According to construction of industrial structures in developing countries, current research is carried out on Self Standing Reinforced Concrete Chimneys, which are a sort of special structures and is used in several types of factories. For this purpose, the 3D model of an existing Reinforced Concrete chimney of 80.0 m high and a diameter of 4.0 ~5.0 m in Armenia, is modeled and analyzed using spectral analysis procedure according to 4th revision of Iranian 2800 seismic code, taking into account the spectral acceleration level to Sa=0.4g. On the next step, the finite element model is analysed by the means of Time History Analysis method, using 3 pairs of accelerograms recorded on each soil categories of Rock (Vs>750m/s), Dense Soil (375<Vs<750m/s) and Loose Soil (175<Vs<375m/s) and Very Loose Soil (Vs<175m/s) respectively, taking into account the spectral acceleration level of Sa=0.2g ~1.0g. The Modal Pushover Analysis is carried out as well in order to determine the Yielding Displacment Δy. Finally the ductility demand for all soil categories are computed.

Earthquakes are considered a high catastrophic and unpredictable natural catastrophe and reports on structural collapses reveal a persistent vulnerability and emphasize the importance of better integration of collective response to such disasters. To alleviate the collapses and victims, there is a need to standardize all phases of USAR operations (deployment, search, locate, extrication, on-site medical support) and increase the speed of rescue efforts. Investigating the effective factors on the duration between the start to the end of the relief effort, will be useful to improve crisis management for reducing wasting time and optimizing the management of future events. In this paper, it has been tried to estimate the duration between the beginning and the end of the earthquake relief by some explanatory variables. It is used Survival modeling like Cox regression or Kaplan–Meier to assessment and comparison of the effect of the explanatory variables such as: earthquake magnitude power, the amount of services provided by the Red Crescent society, level of health care and etc. For this research, the relief and rescue organization database has been used. The median of time between start to end of relief operation is 4.6 hours. Cox model applying showed that level of use of air and logistics services and the number of rescuer teams leads to shorter time significantly (p<0.05). Log Rank test didn’t distinguish difference between time median in two years 1396 and 1395 (p=0.423).

Geothermal energy is one of the most environmental-friendly and cost effective energy sources with potential to replace fossil fuels and help mitigate global warming. Recent technological progress, energy price variability, difficulty of oil and gas supply from foreign countries and the need to reduce fossil fuel deployment have made the exploitation of geothermal energy, especially for heating and cooling purposes, an attractive and viable energy alternative. The choice of the proper geothermal system (for heating or cooling) is essentially based on the need of cost containment and environmental constraints. Energy pile provides a mean to reduce energy consumption for space heating and cooling, while functioning as a support for superstructure. Despite of the environmental benefits of energy pile, some countries are still reluctant in implementing energy pile. This is because of knowledge gap on the influence of temperature cycles on energy pile ultimate and serviceability limit states. This paper reviews the geo exchanger and energy pile systems and highlights their applicability and efficiency as well as advantages and limits.

In the world, accidents that occur in construction projects are ta fairly high part. Several factors cause this accident. One of those is a lack of information about occupational health and safety risk. In the construction project, it is necessary to know about safety risks to minimize the number of accidents, besides that, it is necessary to know the parties responsible for safety risk if there’s an accident in the working area. The paper of this literature review is to present risks that cause a safety risk for the past ten years. The result of this paper is safety risk factors as seen from risk responsibility; Client’s responsibility, Contractor’s responsibility, Shared responsibility, and Undecided Responsibility. This research used a systematic literature review. Based on 26 journals review about safety risk, the most responsibility in construction projects about those risks is the Contractor’s Responsibility (57%).

In this paper, two masonry structures including the arc and the beam in real dimensions under simultaneous vertical and lateral loading will be examined. Vertical load was applied on the spring and then lateral load applied at the arch to the base. In the first experiment, the sample was loaded without reinforcement, and according to the results, the second sample was reinforced with polymer fiber C-FRP and subjected to similar loading. According to the results in the first sample, the first cracks appeared at the site of force stretch to the structure. Therefore, carbon fiber was used to reinforce the vulnerable areas. The reinforced structure was able to show very high stability against lateral forces, with the displacement rate at various points of the structure being significantly reduced. Structural load capacity also increased 13KN.

Currently, floods are one of the biggest threats to social security and sustainable development, and are among the most devastating and costly natural hazards. In recent decades, studies on urban flooding have increased and there has been a leap forward in flood risk management. The management of runoff and floods in the metropolis of Tehran is also more important due to its location at the foot of the mountain, leveling the land, occupying the privacy of the Channels, high relative density of housing and population and improper use of the Channels. For this purpose, in this study, the main Channel collecting surface runoff in the second district of Tehran (known as Flood Diversion Channel of West Tehran) was examined. The HEC-RAS 5 model was used for hydraulic simulation to flood the area and identify critical points in the area. Two parameters, speed and depth, were used as important parameters to assess risk. Studies conducted in this study, as well as a general comparison between flood risk zoning methods, show that the use of combined models with different factors in determining flood risk will have more appropriate results. The use of flow energy in flood risk assessment and considering the two components of depth and speed and their targeted combination will lead to the verification of results. In addition to the above, it seems appropriate to provide appropriate zoning for potential flood hazards, to identify safe areas, to provide relief routes, to economically justify reorganization plans, to flood flood-affected lands, and to manage floods.