نشریه حقوق روزنامه نگاری و ارتباطات
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Providing a framework for the application of artificial intelligence is an urgent need, given the growing use of it, the sooner the boundaries are defined in this area, the necessary balance between freedom of research and innovation, on the one hand, and the protection of values. Establish a common democratic society, including human rights. There are currently two draft resolutions around the world that will be finalized in the very near future, one with an ethical dimension developed by UNESCO, while the other with a draft convention with specific features. Hard wages will have a strong enforcement guarantee after approval. Every time a new technology has emerged, these two international and regional institutions have provided the necessary framework earlier than their counterparts, and this time they have taken the lead in the emergence of new technology. Undoubtedly, the moral advice of UNESCO, on the one hand, and the Council of Europe Convention, on the other hand, will play an important role in humanizing the age of artificial intelligence. However, the role of the European Union and the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression has not been less than that of the two institutions.

They are the main pillars of the development and progress of societies in various social, economic, cultural, political fields and the expansion of information in various news media. News media are an important and effective factor in the formation and enlightenment of public opinion and the type of attitude of people towards the events around them. Thus, media sanctions are one of the key and new forms of international sanctions, the main and primary purpose of which is to deprive media audiences from observing different attitudes, different news, educational, social, cultural and other thoughts.Sanctions on Iran's media at various times violate principles of public international law by claiming reciprocity and the implementation of sanctions by the Security Council and the European Union. These principles include the principle of freedom of information, the principle of freedom to broadcast satellite programs, the principle of prohibition of monopoly on satellite programs, the principle of protection of state property, the principle of reciprocity and the principle of compliance with contractual obligations. Violation of these principles creates international responsibility for the violating government.

The present article which is a mixture of translation and research, aims at studying the connections between the right to freedom of expression and media in the jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights. Although article 10 of European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on freedom of expression does not directly deal with freedom of media, European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has elaborated the relationship between freedom of expression and freedom of media in its jurisprudence. Media has been called public watchdog in the jurisprudence of ECHR in which fields such as freedom of press, positive obligations of states and protection of journalists, freedom of radio and television broadcasting, duties and responsibilities of states, protection of journalism's sources and eventually protection of whistleblowers could be observed and studied. Accordingly, the present piece, has researched the six aforementioned fields in the framework of ECHR's judgments and decisions. It appears that the approach of ECHR toward freedom of media within the right to freedom of expression implies the belief of this prominent human rights organ in the tremendous role of media and their freedom in the realization of a democratic society, ensuring human rights and preserving human dignity.

The coronavirus (Quaid 19), a disease that humans have not yet been able to find a definitive cure for, has raised concerns among many people around the clock, with governments taking serious steps to protect and provide for their citizens They are responsible for the health and treatment of the citizens. Public law, as the regulator of the relations between the people and the government, has also enumerated the rights and duties of the people and the government in different political regimes. Citizenship is one of the most important political and social spheres that has existed in various forms throughout history. According to citizenship status, individuals have equal rights. Citizens' cooperation with the government in enforcing orders, laws and protocols is considered as their civic and civic duty, while the government also has duties in accordance with the constitution and civil rights. In this article, the government's duties to the people in accordance with the Constitution and civil rights, the expression of concepts related to citizenship principles from the perspective of related theories, the requirements for observing and enforcing civil rights during the Corona period from the beginning to post-Cronona and important axes in evaluating government performance , In the face of Corona's pandemic in the world, as well as the need to realize citizenship rights in the coming months or years, as well as the world after Corona's pandemic, etc. are alluded to. The method used in this descriptive and analytical research and collecting and analyzing information is library and documentary.

The emergence of new media and new technologies in the present era has been to the formation of new concepts and approaches in all aspects of social life, including rapid access to information and diversity. As one of the criteria for assessing development in the information age, rating communities are in terms of the penetration of new technologies. The users of networks and social media platforms have been faced with fast and increasing growth. In this regard, we are faced with unethical use and privacy violations in these media that affect people's mental and physical health. Therefore, the necessity of relevant laws and commitment to media ethics seems more necessary.

In computer systems, information is the most important and most precious element, sometimes the most valuable product of a company. since in modern times data and systems have a higher value than wheat and even technology, it is essential that all human beings, at any time and place, protect them from attacks and hazards and provide adequate security in their systems. There is no limit in cyberspace, so the privacy of individuals is compromised by crimes such as unauthorized access (hacking). While people are sometimes aware of these dangers, they lack the ability to counter cyber attacks due to lack of adequate skill or lack of training. in the present study we seek to improve the position of iran in cyber - security by calling for public education and raising the capability and ability of individuals through voice and media, to create a safe and reliable environment for individuals in privacy and personal privacy and to prevent cyber.

Cyberspace is a large community and neighborhood that connects millions of computers and their users around the world. With the dominance of the Internet over the daily lives of human beings, it seems natural that many features of traditional society be drawn into the Internet and formed there. Today, many things like buying and selling, education, family counseling, marriage and even medical consultations between doctors and patients are done on the internet.Therefore, it is not surprising that cybercriminals commit crimes in cyberspace. Especially the anonymity of this space encourages the spread of this type of crime, in this space less real identity is revealed and people easily commit all kinds of crimes by hiding their identities. The passage of time and the growth of technology have created new crimes.These crimes have challenged various branches of criminal science, including substantive criminal law, formal criminal law, criminology, and criminal science; As it can be said, the existing laws are not a suitable answer for such modern crimes and in sociological terms, the legal system has been lagging behind in dealing with these crimes. These crimes are like a very dangerous and creeping tsunami that threatens national and global security; therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the general and legal challenges of combating cybercrime.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in the waste culture of Tehran's citizens. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study is citizens of district 22 of Tehran. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran formula and multistage cluster sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the subjects and analyzed using Pearson correlation test in SPSS 23 software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of social networks and familiarity with waste separation, waste value, waste applications and environmental impacts of waste by the citizens of Tehran.