نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دامپزشکی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of five major enteropathogens in under 1 month old diarrheic claves in Tehran province.also, the relationship between season with occurrence these Enteropathogens and comparison the results with other geographical regions were evaluated.135 fecal samples from diarrheic calves (under 1 momnth old) collected from 25 farms in Tehran province between April 2010 to June 2011.samples were examined for rotavirus,corona virus,E.coli(k99) and cryptosporidium by using capture Elisa and culturing for samonella spp.salmonella infected samples were serotyped by standard antiserum.Chi-square test was used to determine season association with five enteric pathogens prevalence.totally infection rate from 135 fecal samples , cryptosporidium in 53 samples(39.2%), Rota virus in 43 samples(31.8%),Salmonella spp in 13 samples(9.6%), Corona virus in 12 samples(8.8%) and E.coli (k99) in 8 samples(5.9%) were detected.from 13 salmonella isolated samples,seven of them (5.18%) were typed as salmonella serogroup D and six of them(4.4%) were typed as salmonella serogroup B.the result of this study indicated that cryptosporidium and rotavirus were the most frequently identified pathogens in this study.also season had significant association with salmonella,rota virus and E.coli(k99) prevalence.(p-value<0.05-confident interval (C.I)=95%).

The most important and common disease among dairy cows is mastitis and it is still a big challenge for the dairy industry all over the world.Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a major cause of different diseases especially mastitis in cattle.there are few studies on the role of ROS in occurrence of subclinical mastitis.the objective of the persent study was to evaluate the changes in plasma malondialdehyde concentrations as a marker of lipid peroxidation of red blood cells and its relationship with somatic cell count(SCC) in milk as the marker of mammary inflammation in cattle.Heparinized blood and milk samples were collected from 45 healthy cows and 45 cows with subclinical mastitis from dairy farms in Tehran province,Iran.No significant difference (p>0.05) was seen between concentrations of malondialdehyde in the studied groups.there was a significant difference (p<0.001) between SCCs in the healthy cows with subclinical mastitis.the concentration of plasma malondialdehyde was higher in cows with subclinical mastitis which indicates mild increase in production of ROS in response to invading pathogens.

Caspian miniature horse is a small breed of horse which was reported for the first time in Iran.difference  in the size of this breed comparing with other breeds of horses makes it probable that there might be some topographical variations.regarding the extend of pleura and the location of cardiac notch of lungs in relation to the ribs and thoracic wall,which is important in echocardiography and diagnostic imaging and clinical examination,lead us to study the topographical position of cardiac notches and copula pleurae in the Caspian miniature horse.

Open wound medication needs repeated chemical restriction for changing bandages in small animal medicine.combination of ketamine-xylazine is one of the most popular chemical restrain agents which decreases heart and respiratory rate and increase blood glucose.no previous study was seen in literature review about systemic effects of this drug combination on wound healing.An experimental study was designed on twelve New Zealand white rabbits with spuare shape incisional wounds in the back region during the 21 day trial.rabbits were divided into two equal groups and bandage change was performed every 48 hours for both groups,one anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine combination during wound medication and other just physically restrained.heart and respiratory rate,O2 saturation of hemoglobin,and blood glucose were ,easured and recorded during each wound bandage.histopathological and macromorphological evaluations were accomplished by taking tissue sampling and photography of wounds.total wound,granulation and epithelial tissue area were measured by computer analysis for two groups as macromorphological evaluation. the data was anslyzed using SPSS(Version 16.00). heart and respiratory rates were decreased in rabbits which anesthetized during bandage change(p<0.05).but no significant difference was seen in O2 satruration of hemoglobin, and macromorphological measurmentes between the two groups.In descriptive and numerical comparisons between the groups no difference was seen in histopatological evaluation.the results of this study indicated that repeated anesthesia with ketamine-xylazine combination had no detrimental effect on wound healing.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of administration of Flunixin Meglumine on conception rates and plasma progesterone(p4) changes in Holestein heifers and inhibition of PGF2a synthesis just before luteo lysis.32 Holstein heifers(15-month-old,BW:357+_5kg)were synchronized utilizing Ovsynch protocol and artificially inseminated.the heifers were assigned randomly to a treatment group(n=16) and a control group (n=16).the treatment group were injected intramuscularly three times on days 15.5,16 and 16.5 post insemination with 1.1 mg/kg bodyweight Flunixin Meglumine whereas control group received placebo.blood samples were collected on days 15.5,16 and 16.5 post insemination for analysis of plasma P4 concertrations.pregnancy was diagnosed on days 30 and 60 by transrectal ultrasonography.on day 30,10 of the treated heifers were pregnant compared with 4 of the control heifers(p<0.05):on day 60,9 of the treated heifers were still pregnant compared with 4 of the control heifers (p>0.05).maen plasma progesterone concentrations on day 16.5 in treated heifers (2.62+_0.66ng/ml-1) was higher than control group (1.87+_1ng/ml-1) but this improvement was not statistically significant(p>0.1).the results of this study support the hypothesis that Flunixin Meglumine is able to inhibit the uterine synthesis of PGF2a and increase the survival of early embryos.

In this study, 142 stool samples from 70 horses and 72 mules were collected from border villages around urmia province and were evaluated for cryptosporidium oocytes.the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in the horses was 10.56% and among mules was 12.50%.the highest rate of infection was among mules but there was no statistically significant corrolation between horse and mule infection (p>0.05). in our knowledge,this is the first report of cryptosporidium detection in horse fecal samples in Azerbaijan province.because of difficulties on cryptosporiosis treatment and as the cryptosporidium oocytes are a serious threat for drinking water purifying,diagnosis of the infection in hosts and applying a preventive policy must consider.

Salivary glands are the most important of the mouth internal secretory.saliva contains many useful enzymes that help in the digestive process.there are for major salinery glands in cats,including the mandibular,sublingual,parotid,and zygomatic galnd. Adenocarinomacan affect any of these salivary glands in cats,but the major target of this tomur in cats in the parotid gland.sublingual mass of a cat with clinical sign such as dysphagia,saliva drooling, anorexia and weight loss removed by surgical operation and sent for the histopathological evaluation. in microscopic observation:tumor of a glandular epithelium was seen.acinar cells had been established a solid and adenoid pattern.Malignansy sings,including mitotic formation,hyperchromatism and pleomorphism were clearly visible in nucleus of the neoplastic cells.clinical and histopathological finding reveals an acinic cell adenocarcinoma and in our knowledge,this is the first report of this kind of tumor in salivary gland of a cat.

A seven months male mixed Tibetan Spaniel(5.5kg body weight) has been referred to small animal clinic with fore limb lameness.history taking showed that dog did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease.Carniocudal and lateral-medial radiographs were shown bowing of the radius bone cause by permature closure of distal ulnar growth plate.then surgical treatment of partial ulnar diaphyseal ostectomy was performed.postoperative care was antibiotic administration and limb was supported by light splint.this case study showed that local disturbances in bone growth form an important group of orthopaedic problems that occur in young animals.therefore surgeons take the antebrachium deformities into consideration with accurate diagnostic imaging and apply for corrective surgeries.