Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:18 Issue: 3, Sep 2020

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran have obliged universities and schools to use online education as a substitute for face-to-face teaching processes, while it has created several issues for teachers, schools, and universities. Evidence Acquisition: In the current review that aimed to investigate online education, specific instructional strategies are presented to summarize online teaching experiences for teachers who might use online education in similar situations. In this line, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct electronic databases were searched for relevant studies that have been conducted since 2002.

The present study was conducted on the hypothesis that distance education can be a proper training method for coping with COVID-19 prevalence in the current outbreak. Reviewing the studies performed all around the world indicated the success of online education and supported this training method, even though there are some problems in the transition from face-to-face teaching methods to modern methods.

In today’s world, education can be divided into before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The importance of online education has become more apparent than ever before; therefore, it is essential to pay special attention to the appropriate infrastructures required for online learning in Iran’s education and the higher education system.

Although callous-unemotional traits plays a crucial role in the development of adolescent trauma, little information is available about mediators and their predictors.

The current study aimed to predict male students’ CU traits based on empathy, bullying, and social anxiety behavior.

Statistical population of this research was the high school male students in 14 districts of Tehran in the third and fourth high school year for 97.96 academic year. Participants were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICUT), Illinois bullying scale (IBS), empathy questionnaire, and social anxiety inventory were used to meet the study’s objectives. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

According to the results, bullying (r = 0.24) has a positive,meaningful association with callous-unemotional traits, empathy (r = -0.33), and social anxiety (r = -0.17). Besides, it is negatively associated with CU traits. (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that empathy, bullying, and social anxiety predict the 0.25 variance of the callous-unemotional traits.

Based on the results, lack of empathy, social anxiety, and bullying are significant risk factors for the emergence of CU traits.

The history of women’s health has been widely debated in jurisprudence and hadith and in general in religious thought, and the great jurists of Islam have addressed it in their practical treatises of the past; thus, attention has been paid to these topics in their books on health and Islam.

This study was conducted to show the subject of the body and its health, especially that of the female body, based on religious verses and traditions, and to emphasize its importance as a religious duty.

This research has been done by using religious techniques, the Holy Quran, and the narrations of the infallible and their interpretation and explanation. It has also been used in social medicine and medical history of philosophy. Books on women’s psychology have also been taken into consideration.

Our results revealed that the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions have special respect and status for women. Female sex personality is taken into note. It is highly recommended for men to observe women and their gender on various occasions.

In this study, the philosophy of baths, especially women’s baths, men’s and women’s cleansing, women’s special health, women’s menstruation, women’s menopause, pregnancy, and childbirth were examined from the perspective of the Quran and Islamic traditions. Overall, studies have shown that Islam has paid particular attention to these issues.

Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases.

This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects.

In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, nonfractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 µmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 µmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables.

A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

Stressful environments, especially air temperature, have significant effects on human physiological responses to physical activity.

The current study aimed to determine the effects of pre-cooling and per-cooling on neural, physiological, and functional responses in active young girls.

Twelve active girls (age 24.6 ± 1.4, weight 55.46 ± 8.18, height 165.1 ± 5.91) were tested in three separate sessions with intervals of three days between each session. All subjects performed the Balke test in three groups either without an ice vest (control and pre-cooling) or with an ice vest (per-cooling) in each session, randomly. Pre-cooling was applied with an ice vest for 30 min just before the test, while per-cooling was used with an ice vest from the beginning of the test to exhaustion. A Buerer FT-70 digital thermometer, polar-FT60 heart rate monitoring, Microlife blood pressure monitoring, and ELISA technique were used to measure core body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, dopamine, cortisol, and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. Two-way repeatedmeasures ANOVA was applied to analyze the data with a confidence interval of 95%.

The heart rate and core body temperature significantly decreased at the end of the test in the pre-cooling and per-cooling groups (P < 0.05). There was an improved performance with an increase in Tmax in the per-cooling group compared to the control group (P < 0.05) although this difference was not significant in the pre-cooling group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Dopamine, cortisol, and lactate dehydrogenize increased in the groups in comparison with the pretest (P < 0.05) even though these differences were not significant in the comparison between the groups (P > 0.05).

The findings suggest that pre-cooling and per-cooling could be used as a beneficial method to improve performance due to not only a decrease in core body temperature and heart rate but also an increase in the level of dopamine and cortisol. Moreover, per-cooling was more effective than pre-cooling to increase performance.

As an important issue, sleep deprivation influences the cognition and mood of society. It both causes different effects on various individuals and age groups. However, the effects on various age groups are not well studied. The present study, which used a rat model of sleep deprivation, investigated the learning and memory status of sleep-deprived (SD) rats. Two groups of young and adult rats underwent 96 h of REM sleep deprivation by the inverted flowerpot method. Control groups were in the same condition but were could sleep normally. In behavioral groups, anxiety was assessed by an elevated plus-maze. Six weeks later, spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze, and fear memory was assessed by passive avoidance learning. Based on the findings, SD increases anxiety in young rats. Regarding the spatial memory, young SD rats showed impairment in retrieval, but adult SD rats failed to learn the task as effectively as the controls. Memory retrieval in the passive avoidance task was impaired only in the adult SD rats. A different stage of memory affected by sleep deprivation in young and adult rats reflected varying mechanisms in these two age groups.