International Archives of Health Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Jul Sep 2020

Public procurement is a demand‑side policy of technology and a significant section of the economy, the development of which requires understanding the conditions and accessing valid information. The present study has extracted the evidence‑based public procurement outcomes in technology development of medical devices.

Using narrative review method, 262 evidence were selected among the 787 evidence found, including books, articles, national and international reports and theses from Google Scholar, Elsevier, Emerald, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library including books, articles, reports made by national and international documents and theses, and 52 were cited considering the need and the content.

Based on extracted concepts, the aspects of the effect of public procurement of medical devices were categorized into five categories, including technology and innovation development, technology diffusion and transfer, demand‑oriented policy development, centralized procurement promotion, and local product development.

The role of the government in the technology development of the medical devices requires more attention because the proper design and implementation of centralized public procurement policy of medical devices by creating competition among producers can lead to technology development and promotion. However, it may mutually increase the price of medical devices and limit the use of these devices and hinder innovation and the introduction of the new technologies.

Risk‑taking behaviors in industries can be one of the essential reasons for unsafe behavior and incident. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between risk‑taking behaviors and personality dimensions and develop a model with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑SEM).

This cross‑sectional analytical study was carried out on 96 participants in Hamadan in the west of Iran in 2016. Risk power and personality dimensions of individuals were evaluated using a questionnaire, and risk‑taking behavior was also assessed using a balloon analog risk test. The data were modeled using PLS‑SEM.

In females, the neuroticism dimension had a significant relationship with risk‑taking behaviors (P < 0.001). Besides, in males, there was a significant relationship between risk‑taking behaviors and extraversion (P < 0.001). Furthermore, people who were more inclined to social acceptance were more risk‑averse and self‑reported more risk‑taking behaviors (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that people with different personality dimensions have different risk‑taking behaviors.

Studying individuals and errors that may be committed, the system can be in a way that individuals’ unsafe behaviors will reduce.

The purpose of the present qualitative study was to investigate the consequences of an irrational prescription of medicine through in‑depth interviews with various stakeholders.

We used in‑depth interviews for data gathering with a purposive sample of twenty participants who were selected according to their experience. We transcribed and analyzed interviews and identified, named, and coded the key themes with a sample of quotation.

In general, 14 subthemes or consequences were identified and classified, including health, economic, and social consequences. Some consequences are treatment failure, impose the financial costs to an individual and the government, waste of medicines, increase the financial burden of insurance organizations, trafficking medicine, disruption in the appropriate supply of medicine, deprive people needed for medicine, and deviation in policymaking.

The present study provides evidence that confirms the induced demand effect on health, society, and economic. Hence, we recommend health practitioners plan the health education interventions to reduce unnecessary prescriptions of medicine and the consequences and prevent the induced demand for the prescription.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory on the mental health of students.

The present study followed a quasi‑experimental method with pretest‑posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included the entire female students in Grade 2 of high schools in Isfahan city in the 2017–2018 academic years. The sample comprised fifty high‑school female students selected by a multistage cluster sampling method and assigned randomly and alike into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group weekly received choice theory training for 8, 90 min sessions. The control group was also on a waiting list. The employed instrument was Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance test.

The findings revealed that the effect of choice theory training on increasing mental health and its components(insomnia, social function, and somatic symptoms) were statistically significant (P < 0.001); however, the effect of this method on depression was not effective (P = 0.078).

In light of the findings drawn from this study, it seems that we can employ choice theory training as an effective approach to improve the mental health of adolescent girls in schools.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perception of disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The quasi‑experimental research method was pretest and posttest with control group.   The statistical population of this study included patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Semirom city which were selected 30 of whom through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (Acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT) and control group). Before and after the intervention, the individuals in all two groups were evaluated with the Disease Perception Scale. Then, there was a weekly session acceptance and commitment therapy based on treatment protocols for IBS for the experimental group, and the control group received no intervention.

The findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had significant effects on the components of illness sequences (P < 0.001), personal control (P < 0.001), nature of illness (P < 0.001), control through treatment (P < 0.001), worrying about illness (P = 0.002), and affectional respond to illness (P < 0.001).

  In according to findings, it can be concluded that the acceptance and commitment therapy as an effective treatment can be used in acute disease situations for people to promote positive perception of their illness.

Modern technology in nursing practice is the application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives, but the compliance to the utilization of this new technology is still very low, especially in developing countries. It is therefore imperative to identify their fear and worries concerning the use of modern technology to care for patients. Consequently, this study objective is to assess the nurses’ attitudes toward the use of modern technology to care for patients at Selected Public and Private Hospitals, Benin‑City, Nigeria.

A descriptive cross‑sectional survey was conducted with stratified sample technique to select 250 nurses from three selected hospitals in Benin‑City, Edo State. A self‑structured questionnaire with open and Likert scale questions used as instrument was administered to assess the nurses’ attitudes toward the use of modern technology to care for patients. Data collected were analyzed using tables, percentages, means, and standard Deviation at 0.05 level of significance, through Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

The result showed mean score of 2.23 (1.29) toward nurses’ attitudes about the use of modern technology to care for patients. This study also revealed the barriers and the benefits of its adoption.

The adoption of these technologies would be very easy as the attitude toward the adaptation is relatively high among nurses, if all the identified barriers and limitations are properly managed.

Considering the role of management in the performance of the organizations, job leaving is important. Many factors affect on pjob leavening intention of persons, which one of them is stressors. Regarding the importance of this issue, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between stressors and job leavening intention of health‑care centers’ managers.

The present research is descriptive and correlational. The study population was managers of Kashan health‑care centers by census method. The tools used in this study were questionnaires of Cammann et al.’s job leaving intention and stressors. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software with methods of correlation and regression.

Results indicated a relationship between familial stressors, and finding a new job was significant (P = 0.016). Furthermore, the relationship between stressors and health‑care centers was significant (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between stressors and job leaving intention was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore the frequencies of occupational stressors, social stressors, cultural stressors, economic stressors, familial stressors, personal stressors and total stressors were 51.1%, 44.5%, 30.7%, 22.6% and 26.3% respectively..

As mentioned by the results, health‑care centers’ managers were exposed to many stressors. Among these factors, the frequencies of occupational, social, cultural, and economic stressors were more than other stressors, eliminating that these factors can lead to the maintenance of physical and mental health of managers and enhancement of their work efficiency