Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Oct 2020

Context: 

Infectious diseases are the cause of death worldwide. As antibiotic resistance is rising, researchers are looking for new therapies. The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, causes acquired hospital infections and results in intestinal infections and many infections out of the intestine, like urinary tract infections (UTI), cholecystitis, wound infections, meningitis, septicemia, pulmonary infections, etc. Plants are a good source of bioactive compounds; hence, they can be effective in treating several illnesses. The purpose of this research was to peruse the antibacterial activity of various herbal extracts on E. coli. Evidence Acquisition: This research was obtained from various articles published from 2000 to 2017 from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Islamic Science Citation, and Magiran databases. The keywords used were E. coli, herbs, natural antibiotics, and antimicrobial activity.

The results showed that the ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants showed better inhibitory function against E. coli than other solvents.

The obtained results showed that medicinal herbs can be considered as the main medicinal agents capable of affecting infections caused by E. coli.

Oxidative stress plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning also increases oxidative stress. In contrast, aerobic exercise and the use of Tribulus terrestris (Tt) extract can individually play an antioxidant defense balance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic training (AT), and alcoholic extract of Tt on some oxidative stress indices in the heart tissue of hydrogen peroxide poisoned male Wistar rats.

Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups, including (1) healthy-control, (2) H2O2, (3) H2O2 + AT, (4) H2O2 + Tt 1 (5 mg/kg), (5) H2O2 + Tt 2 (10 mg/kg), (6) H2O2 + AT + Tt 1, and (7) H2O2 + AT + Tt 2. The AT protocol consisted of eight weeks (5 sessions per week) of treadmill running at 20 m/min for 60 minutes per session. Tissue samples were collected to measure oxidative stress indices. Two-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.

A significant decrease in tissue concentration of cytochrome C (ng/mL), MDA (Pmol/mL), PAB index (HK), while an increase in tissue concentration of ATP (µM) was observed in the H2O2 + AT + Tt 2 group compared to other groups (P ≤ 0.05).

Combining AT and Tt can be a good strategy to reduce the complications of hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Because the observed changes were far from complete improvement compared to the healthy control group, it is likely that longer treatment periods and higher drug doses should be used. Future studies should use Tribulus terrestris (Tt) supplementation in addition to Tribulus terrestris (Tt) intake prior to training sessions.

 The zoonotic Sarcocystis parasite has an obligatory two-host life cycle that mainly involves herbivorous animals as intermediate hosts and carnivorous animals as definitive hosts.

 Lack of reliable study and published data bout frequency of Sarcocystis in livestock of Hormozgan Province and consumed meat led us to investigate in abattoirs and slaughterhouses of Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2019 - 2020.

 In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 meat samples of three types of animals (cow, sheep, goat) belonging to Hormozgan, Fars, and Kerman provinces were studied from September 2019 to January 2020 using naked eye examination for detection of macroscopic Sarcocystis cysts and pepsin digestion method accompanied by squeezing methods performed to examine striated muscles for microscopic cyst types. Isolated tissues of the esophagus, heart, and diaphragm of 400 slaughtered animals were examined for Sarcocystis.

 The carcasses of all the animals were investigated to detect Sarcocystis macroscopic cysts, all of which were negative. However, microscopic examination of isolated tissues by pepsin digestion showed a total frequency of 92.25% in these animals. Analysis revealed that cows bred in Hormozgan and goats imported from Kerman are significantly infected and play an important role in the distribution of disease (P < 0.05).

 These results and obtained data indicated that a large volume of imported meats to Hormozgan is contaminated with this parasite, and more control should be applied over slaughtered livestock. Also, the people of the community who consume these meats should be given proper and complete training.

 Lung cancer has the highest frequency among cancers worldwide. It is the leading cause of cancer-induced death in industrialized countries. Abnormal glycosylation of cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates are among the most critical issues in neoplasia.

 This present study aimed to detect N – acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac) and L- fucose (L-fuc) containing glycoconjugates in lung cancer.

 In this cross-sectional study, we selected paraffin blocks belonging to 25 patients with lung cancer from their pathology files at the Ali-Ebne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Six µm sections were obtained from the blocks and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) and lectin histochemistry (UEA and SBA lectins). Alcian Blue pH 2.5 was used as a counterstain; lectins were diluted up to 10µg/ml, and DAB was used as a chromogen. Histochemical grading was conducted blindly according to staining intensity to lectins (0-3). The data was collected and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, using SPSS.

 Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between inflammatory mucosa of the bronchial tree and all types of lung cancer (i.e., adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as small and large cell lung carcinoma) according to staining intensity to SBA and UEA lectins (P < 0.001). Our results showed that there were many different patterns of reaction to SBA and UEA lectins between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial cells of the bronchial tree.

 Staining intensity and pattern of reaction to lectins were different between all types of lung cancer cells and epithelial mucosa.

Apoptosis is one of the main means to remove undesirable cells that occurs in the eucaryotic and even procaryotic organisms.

This study aimed to examine the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and crocin consumption on apoptotic factors in the soleus muscle of male rats exposed to doxorubicin.

sixty male rats were selected and divided into five groups: 1) doxorbicin- control, 2) training, 3) crocin, 4) training + crocin, and 5) healthy control. Groups 1 to 4 received 2 mg / kg doxorubicin intraperitoneally; Groups 3 and 4 received daily 10 mg / kg crocin, and groups 2 and 5 received HIIT including high-intensity interval repetitions (80 to 90% of maximum speed) and low-intensity interval repetitions (30 to 40% of maximum speed) at two-minute alternations for eight weeks and for five days each week.

Doxorubicin had a significant effect on increasing Bax and caspase-3 and decreasing Bcl-2 (P ≤ 0.05). However, training had a significant effect on reducing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 (P ≤ 0.05). Crocin consumption had a significant effect on decreasing Bax and caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, training and crocin consumption had interactive effects on decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 (P ≤ 0.05).

It appears that the combination of HIIT with crocin extract can be used to increase the expression of the Bcl-2 protein gene as an anti-apoptotic factor and decrease the expression of Bax gene as a stimulating factor in the soleus muscle of male rats exposed to doxorubicin.

 People with osteoarthritis are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, regular exercise and ozone therapy can prevent such diseases.

 The current study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training and ozone therapy on the gene expression of MFN1 and DRP1 in the heart tissue of rats with osteoarthritis.

 In this experimental study, 24 rats with osteoarthritis were randomly divided into four groups of six rats, including (1) osteoarthritis control, (2) training, (3) ozone, and (4) training + ozone. Also, to investigate the effects of osteoarthritis on intended variables, 6 healthy rats were selected as the healthy control group. Then, for the next eight weeks, rats in the aerobic training groups were planned to run on the treadmill five sessions per week for 30 - 50 minutes, and those in the ozone groups received 20 µg/mL ozone once per week for three weeks, 21 days after induction of osteoarthritis. Gene expression levels of MFN1 and DRP1 were measured in the heart tissue. The Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P ≥ 0.05).

 Induction of osteoarthritis was associated with increases in MFN1 (P = 0.001) and DRP1 (P = 0.001). However, in the training, ozone therapy, and training + ozone therapy groups, osteoarthritis decreased the DRP1 (P = 0.001); training (P = 0.02), ozone therapy (P = 0.002), and training + ozone therapy (P = 0.001) decreased the MFN1; Also, reduction in MFN1 and DRP1 was greater in the training + ozone therapy group than the sole training group (P = 0.001).

 Although eight weeks of training and ozone therapy improved the levels of MFN1 and DRP1 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats with osteoarthritis, simultaneous use of training with ozone therapy showed more favorable effects on the improvement of MFN1 and DRP1 gene expression levels than sole training or ozone therapy alone.

 Increased reactive oxygen species disrupt the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although the role of training (T) and vitamin D (VD) consumption in bone health has been shown, there is no accurate information on the role of these two interventions on the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), as an osteoclast marker.

 Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of T and VD on NFATc1 gene expression in bone tissue of rats exposed to H2O2.

 Fifty adult male Wistar rats aged 8 - 10 weeks and weighing 180 to 220 g were randomly assigned to 10 groups including (1) control (C), (2) dimethyl sulfoxide + normal saline (sham; Sh), (3) 1 mmol/kg H2O2 (1H), (4) 1H+VD, (5) 1H+T, (6) 1H+VD+T, (7) 2 mmol/kg H2O2 (2H), (8) 2H+VD, (9) 2H+T, and (10) 2H+VD+T. The research protocol lasted eight weeks to implement. The levels of NFATc1 gene expression were measured by qRT-PCR.

 Based on the results, 1H and 2H significantly increased NFATc1 gene expression levels (P = 0.001). However, T (P = 0.001), VD (P = 0.001), and VD+T (P = 0.001) reduced NFATc1 gene expression in the bone tissue of rats exposed to 1 and 2 mmol H2O2. Also, NFATc1 gene expression was significantly lower in the 1H+VD+T group than in the 2H + VD group (P = 0.03).

 It seems that T and VD consumption both alone and synergistically have a reducing effect on NFATc1 as an osteoclast index in rats exposed to 1 and 2 mmol/kg H2O2.
 

The authors unanimously wish to retract the article entitled "Preparation of Decellularized Bovine Tendon Scaffold and Evaluation of Its Interaction with Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells" because of some mistakes that happened in data analysis and result of the paper.