Journal of Geotechnical Geology
Volume:14 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2018

Today, tourism activities are as one of the most dynamic activities in the world. The number of foreign and domestic tourists and theirs income that is constantly increasing in the world. Tourism activities have different types that among them we can mention to the coastal tourism. The concept of coastal tourism, the full range of tourism consists of recreational activities that occur in coastal areas of the oceanic water. In the southern coasts of Iran, various natural factors have come together to create structures and phenomena, natural and historical attractions which in turn display of beautiful natural attractions. Despite such potential positive impacts of tourism on the coast, not only negative but also have undesired effects but also originate from a lack of planning and management of coastal areas of the country. Summary, the results of the studies such as soil erosion, destruction of natural resources, destruction of coastal landscapes, waste accumulation and uncontrolled increase in construction, water and soil pollution, stagnation of agriculture and animal husbandry, death of plant and animal organisms, noise pollution, land use change and so on show that types of environmental pollution in the region, the main negative impacts on tourism. In this research, it has been tried to present ways of reducing harmful environmental effects and expressing the tourism characteristics of the studied area and the consequences of tourism.

A mass wasting movement occurred along Chalus- Marzanabad freeway in March 2014 in Iran on which the most parts of the moved masses include soils with rock fragments. Province under construction freeway No. 3 is the main route from the capital city of Tehran to the Chalus city. The study area is located at the mileages between 5K and 6K along the freeway. Slope failures which triggered by earthquake activities and heavy rainfalls occur frequently. This paper is based on theoretical aspects and structural geology data for evaluation of the potential slope sliding behavior. The methodology is based on preparing topographic and geologic maps, measuring of layering and joints, preparing structural cross sections and rock mass rating of rock masses. According to RMR rating, Cohesion factor and friction angle of rock masses have been determined and used for analysis of mass wasting movements. This study showed an irrelevant relationship between the slippage behavior of the slopes and the stratum materials in the area. In this area, Infiltration of water into the shear zone of faults, swelling of the marlstone layers and the formation of flow in the clay bed cover has been the main cause of mass movements.

In a situation where manufacturing companies are under intense competition, they are producing a variety of products, and sometimes they do not pay attention to the environmental costs of using different materials. However, the implementation of environmental management practices such as green supply chain management can help to prevent environmental pollution, in addition to maintaining the competitive advantage of companies. This research investigates the role of green human resources management in promoting greenhouse gas supply goals at the compost recycling plant in Isfahan industrial city. In this study, a conceptual model related to green supply chain management and factory business performance was used through three organizational variables: job satisfaction, operational efficiency, and inter professional productivity as intermediaries. Statistical analyzes based on data collected through A total of 92 questionnaires were conducted in the disposable utensil industry. Reliability and validity of the research model and questionnaire were tested and confirmed. In order to test the hypotheses, partial least squares technique has been used in the structural equation model. Some of the previous findings of this study suggest a direct relationship between the implementation of green human resource Management and the business performance of a factory. All research hypotheses were approved in the form of green human resources management and related factors. In general, the findings of this study are consistent with previous studies in other parts of the world. Also, few studies in this area were conducted based on the theory of resource dependency.

Stability analysis of the underground karsts around excavated and supported tunnels is one of the most important tasks in terms of safety evaluation of tunnels and underground excavations. In this paper, the stability and the stabilization method of a natural hole which existed before excavation above a transportation tunnel were investigated. The hole was modeled in form of continuous and discontinuous media. Several realizations with different crack patterns were generated in order to eliminate random effect. The stability was analyzed numerically. The results show that the equivalent continuum method induces overestimation upon strength parameters and consequently results in higher uncertainty compared to the discontinuum method which is a better representation of the problem. The generated models in discontinuous medium were highly unstable and showed prominent signs of collapse. As per the agreement between the discontinuous models with the real problem’s conditions, this instability and collapse of rock blocks may disturb the tunnel lining and yield to catastrophes. The results of using concrete foam as the filling and the whole support confirm the proper applicability of this approach alongside its practicability under the conditions specific to this project.

Fossil fuels as known as non-renewal sources which are mostly affect environment very adverse were extraction operations are costly which that the new-energy sources application is widely considered. The solar panels are the most effective devices for receive and control solar energy which focused on this study. The most important issue in solar cells is the problem of energy dissipation during day-night cycles. For this purpose, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and perturb & observe (P&O) algorithms are utilized for evaluate the energy dissipation amounts were implemented in MATLAB. As basic of the analysis, Maragheh city's solar cells site is conducted to assessments. According to the results, the P&O method as well as PSO is suited for single-element solar radiation and for radiation/time response at tracking of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) were related to the day-night cycles.

Esfahan Nuclear site is located in Esfahan province, South-East of Esfahan great city. In geological point of view, the study area almost located at the boundary between Zagros and Central Iran zones. The study area, experienced a wide variety of destructive earthquakes during historical and instrumental time span. In seismicity perspective, the western part of this area, on the high Zagros Mountains is more active than others. In this study, at first step we try to create a comprehensive earthquake catalog considering the independence of events based on Poisson’s distribution. Then, the seismicity parameters will be calculated using different parameters such as seismic attenuation and seismotectonic states based on Kijko-Sellevol method. Results are persisting on a few active faults, especially Kuh-Ghoruneh located in distance 12 km to site with high horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration. According to these results, we conclude that the site located in the very seismically active region, which can be affected by future earthquakes.

For structural engineers, it is common in the analysis to consider a fixed base structure, which means that the foundations and the underlying soil are assumed to be rigid. This assumption is not correct because the underlying soil in the near field often consists of soft layers that have different properties and may behave nonlinearly, which results in a significant change of the seismic motion before reaching the structure foundation. In addition, interaction between the structure, its foundation and the underlying soil during vibrations can significantly alter the structure response. This change depends on the characteristics of the structure, the soil properties and the nature of the seismic excitation. As a result, accurate evaluation of inertial forces and displacement in structures requires a careful examination of soil structure interaction (SSI) effects. In this paper, a numerical study was conducted to investigate the seismic response of concrete buildings exposed to various seismic excitations with nonlinear SSI assumption using PLAXIS V8.6 software. Two types of two-dimensional moment resisting frames including a five-story frame and a ten- story frame have been analyzed. Three types of soil hard (type I), medium (type III) and weak (type IV) are considered with shear wave velocity of 1000, 270 and 90 m /s, respectively. The results of the analysis show that considering the effects of SSI on seismic design is essential. Generally, by decreasing the dynamic stiffness of the underlying soil (with decreasing shear wave velocity VS and shear modulus G), the base shear ratios decrease. In addition, a fixed base assumption can lead to high overestimation of the structural design forces and seismic response.

Iran undergoes enormous financial and physical damages caused by the occurrence of multiple earthquakes and is among the countries with a very high possibility of earthquake hazard. For this purpose using methods with greater precision in order to control and reduce the damages caused by the earthquake is essential. One of the assessment methods is probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA); which in this method we have used the assumption of constant risk of earthquake along the fault whereas given the lack of equal energy in various parts of the earth, this assumption is contrary to fact. In this study we have tried to display the errors of this method using numerical programming method (MATLAB) by performing a case study on Zagros fault in Iran. Results suggest that the distribution of earthquake probability is different for each point of Zagros fault. And that the probability of seismic risk is low in some parts of the fault and significantly high in others.