فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی
سال سی و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 137، تابستان 1399)

Geotourism is a combination of land and tourism and is a tourism that have geological, morphological and cultural attractions. Optimal use of the attractions of the studied areas requires knowledge of different aspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geotourism potential and analyze the competitiveness of geotouristic areas of Sarein city (Bileh Daragh, Darband Vergehsaran and, Alvares).

This descriptive- analytical comparative study was conducted through field method in the geotouristic areas of Sarein city (Bileh Daragh, Darband Vergehsaran and, Alvares) in summer of 2019. 102 tourists and experts who had traveled to the geotourist study areas (23 tourists and 11 experts for each of the study areas) were selected by simple random sampling method and completed the research questionnaires. The Hadzic model was used to evaluate the geotourism potential and the Pavolova model was used to evaluate the competitiveness potential.

The geotourism potential in Bileh Daragh and Darband Vergehsaran was equal to 39.22 and 24.44 respectively and in moderate level and in Alvarez was equal to 55.55 and in good level. Also Bileh Daragh with numerical value of 1.16 and Darband Vergehsaran with numerical value of 1.20 had satisfactory competitiveness and Alvarez with numerical value of 1.43 had good and suitable competitiveness.

Alvarez tourist area in terms of geotourism potential and competitiveness compared to Bilesh Daragh and Darband Vergehsaran areas has good potentials to attract tourists to Sarein city.

Considering ecological sensitivity of Biosphere Reserves (BR) and their educational and aesthetic values and popularity for nature-tourism, the assessment of carrying capacity (CC) is important issue in tourism management and control of visitors flow in such areas. The aim of the present study was to assess the CC of nature-tourism in Ashooradeh Island (east of Miankeleh BR) in the north of Iran.

Using official maps of the region and extensive field surveys, 346 ha were selected out of 456 ha of the total tourism zones in Ashooradeh as useful and usable areas for visitors. IUCN formulas were used to calculate Physical (PCC), Real (RCC), and Effective (ECC) carrying capacity which determined by ecological, social and managerial characteristics of the region. In addition, 12 limiting factors were applied for better and effective calculations (including climate conditions, tourism infrastructure, ecological characteristics, and social issues).

For 346 ha of extensive and intensive tourism zones of Ashooradeh, the PCC, RCC, and ECC were 536000, 42529, and 6778 visitors per day, respectively. It is obvious that ECC was less than the others (about 16% of RCC) and presents the real number of visitors.

Ashooradeh Island has suitable potential for nature-tourism, but considering its current management conditions, it is suggested that less nature tourists visit the region.

Most of the cities in Iran are deteriorated and inefficient. Deterioration penetrates urban realms in both partial and complete ways. In the realms of deteriorated fabric, the human, financial, economic, social, and cultural capitals of the country are at risk due to unexpected events. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the urban public realms in the deteriorated fabrics of Tabriz district 8.

This correlational descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 50 experts and elites of Tabriz municipality in district 8 of Tabriz in 2019, who were selected by random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that evaluated public urban realms with perceptual, social, physical, and functional components in the form of 18 variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software using one-sample T, and Pearson correlation tests, and multiple regression analysis.

The 18 variables were able to explain 98% of the variance of urban public realms in the deteriorated fabric (R2=0.980). The variables of performance and activity mixing and activity compatibility had a much more significant effect in predicting the dependent variable than other variables so that a change in the standard deviation of performance and activity mixing and activity compatibility caused the change of standard deviation of the dependent variable at the rate of 83% and 77%, respectively.

The social component has the most influence on the deterioration of Tabriz district eight and the functional and perceptual features are in the second and third ranks. Variables of performance and activity mixing and activity compatibility have more share compared to other variables in the prediction of the deterioration of Tabriz district 8.

Since the 1980s, with the ever-increasing superiority of neoliberalism views and declining government investment in public affairs, the functional and ownership roles of the government in the economy have diminished and the role of non-governmental institutions, companies and forces in managing and producing space has increased, which weakened the independent influence of government-affiliated institutions in the management and planning of the territorial space. The purpose of this study was to present a new classification of government functions and how to study it in the management and planning of the territorial space in the framework of the neoliberal perspective with reference to valid theoretical documents. This research is of theoretical type and the data were collected by documentary and library methods and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method based on inferential approach.

Since spatial planning is affected by profit-oriented economic motivation based on free trade, the government lacks an independent position and function in spatial planning management. In this regard, government institutions seek to expand and continue the cycle of making more profitable talented areas and facilitate the faster return of capital through tax policies and coordination with the wishes of companies and economic institutions only through spatial management planning. In the formulation of land management policies by governments in the neoliberal model, different regions in the subdivision of the land level do not have the same value in attracting capital, and spatial polarization in population, movement, and activity in the territorial space will always exist. On this basis, land management in the neoliberal model has led to the importance of the concept of leveling, ranking, and decline of the concept of spatial justice, which is considered in the Keynesian model in land management studies.

Institutionalism fundamentally addresses the fact that each geographical space has its own institutional and indigenous content and therefore its development path should be separate. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural factors affecting institutional development in rural areas of Buin Zahra and Avaj counties.

This research is a combination of survey and analytical-structural methods. In order to determine the study area, 18 villages were selected from a total of 190 villages with more than 20 households in Buin Zehra and Avaj counties by distributing clusters according to the distance and proximity of the village to the city and the population. The sample size was 378 people by Cochranchr('39')s method. In order to explain and analyze the factors affecting institutional development in the study area, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), structural equation modeling and TOPSIS technique were used.

Satisfaction with the performance of existing institutions in the village, knowledge and awareness of the nature, duties of institutions, institutional trust, social solidarity, human capacity, social networks and incentives and institutional capacity had an important impact on the institutional development of rural areas. There was also a difference in terms of institutional development between villages with high populations; so that, 22.2% (4 villages) were at the privileged level, 33.4% (6 villages) were at the semi-privileged level and 44.4% (8 villages) were at the highly privileged level. The reason for this was the proximity to urban centers after road and population indicators.

Considering the institutional development coefficients, it can be claim that the level of institutional development of rurals decreases from the southeast and the center to the west and away from the city center.

Mashhad is a city with historical neighborhoods that once housed many valuable houses. But due to changing lifestyles, development plans, economic changes, etc., a large part of the valuable texture of the city has changed over time. Therefore, if we follow the path of the idea of preserving and updating the past by creating creativity and sensitivity, traditional buildings can become a source of inspiration for the development of contemporary architecture that is responsible for local cultural processes. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to introduce and propose the components and indicators of indigenous patterns of Mashhad city.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected by library method and in some cases using survey through completing the questionnaire by experts. So, using the foundationchr('39')s data approach and using Maxqda10 software, the components and indicators of interest in indigenous houses were extracted and then, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the component of indigenous patterns was determined and weighted.

The priority of the component of indigenous patterns affecting Mashhad city housing were privacy, introversion, avoidance of vanity, populism and communication with nature, comprehensiveness and unity-orientation, self-sufficiency, semantic-human and continuity and the component of patterns with a high score of 0.1 including privacy, introversion, avoidance of vanity, populism and communication with nature were introduced and selected as the component of lasting indigenous patterns of Mashhad city respectively.

The component of patterns of privacy, introversion, avoidance of vanity, populism and communication with nature are in the first to fifth ranks of the components of lasting indigenous patterns of Mashhad city.

Lack of housing and its low quality has always been one of the main problems in Iran. The growth of the countrychr('39')s population in recent decades, extensive displacements, and the improper adopted policies and management in this area have caused problems that demand serious attention. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the housing problems by the Delphi method and Shannon technique.

This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a consecutive analytical and exploratory strategy conducted in 2019 with the opinion of 10 senior managers and officials and seven university professors aware of the field of housing in Mashhad. A combination of the Delphi method and Shannon entropy technique was used to analyze the data.

A model with four components of design, managerial, implementation, and economic and 32 indicators was developed that using the Shannon technique, the design component with a weight of 0.03133 placed in the first rank, the managerial component with a weight of 0.03127 was in the second rank, the economic component with a weight of 0.03126 was in the third rank, and the implementation component with a weight of 0.03108 was in the fourth rank.

The components of design and management deserve more serious attention than other components. Also, among the 32 indicators examined, "impossibility of owning housing and renting", "worn-out residential fabric", "lack of flexibility in the building", "lack of effective planning in mass production and industrial production", and "lack of attention to building sustainability approaches and using clean energy " are the most critical problems in the field of housing from experts, respectively.

Today, tourism is known as the cleanest and most sustainable industry globally, and tourist satisfaction as one of the most critical factors in the success of this industry has been increasingly considered by researchers and investors in the tourism industry. This study aimed to prioritize the components of regionalism in choosing the field of architectural design to increase tourist satisfaction.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted during the Nowruz holiday in 2019 among 120 tourists from Kang village in Khorasan Razavi province who were selected by stratified sampling method. First, by examining the leading domestic and international texts in the field of concepts related to satisfaction and regional architecture, appropriate indicators for the satisfaction of this style of architecture were determined and categorized. In the next step, two questionnaires were designed to compare pairs of indicators and sub-indicators to analyze the data using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The hierarchical model consisted of 5 leading indicators and 14 sub-indicators. Environmental study acquired the first place with the weight of 0.331, attention to international and regional conditions acquired the second place with the weight of 0.197, attention to the ecology of the region acquired the third place with the weight of 0.180, attention to traditions acquired the fourth place with the weight of 0.163, and attention to environmental psychology acquired the fifth place with the weight of 0.128.

From the tourists’ point of view in the Kang region, indicators of environmental study, attention to international and regional conditions, and attention to the ecology of the region are the first to third priorities, respectively.

The valuable personality trait that has attracted so much attention today is organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, organizational trust is one of the important factors that influence organizational citizenship behavior. The foundation of all values and behaviors in the organization is moral values, and managers must always consider the highest ethical standards in their organization. The purpose of this study was to design the effect of organizational trust management with an ethical intelligence approach on organizational citizenship behavior.

This research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and hybrid (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method. The statistical population was all employees of financial and credit institutions active in Khorasan Razavi province (13 institutions with 453 branches) in October 2015, 336 of whom were selected by the two-stage cluster sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire whose face validity and reliability by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Delphi technique, Exploratory factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling.

The relationship between ethical intelligence and organizational trust management and organizational citizenship behavior was significant and ethical intelligence had a 79% effect on organizational trust management and a 67% effect on organizational citizenship behavior. The relationship between organizational trust management and organizational citizenship behavior was also significant, and organizational trust management explained 84% of organizational citizenship behavior (p<0.0001).

Organizational trust management with the approach of ethical intelligence and ethical intelligence alone has a role in explaining the variance of organizational citizenship behavior.