فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال پانزدهم شماره 51 (تابستان 1399)

This study was aimed at comparing the impact of behavioral-communicational, Islam-oriented spiritual-religious and integrated group therapies on the positive emotions of women with marital boredom experience. This is a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, and its statistical population included all the married women who had referred to the clinics and counseling centers in Tabriz, Iran in the winter and spring of 2017-2018 to receive specialized assistance on their familial and marital problems. After the administration of the marital boredom questionnaire, a sample of 48 women was selected from among the eligible individuals in the initial screening stage who had received higher than average scores using the purposive sampling method. Then they were put in 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. The experimental groups underwent separate interventions in eight sessions, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The data collection instruments included the Marital Boredom Scale and the Positive Emotions Questionnaire. One-way analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the compared groups in positive emotions variable in the post-test stage (p < 0.05). Overall, the results revealed that integrative group therapy has greater effect on positive emotions towards husbands than behavioral-communicational and Islam-oriented spiritual-religious group therapies.

Existence of marital conflict leads to a decrease in mental health and couples’ satisfaction with their lives, and these conflicts result from the way in which words and conversations are used between husbands and wives. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the impact of cognitive language control training on controlling the emotions of women with marital conflicts who had referred to counseling centers. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all the women with marital conflicts who had referred to the Center for Intervention in Family, Individual and Social Crises of Birjand Welfare Office in the third quarter of 2015. Using the convenience sampling method, 32 people were selected and were randomly divided into two groups, each including 16 people. The data collection instrument was The Emotion Control Scale (Williams and Chambels, 1997). The experimental group received nine 60-minute sessions of cognitive language control training based on Islamic teachings. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05. The findings of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated the effectiveness of language cognitive control training based on Islamic teachings on reducing anger, anxiety and depression and increasing positive emotions. According to the results of this study, cognitive language control based on Islamic teachings aimed at activating useful language and preventing language sins can affect emotion control.

The current research has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the changes in comprehended parenting styles during four consecutive generations in Yazd. The design of this descriptive research is causal-comparative. There have been 381 participants picked out from age groups, say, 12 years old (80 people), 15-17 years old (80 people), 20-25 years old (80 people), 35-40 years old (60 people), 45-55 years old (50 people) and 60 and more years old (31 people). The first and fourth sampled groups have been chosen via multi-stage sampling method, and the fifth and sixth groups, via access method. the participants answered the comprehended parenting styles questionnaire (Naghashian 1358). The results of Chi-square test indicated that the age groups are different in terms of comprehended parenting style. The strict parenting style had totally the biggest frequency percentage among the whole sampled group. In the first and second groups, the strict style was more tangible than the rest. The easy-going style dominated other styles in the third and fourth groups, and the biggest frequency related to the strict style in the sixth group. Overall, it can be concluded that in different age groups, some changes have occurred in parenting style, often leading to the strict style’s prevalence.

The aim of this study was to examine the causal model of the relationship between tendency to marital infidelity and media use mediated by dysfunctional attitudes and emotional divorce. This is a descriptive-correlational research, and its statistical population consisted of married people in Kermanshah, Iran. Based on the availability sampling method, 300 people were selected from among those who had referred to psychologists' clinics, and they answered the marital infidelity and dysfunctional attitudes scales and media use and emotional divorce questionnaires. The findings revealed that media use indirectly and through dysfunctional attitudes and emotional divorce directly affect tendency to marital infidelity. Also, media use directly predicts dysfunctional attitudes, and dysfunctional attitudes directly affect emotional divorce. Emotional divorce further directly predicts tendency to marital infidelity.

One of the most common problems in today's world of families is marital conflict. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study is to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational beliefs with marital conflict considering the moderating role of religiosity. The statistical population consisted of the married people in Semnan Province, Iran. A group of 782 people was selected from this population as the study sample using the multi-stage random sampling method. The participants provided some demographical information and answered the Janbozorgi Religious Affiliation, the Marital Conflict, the Early Maladaptive Schemas and the Irrational Beliefs Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Fisher's Z-test. The results confirmed the challenging role of religiosity in relation to the total score and the five domains of early maladaptive schemas and the total score and irrational beliefs with marital conflict. That is, the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational beliefs with marital conflict is significantly stronger in the group of married people with a high level of religiosity. As a result, religiosity is a variable that takes a different and sometimes negative action under the influence of early maladaptive schemas and irrational beliefs. Thus, strengthening religiosity will not necessarily lead to the inefficiency of maladaptive schemas and the reduction of irrational beliefs.

The main purpose of the present article is to sociologically study the relationship between virtual network addiction and emotional divorce among couples in Tehran, Iran and also to find the theoretical-analytical pattern of the variables involved in this field. The theoretical framework of this study is synthetic and based on Parsons' theory of structural functionalism. This quantitative research work was conducted using the survey research method, and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the married residents in Tehran, and the study sample included 403 married people who had access to cyberspace. To select this sample, the two-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research findings indicate that there is a pattern of inverse statistical relationship between the independent variable ‘Internet addiction’ and the dependent variable ‘emotional divorce’ with an impact factor of 16.0. However, Internet addiction affects the dependent variable through the variables intimacy, alienation, religiosity, mental health and adherence to traditions and values​, among which marital intimacy has the highest impact factor.

Type 2 diabetes is a common and chronic disease that endangers people's mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive-behavioral group therapies and positive treatment on increasing psychological hardiness and quality of life in women with type 2 diabetes. This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest, two experimental groups and a control group. The study population included the people suffering from type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran in 2015-2016. The statistical sample consisted of 45 people (three groups of 15 people) with type 2 diabetes who were selected using the convenience sampling method. The two intervention groups were in the intervention sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapies and positive treatment, respectively, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The required data were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software 22. The results of MANCOVA test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapies and positive treatment are effective in improving the quality of life and increasing the psychological hardiness of patients (p < 0.01). The results of t-test further indicated that, in some components, the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapies is more desirable than positive treatment, and it has a greater effect on improving the quality of life and psychological hardiness in women with type 2 diabetes. It seems that cognitive-behavioral group therapies and positive treatment have desirable effects on improving the quality of life and increasing the psychological hardiness of patients. Therefore, the use of these psychological interventions in therapeutic settings is recommended.