نشریه نظریه و عمل در برنامه درسی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

In the new internship program for Iranian Teacher Educaton Courses, a key role for the "supervisor" has been taken into account. This paper attempts to recapture the experience of living masters of the Guide, which has experience in implementing all the internship programs (1-4) that participated in its first implementation, through an interview with 26 people in 11 provinces of the country. The basis of this is the image of the internship program. The experience of this group shows that internship programs have been "accepted" and have been able to help develop student literacy competences, increase the ability of guidance teachers, and even improve the knowledge of guidance professors. However, the implementation of the first part of this program is accompanied by problems of implementation and support, and the professors of the internship guide believe that "the new internship program should be maintained" and, in some respects, "be amended".

Curriculum theorizing is the methodology of the theory development. We recognize, two approaches to curriculum theorizing; explanation and understanding. Explanation resemble the processes of theorizing like natural scientist does and understanding is an approach to theorizing with its personal engagement consideration, uniqueness evolve from the complexity of and unrepeatable educational phenomena. In this article, two main ideas, objectivism-reductionism, subjectivism-mystrianism and a branch of the second idea so called; conceptualism are examined. It is argued that all three ideas are corresponding with the explanation or understanding and so their deficiency in human life is determined. It is argued that neurophenomenology could be considered as a remedy for the fragmental deficiency and incompetence of the current dominant positions in curriculum theorizing. We called the neurophenomenology inspired theorizing as; "understanding explanation" and explain it in reference to the Varrellas, Varelachr('39')s methodology of reciprocal constraints.

In this research we investigated female elementary students’ level of mastery over science and mathematics content and explained the nature of relationship between students’ level of mastery and learnability of content in science and mathematics. 914 female students of public senior elementary schools in Kashan were recruited. The needed data for fourth and fifth graders were gathered through researcher-made tests; the data related to sixth graders were gathered through standard exams taken from the students of this grade in the end of semester. Content validity of tests was verified by connoisseur teachers in each grade and was confirmed by structural equation modelling. For explaining the quantitative findings, we implemented 9 interviews with experienced and expert teachers which were selected through purposeful sampling method. The main analysis revealed that students learning is significantly lower than the mastery level in almost half of the science syllabus and all of the mathematics syllabus.

The main question of this study is that: “what are the reference characteristics of language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School on the base of theoretical framework and the related practices of some education systems in the field of language arts curriculum and instruction”. The subsidiary question is that: “from the viewpoint of Farsi language arts practitioners and language arts curriculum experts in primary school, which of these characteristics are valid and trustworthy for applying in developing the Farsi language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School. In the first step through a descriptive inquiry and research synthesis to study the theoretical framework and related experiences and practices in a few education systems, including: Japan, some states in United States of America and Finland, the reference characteristics of language arts curriculum in the first-cycle of Primary School and its consisted components are elicited.

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between algebra content formation in mathematics textbooks and the mathematics teachers’ current knowledge. Based on this aim, we have considered three subjects: 1. mathematics teachers’ current knowledge of algebra, 2. the beginning and presentation methods of algebra content on the number of selected previous textbooks and 3.the role of previous textbooks content in teacher knowledge forming. Research Methodology had been a survey, content analysis, and historical and documentary analysis. This study showed that the teacherschr('39') knowledge and teaching methods do not coincide with the algebra content of the current seventh-grade mathematics textbook, and about 30% of teachers’ knowledge is based on the experiences of the previous textbooks.

The present study aimed at identifying the challenges of “descriptive evaluation” program launched by the Ministry of Education in Iran in 2004, nationwide. The research was designed through employing qualitative approach and phenomenography to better understand the challenges which elementary teachers had with evaluation of “mathematics” as one of the subject matters. The participants of the study were 24 elementary teachers who voluntarily participated in this study.  The data were collected through semi- structured interviews, a focus group and researchers’ field notes and their interactive discussions about interviews and focus group. Four main categories of challenges were identified: “policy- making”, “executive- education”, “conceptual” and “social- cultural”. It is concluded that a clearer picture of challenges that elementary teachers encounter with this program while teaching mathematics needs to be presented. It is necessary for policy- makers and planners to find more rational solutions for these challenges.

The study aimed to design an appropriate model for entrepreneurship implementation in technical-professional schools of West Azerbaijan province. The research method, was qualitative based on grounded theory. So, the systematic approach of grounded theory was used along with comparative study, document inquiry, and research findings. Finally triangulation of resulted data and semi-structured interviews implemented. Sampling method was purposeful and continued until data saturation that ended with 12 interviewees. Finally there was an appropriate model including six main categories with subcategories and concepts; the significance of factors such as: inward, outward and demographical changes, cooperative actions, individual traits, organizational, economic, and cultural facilitators, motivation and attitude, human resources, , work force, policy making, space and possibilitieschr('39')  challenges were confirmed. It is recommended to define the policies regarding production and fundraising in technical-professional schools more flexible and regard to local needs and facilities.

The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate e-learning based on the third and fourth Paradigms of Kashmanchr('39')s theory. The research method was quasi-experimental and mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti Medical Education Faculty of Tehran was selected by sampling method available to students of medical education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of satisfaction, motivation and period test. Their reliability was calculated 86%, 86% and 83%, respectively. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using multi-variable covariance analysis, Tukey post hoc test and maxquda12 software. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the design was based on the third and fourth paradigms in comparison with the existing methods from the viewpoint of the students of the medical education faculty in all three variables of development, motivation and satisfaction.

The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of the curriculum for job empowerment of mentally retarded children. The applied approach is qualitative and research synthesis, which was done. The results of this study showed that the general objectives of teaching mentally retarded children can be categorized into four categories: the comprehensive development of mentally retarded children; the establishment of useful and effective relationships with others; the acceptance of social responsibility; the economic adequacy; and, consequently, the content of the curriculum content for children Subjective mental retardation was presented. Also, the results showed that only one teaching method cannot meet the needs of the mentally retarded children in a comprehensive manner, so teachers can use different teaching methods and the method of functional measurement with the evaluation of effective reference criteria is the most effective method of evaluating the knowledge gained by these children.

comparative study was to evaluate Farhangian University internship program (intended program) from the perspective of global experience. For this purpose, the elements of this program were compared separately with the elements of the internship program of three countries, Australia, Canada and Singapore, and the collected data were analyzed. This study, which was carried out within a comparative framework and using the range model, in one phase and the inferential analytical method in another phase. The findings showed that the internship program of three countries including Singapore, Canada and Australia, have a lot in common regarding many elements; despite the cultural, geographical diversity. But data indicated a great distance between these three countries and the internship program of Iran (Farhangian University). These differences are very evident in the objectives, content, determination of the role and responsibility of tutors, the element of time and assessment.

In the new perspectives of the curriculum, informal and lived experiences of students are as valuable as formal and planned experiences. The main purpose of this research is to examine the experience and meaning of good life in informal curriculum. To this purpose, the experience and meaning of a good life for students through Instagram mediation were examined. To achieve this goal, grounded theory method was considered appropriate and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 female high school students in Izeh city. Findings in nine categories: celebrity, extremes and imitation, pleasant mental feeling, flow experience, academic failure, family relationships, physical and mental harm, finding a career path and gaining skills and four conceptual classes of orientations, behaviors, experiences And the performances.it represents a experience and meaning hedonistic and   preference-satisfaction of good life for students.