showed that 31.3% of the province's area was in a very high class and 19.48% of the province's area was in a high class for being prone to dust. Internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) in Fars province were compared in pairs. The relative weight of weaknesses is 0.223 and the relative weight of strengths is 0.763. The final score of internal factors for the province is 3.296. External factors are also compared in pairs. The relative weight of threats is 0.345 and the relative weight of opportunities is 0.655. The final score of external factors was 3.152.

The karst transformation process is a complex process influenced by various variables. Understanding the factors contributing to the development and zoning of karst evolution has a special place in the studies of karst land management and resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and zoning of karst development potential in Kalat mountain basin in Khorasan Razavi province using AHP method. In this study, using hierarchical analysis, lithology information layers, slope distance, slope direction, elevation, distance from stream, distance from fault and land use were considered as operating maps. Also, in order to extract the karst development potential model, the above layers were invoked in GIS environment. The different layers of information were classified as benchmarks by expert judgment and field visits. Finally, according to the obtained weight, karst development zoning map was obtained. The results showed that out of the total area of Kalat basin, 19.04% were in the less developed class, 24.57% in the under developed class, 42.88% in the middle class and 14.38% in the developed class. The lithology factor of the region with the highest value of 0.53 was the most important factor controlling karst development potential in the study area. It is dedicated. The results show that geological factors ، altitude ، topography and distance from the waterway respectively have the most important role in the current karst development in this region.

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our country. The main charictristics of this attitude is being humanist and bolding human roles in our modern-lif cities just as it was noticible before. The purpose of this study is to study conperhensive development, distressed area, pedestrian Attitude of new urbanism in the city of Maraghe. In this context with utilizing the methods of descriptive, analyctice and field study we try to study existing subject and also we have made use of Holdren and shanon antropy methods.the level of antropy in the year 1390 was 1.84 and Ln n = 1.94, and shanon antropy was close to 1.94, this was a sign of physical development that was scattered and uncompressed. In the other hand the result of Holdern antropy showed the development that happened horizontaly. The unending spread of cities in the recent decades has made. Old texture inhabitants abandon and live in cities that have lead to horizontal and ancompressed city development also because of uncompressed development and increase of access roates, use of public and private vechicles has exceeded and coused problems for pedestrian access. The result indicats that the city of maraghe is not matching with the new urbanism.

Geotourism is one of the branches of the earth sciences, which today represents new methods for explaining and analyzing the geosciences and identifying natural attractions in each region. In addition to playing an educational and scientific role, it contributes to the growth and development of tourism in a region. Geosites embody the scientific, conservation and tourism values that together form geotourism. Evaluating geosciences and prioritizing them from the perspective of tourism potential can be very effective in promoting scientific conservation and sustainable economic and social development. Alamut area is located northeast of Qazvin province. In addition to its heritage potential, it is also a culturally and socially important destination in the country. Alamut area of Qazvin province, along with its heritage potential, is also an important cultural and social destination in the country. For this purpose, ten area geostrategies including Alamut, Moalem Kale, Andaj Valley, Andaj rocks, , Athan-Kuchan Peak, Evan Lake, Garmarud Valley, Pich Bonn Falls and Athan Valley were selected, and through three evaluation methods GAM, Kubalikova and Kirchner (2016) and the National Parks method were evaluated. The combined results of the three methods show that the Evan, Alamut, and Moale Kyeh Geosites have the most favorable conditions that can be marketed as a tourism product, in contrast to the three Circus Evangeles - Dine River and Cochnan-Ethane and The Atan Valley is also in poor condition and the planning necessity to manage these geosites is very clear.

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the economy in terms of its economic impacts for its intended purpose. Along with the relentless competition between places (tourist destinations), attracting and sustaining tourists is of paramount importance to government and non-state actors. In the field of tourism. The researcher in this paper seeks to investigate the effect of satisfaction on behavioral intentions of pro-environmental tourists. According to the experts, satisfaction has been measured in several dimensions, in this study 5 indicators of enjoyment, needs fulfillment, confidence and trust, re-referral and wise selection. This study is of practical purpose in terms of qualitative - quantitative and data mix. In terms of research method, it is based on data type (qualitative stage) and cross-sectional survey (quantitative stage). The statistical sample of the qualitative section consisted of 21 tourism professors and 9 experts and managers of the Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Organization. In the quantitative section, the statistical population includes all tourists who visited Kermanshah for one year and finally 381 people were selected according Morgan table. The results of Amos analysis confirmed all the research hypotheses and showed that satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the behavioral intentions of the tourists and its coefficient was 0.83. Given that this coefficient is positive, its effect is direct, that is, by changing one unit (increase), satisfaction increases by 0.86 percent of behavioral intentions. Therefore, satisfaction has a direct and positive impact on the behavioral intentions of tourists.

One of the disasters that has a long history and originated with man was fire or fire. Crisis management plays an effective role in preventing such incidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of crisis management strategies with emphasis on fire prevention and accidents (Case study: Fire District 1 and 2 in Tehran). The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The method of collecting library information was by means of a catch-up tool. The method of data collection was field survey and the required instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire Its validity and reliability were calculated to be 0.927 using Cronbach's squared test. The statistical population of the study was firefighters and firefighting organization staff in district 1 and 2 of Tehran city and the sample size was 294 people based on Cochran formula. The sampling method was simple. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) using SPSS25 software. Findings showed that pre-crisis preparedness and preparedness factors were effective on fire prevention and accidents with significance level of 0.001. Also, the factor of confrontation and exposure during crisis was effective on fire prevention and accidents with significance level of 0.015. Finally, the post-crisis normalization and reconstruction factor was effective on fire prevention and accidents with a significant level of 0.041. The results showed that crisis management strategies were effective in fire prevention and accidents and their effect was 6%.