فصلنامه رسانه
سال سی و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 119، تابستان 1399)

crisis in various its forms are considered as a silent war. The current coronavirus crisis rather than affecting the country’s hardware, damages its software system and disrupts it. Widespread crisis is a threat and the endangered societies will face new problems that will affect the life style of people and their social behavior. At the time of widespread crisis, and endangered or vulnerable society will undergo fundamental changes and will determine its distance from what has been before. This situation is important because it affects the individual, social and human relations more than anything else and requires investigation. Outbreak of Coronavirus has created an international crisis and has put the world at risk. This same virus has also created a kind of crisis in Iran which its fallout could be better assed in the future. Meanwhile the analysis of the views of professors and scholars of communication about this crisis and resulting dangers can clarify the news-communication dimensions of this crisis. In this line, 30 interviews have been conducted, some directly and others indirectly with experts and university professors. Some of the results of this study show the diversity of the communication views about this issue. Method of information dissemination, news management, confidence building, social and psychological health, rumors and fake news, Corona-phobia and importance of the media literacy are some of the prevailing concepts that have been taken into consideration from the Media- communication point of view.

This research work is an attempt to investigate the approach of newspapers affiliated with three political factions of Reformist, Principlist and Moderate toward the performance of the government in response to outbreak of Coronavirus by using a hypothetical discourse model to find out more about the classification of the Iranian Political Press and the position of the concerned newspapers within that model. The other goal of this research is to discover the relationship between the way the Iranian Political Press evaluate the performance of the government and their political factions during the said period. This paper also aims to compare the newspapers of various factions (including Reformist, Principlist and Moderate) from the point of their criticism or support of the government’s measures and policies in containing the spread of the Coronavirus. Researchers, by using the technique of quality content analysis, have reviewed the 244 editorials of 6 prominent newspapers of Keyhan, Resalat (Principlist), Shargh and Mardomsalari (Reformist) and Iran and Etelaat (Moderate) in a time span of 3 months (March-May 2020), by classifying them into 8 groups. While setting a discourse model and the position of these newspapers, the research showed that the reformist and Principlist newspapers in comparison to moderate newspapers have been more critical of the government’s policies in dealing with Corona. The reformist newspapers in comparison with Principlist newspapers have been more harsh in their criticism and in one end of the spectrum, we see the Mardomsalari newspaper and at the other end it  Keyhan have published more critical editorial than others and there this research work has classified the investigated newspapers from right to left in the spectrum scale as follows: Keyhan, Resalat, Etelaat, Iran, Shargh and Mardomsalari.

The main objective of this research work is to find out the extent of the news coverage of the economic corruption (Salary vouchers and transferring of Tehran Municipality Properties) attributed to the political factions by News at 20 of News Channel and News at 20:30 Channel 2 of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting). In order to achieve this objective, by employing the quantity analysis of the content during the time span of 180 days of all news stories broadcast in all news programs of the said news media outlets on the salary vouchers futures from April/21/2016 to July/21/2016 and about transferring the ownership of the properties belonging to Tehran Municipality from August/22/2016 to November/20/2016, were analyzed. The obtained information and descriptive and explanatory tables by the SPSS software show that despite the nationwide and strategic nature of the economic corruption, the question of the economic corruption and emphasis on campaign against this phenomenon in the high-profile documents and discourse by the leadership, have been given low priority and were politically side taking. In addition, the investigated news section, in their coverage of the captioned subject, have not been analytical and the cases related to transferring of the ownership of properties owned by the Tehran municipality, have been less covered than the topic of the Salary vouchers.

The rapid development of technologies and social media has brought considerable changes in communication and advancing the human knowledge. Development and widespread availability of smartphones and communication skills, have changed knowledge and understanding of people.  Few decades ago, the blind and those people who had problems in communicating with their surrounding world, now by the help of artificial intelligence deployed in smartphones and new technologies, are able to some extent, to improve their knowledge. This paper investigates the role of the application of artificial intelligence, the social media networks and other mass communication means in improving the media literacy of blind people. The statistic population of this study were 2000 blind people of the north western city of Tabriz. The sampling method used for this study is non-probability and purposeful technique and from this population based on Z score and the characteristics assigned to the said population, with 2 standard deviation, 15 people who were using this technology and 15 others who were not, were selected.  The data gathering method was based on experimental with two- group Technique and survey as well as full observation. The theoretical framework of the study is based on satisfaction theory developed by Potter, on media literacy. The T independent test has been used for comparison of the two- group and Friedman’s test for measuring the correlation between the use of artificial intelligence (independent variable) and promotion of media literacy of blind people (dependent variable). The result of the study shows that, the blind people by using these technologies acquire knowledge and understanding from their surrounding environment which gradually leads to improvement of their media literacy. By increased ability in using such technologies, knowledge production and information processing for the blind, has become easier and ultimately the critical thinking which form the external dimension of media literacy will improve further and they attain more ability in processing and understanding of new information. This circle, in form of functioning relationship, continues and finally, those blind people who make use of these technologies, for communication, live behind considerably those who don’t use such technologies.

Because of the great influence of mass media as well as use and impact of the traditional media, the way they are used for election campaign is of considerable importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and influence of the print and digital publicity media on voters’ behavior in northern Iranian Province of Mazandaran with a normal population and cultural diversity. The study is data-based and conducting of interviews in the said province. At the quantity stage, 718 people involved in the election were selected for filling the questionnaires. Based on the result of the investigation, the impact and influence of publicity of the print and digital media in election was confirmed but their impact on people were dismissed and at the same time the meaningful impact of party loyalty on the campaign policies of the media was also confirmed. However, the impact of the campaign strategies was irrelevant. According to the results of this research work it could be said that the most effective election campaign method for each group or faction with any level of income and social status, is focusing and paying attention on the candidate himself. Paying attention to the background, education, profession, personality, morality or any other characteristics of the candidate will influence the decision of the voters in casting their votes. The study also showed that parties and party structures have the least possible influence on voters.

Destroying the personality of the Prophet of Islam, is one of the important goals enemies and in order to achieve their objective, they have made use of media and cinema. On the other hand, the committed media activists try to display the true image of him for people of the world. One the most serious efforts in this respect, is the movie Mohammad the Messenger of God, made by Majid Majidi. The communication system which Majidi has represented from the Messenger of God (PBUH) is very near and similar to reality. In this paper, by using John Fiske’s Semiotic Codes method, the social and ideological coding of the film have been analyzed. In this film, the human communication system of the Holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH) has been analyzed in three areas of communication: Personal, Interpersonal and Public. Conviction and trust on God in difficult arenas, is the central attribution of his personal communication. The film, in area of Interpersonal Communication of the Holy Prophet of Islam refers to concepts such as modesty or shyness, respect for women, kindness and mercy, cooperation, commitment and responsibility and countering deviated traditions. Some these attributions could be also found in his public communication system. Two factors of resistance against terror ad boycott and equality of people are prominent features of his communication approach in public arena, that have been represented in the said movie.