نشریه مطالعات زن و خانواده
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

Nowadays, football has become a social phenomenon that has attracted a large number of fans. The purpose of this study was to present a paradigmatic model for the presence of female spectators in Iranian football stadiums. The study was done by qualitative research method using a data-based theory approach. Theoretical saturation was achieved by snowball sampling. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with university professors and football professionals. Validity and reliability of the data were determined by two methods of review by the researchers and review of non-participating experts in the study. The results of data analysis in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding led to 12 main concepts that were included in the final model: individual and legal factors as causal factors, Infrastructure and planning factors as contextual conditions, political factors as intervening factors and controlled presence was suggested a proper way to normalize the presence of women in football stadiums. Given the model presented, increased behavioral and ethical security in stadiums, development of football industry marketing, cultural growth of spectators, and increased quality of football matches in Iran can be viewed as positive outcomes of women’s presence in football stadiums.

Transsexualism is a phenomenon that opposes the society and its consequences are serious challenges for transsexuals. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the challenges of transsexuals in family and society before surgery. Grounded Theory methodology utilized as the research approach. Field research is Tehran, specially Mirdamad Clinic which is the main center for consult and surgery of transsexuals from all over Iran. 12 transsexuals ( 7 participant were male to female ; 5 participant were female to male) were selected as the participants following qualitative Purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criterion. In-depth open ended interview was used to collect data. Generally , analyzing of data culminated in six main categories namely ; practical consciousness to discoursive consciousness; critical and low aware family; Sigma; conflict and role management challenges ; assimilation with opposite sex; Challenges of inclusion and exclusion . Finally suggestions presented at the end in line with the research finding.

According to the famous Imams' jurists, after the separation of the husband and wife, the custody of the boy for up to two years and the custody of the daughter up to seven years are subject to the lack of marriage, and this is the right of the mother upon the marriage, and then, if she becomes divorced, the custody of He goes back. Most Islamic scholars such as Hanafi, Shafa'i and Hanbali are similar to the famous Imams' jurists, but in the meantime, Ibn Eridis, a scholar of the Imamiyah, declined to divorce by accepting the principle of the custody of the marriage, and the Imam al-Malik The Sunni Imams also have a theoretical similarity. Only Hassan Basri and his followers have a special theory. According to some reasons, unlike all jurisprudents of the Islamic faiths (Imamiyeh, Malekiyah, Shafieh, Hanafiyah, Hanbali and Zahirieh), the custody of marriage fell Therefore, regardless of the discussion of its return after divorce, this is also the case in Iran Judo, and despite the adherence of the legislator to the famous jurists, it seems that according to an argument such as verse 233 of Surah al-Baqarah, the rule of law, consideration of the legislator on custody and the principle of respecting the material of the child should criticize the famous ruling and promise She believed that her mother's rejection of her custody was unconditional.

Studying the situation of family and its dissolution have different interpretation between men and women in order to their genders. This understanding in men is due to experiencing a kind of losing. This experience is the result of the crossroad of the structure of gender and the institution of family and its effect on the new situation of men. Some part of this transition is related to men and the other parts is due to women’s identity transition which challenge the status of men in family. This study has been conducted to analysis men’s understanding of divorce process with participating of 23 men with at least one experiencing of marriage and divorce. The result shows that the conflict between prior images of marriage and the live experience of that lead men to feel Breaking monopoly strings. Men with core identity knot to monopoly on public and private sphere, feel confused when other ones (women) ask their share on controlling private and public sphere and left them with identity crisis. And it’s consequences.

Female-headed household as one of the vulnerable group of the society, suffering a lot of pressure, which influence their mental health and their family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the spiritual intelligence training on psychological well-being and resiliency of Female-headed household. The study design was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test and follow-up with control group. The study population included all female-headed household under protection by Fatima Zahra's Charity Center in 2017 whose numbers were 1904, that among those, 30 cases were selected randomly according to the inclusion criteria and were placed into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received spiritual intelligence training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The measures that used in the current study included the short form of Reef psychological well-being scale (Reef, 1989) and Resiliency Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Data were analyzed by Analysis of covariance. The results of data analysis showed the effectiveness of the spiritual intelligence training on increasing psychological well-being in the stages of post-test and follow-up as well as increasing resiliency in the post-test stage but this increase was not significant in the follow-up stage. Spiritual intelligence increases psychological well-being and resiliency by increasing flexibility, self-awareness and consolidation the individual's belief system and can be used as a training in the context of rehabilitation and improving female-headed household's quality of life in supporting institution.

Absteract The purpose of present study was to examine The relationship between psychological capital and cultural capital with domestic violence in married women. In this cross-sectional study, 156 married women of Behbahan city were enrolled using simple random sampling. They completed Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Cultural Capital Questionnaire (CCQ) and Spouse Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson and Canonical Correlation. Results indicated that components of psychological capital and cultural capital were negative predictors of domestic violence in married women. Connie's correlation analysis showed that four fundamental variables are needed to understand the relationships between the set of criterion and predicate variables. Fundamental coefficients for the first four dimension were 0.87, 0.64, 0.58 and 0.31 (p < 0.005). The lack ofpsychological capital and cultural capital are associated with the increased domestic violence in women. So, training programs for improving these skills in the married women are recommended. Key words: Psychological Capital, Cultural capital, Domestic Violence, Married Women

The current study has been carried out in order to evaluate and investigate the relationship between women’s social participation and their sense of security in Ilam City. This descriptive analytical study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the study includes all the 18-year-old and older women currently living in Ilam City and the size of the sample at the qualitative stage was 20 participants, selected using the snowball sampling method, and the size of the sample for the quantitative stage was 400 participants determined by Cochran’s formula and selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. At the first stage, i.e. the qualitative stage, the required data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and at the second stage, i.e. the quantitative stage, the required data were gathered through a questionnaire designed by extracting items from the interviews of the qualitative stage. The validity of the questionnaires was determined using content validity and their reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, which resulted in coefficients equal to 0.92 and 0.72 for the questionnaire on social participation and the questionnaire on sense of security, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software application. The findings of the study show that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of social participation and sense of security. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between various components of social participation, including public participation, political participation, and association participation, and sense of security.