نشریه تفسیر و تحلیل متون زبان و ادبیات فارسی (دهخدا)
پیاپی 42 (زمستان 1398)

Although Mystic passes moments of his life in transcendental empyrean world  that it is nonspace and nontemporal, and it is empty of any plurality, when he narrates about his experience of Unity, he has to use ways of the Plural world that they are concept and logical and he uses from both literal and virtual languages for his description, However his speech is paradoxical and needs explanation and Interpretation. Bayazid-e-Bastami reports from various experiences after intuition of unity his finite self with Universal Self or infinite that makes his description Language, artistic and aesthetic. And it has made his mystically propositions, meaningless for some people, the people accepted them; they cannot either denied them or verified. He uses literal and virtual languages and imagery as simile, metaphor, symbol to describe absolute unity world. He familiarizes the audience who is beginner at the mystical journey with intuition of God, Khlyfhatollahi status, of transcendental world that it is beyond the limit of expression and it doesn't have any place or time to explain. However his paradoxical speech doesn't overflow from his language for aesthetic value and poetic beauties, they have imaginary and phenomenal images. This article tries to study structural features of rhetorical and thematic of Bayzid's "Shathiyyat".

In a descriptive - analytical way, this study investigates the importance of this style in ethical teachings and in the existence of minimalism, the importance of this style in ethical teachings and a form of similarity between allegorical and short short stories. Based on the findings of this study, the structure of Baharestan's allegorical stories is according to the most important elements of minimalist stories, including: simple design, small volume, few characters and …. The main reason for the use of minimalist stories is to influence the audience. The point is the goal of every literary genre. According to the study, Persian scholars, many years before the writers of the West, have benefited from the parable and the language of animals, in addition to other initiatives, to further influence the audience. it can also be noted that despite the theories that describe the short short story as the product of the speed and industrial world of the west and most contemporary singers, .the history of minimalism refers to the plain world of the east and the rest of its thinkers.The research method is descriptive-analytical and library research

Gnosis is replete with contrasts. due to These contrasting elements, which were ascribed to the Attribute of the entire universe and it`s various glories and also, sever and different spiritual mood And experiments in various spiritual conditions, gnosis language was directed toward specifying Thise contradictory state.bewilderment and certainty, are among gnostic contradictionsone and a Step toward gnostic manner and behavior, which have shone through poet`s and mystic`s poetry Variously. Attar, as a mystical poet, who is filled whit gnostic achievements and experiment, has Reflected these two magniflcent issues in his poems so noticeably. this articie is to demonstrate The contract between certainty and bewilderment in Attar`sGazal (Poems). as a result of rummaging Through Attar`s poems, it is understood that certainty and bewilderment have a circular movement. Also upon Attar`s opinion, to reach mystic manner, the acquired certainty as result of bewilderment Eventually will astonish the gnostic, because, the last step to divinely certainty is confession to Bewilderment by absolute and incomparable God. Here, research data Have collected by analytical By library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive mathods.

The components of the imagination, especially the Moshabbahonbeh and the Mostaaronmenh, with a vast and unlimited capacity for lexical, semantic, artistic, and literary, play a key role in the structure of the Simile and Metaphor? The present study seeks to investigate how and why elements of imagination are selected in Persian poetry in relation to their subject area,with using qualitative research, analytical-descriptive method, and textual research method. The findings show that in addition to the  aesthetic Dimensions , Epice, Lyrice, Mystical and educational of the subject of poetry, it has a significant role in the selection of the imaginary components. It should be noted that in the context of the imagination and the subject matter of the poems, the frequency of applications is often considered.

Protest poetry, as one of the subsets of committed poetry, there has been existed from long ago in various forms in Persian literature. The works of the most of the prominent Iranian poets and writers from past up to now have been a full mirror of their environment and era. As many of them in analyzing and explaining difficulties of life have been far more scrutator and sensitive than the other social scientists and felt responsibility to the social issues and problems; as a result, through composing protest poems reacted to the untruths and misconducts of the ruling board and different classes of society including political, cultural, social …. One of these poets and thinkers is Maulana Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi. Talking about Maulana and his political and social thoughts is very difficult and in this regard everyone accompanies him by his/her perception; while, in view of Maulana’s mystical passion though initially it seems that he has doesn’t think about his time situation and is away from policies of rulers of that time, but exploring in his works can find his political, social and critical views. Also can represent his time situation and relations governing on the terms and policy of his era everywhere in his poems and illustrate some scenes of the rulers and their relatives’ force and violence. The aim of this article that was carried out by descriptive-analytical method is to review protest poetry in Maulana’s Masnavi; to the end, the protest poems of Maulana in his Masnavi will be reviewed and analyzed.

Ashura event is a great epic in human history. The poets always have explained the different aspects of these event and have impressed their sensations about it. One of these poets in persian literature is Saeed Biabanaki from contemporary period. In this study, his sonnets about Ashura have been investigated in terms of artistic techniques based on " Jamedaran " book. Studying this anthology indicated that poet have illustrated some concepts such as Imam Hossein's wronged, martyrdom and thirst using imager factors; while symbolism and metaphor are topsides. In this study the sonnets of this poet about Ashura have been investigated based on Jamedaran book. Assessments of this book show that Biabanaki have dedicated most of his poem to Aba'abdollah anh his companions innocence and martyrdom. The most outstanding of Ashura's sonnet themes in Jamedaran book are about Aba'abdollah which these themes are based on historical events. The poet have presented the wisely analysis of Ashura event using arctic tricks.

Studying the interplay between international literature is in the field of comparative literature effect in this field and its contribution in this area includes the enrichment of national language and literature and understanding and friendship of nations. The impact of Iranian language, culture and ivilization on native language and literature is one of the areas of research topics in comparative literature.“Yusuf and Zulika” is a Qur'anic story which has had a great infuence on the lyrical literature.In this research,the structure of story and the processing methods of two writers with different languages and cultures have been probed and explained using a comparative-analytic approach.“Yusuf and Zuleika” by Nurmohammad Andalib,the 12th century poet,writer, and translator has been compared with Abdulrahman Jami’s“Yusuf and Zuleika”(9thcentury)so that the similarities and differences of these two works in Turkmen and Persian would be examined.The overall results of this research are as follows:we could see characters of anciant stories.unlike Jami’s narration, Andalib’s work has more metaphysical factor. the central theme of the story is the love of“Yusuf and Zulika”he tries to implicitly press his theosophicad in sight of the story. In Andalib's narrative, Yusuf is the main character of the story, and the proximity of the story is evident to what was mentioned in Sura Yusuf. Andalib trie to narrate the story.

Nasir Khusrow Collection edited by Professor Mojtaba Minovi and Dr Mehdi Mohaghegh is one of the valuable Persian text which has been provided through scientific and research method. Therefore the value of this text will not merely be for its editing and with deep meticulous observation can perceive that these two Full Professors of historian, language, philosophy and Persian literature and also Arab literature have reproduced a remarkable masterpiece so that the editing of this text apart from reporting and analysing and even interpretation lies beyond other works or provides further interpretation and understanding. The immense knowledge of Professor Minovi in history and culture and especially text editing along with the mastery of Dr Mohaghegh in language, and his knowledge of religious and the difference of Islamic and current science have helped to clarify Nasir Khusrow Collection. Professor Minovi’s work in methodology and seeking for certainty of text along with Dr Mohaghegh way in recognising the theme of Nasir Khusrow’s poem expressing two theories in the text. The second glance at the text (Dr Mohaghegh’s method) in addition to better understanding helps the continuity of concept and interpretation. In this research two interpretations and the knowledge of Professor Minovi and Professor Mohaghegh in editing text has been studied in collaboration in order to be a valuable source for researchers in editing field.

Literary works are one of the tools for understanding the status and role of women in society. Through literary works, it is possible to understand the social conditions and circumstances beyond the formal reading of each period. Especially if these works belong to two different societies with different perspectives and cultures The present study focuses on the study of two works of Margaret Atwood's and Nedous's literary works, Simon Daneshvar, in order to present the differences and similarities of both writers as representatives of the culture of the West and the East while presenting the position and role of women in both works Concerning the rights, duties and problems of women, both authors share common ground, but there are significant differences in factors such as the lack of respect for women's rights and the role of intellectual and cultural structures in the performance of their duties and in the pursuit of women's rights, as the broader and more general view of Western society in Contrary to the narrower and more traditional orientation of the Eastern community to the woman. The author of this article, while recounting the works of Neda and Soushoun, is trying to find out the distinctions and causes of this work in a descriptive-comparative (library) way.

Each language is formed in a specific cultural context. This enables the literary works to point out the cultural discourse, and especially the ideology of a society. Thereby the effect of cultural transformations of various generations and even different literary genres can be studied. The study lies in the field of stylistics and it is from the category of discourse analysis. The story of the Amir Arsalan is one of the most popular folk-romantic novels of Persian language. Like any other literary text, the story is not devoid of ideological views, and it well describes the language discourse, power and ideology of a certain era. Through exploration of the ideological layers and their social and historical backgrounds, this study suggests how this seemingly romantic story reflects cultural and ideological clues. The result of the research shows that the story of Amir Arsalan, despite the structure of romance, has been drafted with a religious-national ideological approach to explain the supremacy of Islam (Shi'i) to disbelief .The story has changed from a historical genre to romance-fiction genre over the course of time. It is this structure and reliance on the collective memory of the people, that enables the story to have a high impact on the society

The present paper endeavors to find a relationship between Khayam's philosophy and his mythology. Because it is found out that the selection of poetry for his ideas according to the relationship between poetry and mythology has been out of consciousness simply because there are various signs that prove his mythology such as mythological time, rounds and cycle of drinking wine, flowers and grass growing out of earth and then being turned into soil again, pottery and pot, witnessing the body parts of human beings out of suspended dust in the air, and the like. Explanation of mythological insight is not possible except through literature and poetry. Else, due to the signs related to earth, it is highlighted that Khayam's inclination is towards earth because according to mythologists every artist, writer, and poet tries to choose one of the four elements of life. We believe that Khayam's element is that of earth so that we strive to prove it via the signs extracted out of his quartet. Thus, the research methodology has been quantitative and descriptive and the relevant information has been provided through library studies. The purpose of writers has been more on proving Khayam's mythology with an emphasis on earth. The outcome has been Khayam's inclination on such a generative element as earth.