نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 52، مهر 1399)

Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent mental disorders that cause a high burden for patient and the society. Identifying variables that affect depression and anxiety can be useful in managing and reducing symptom severity in these disorders. The present study was performed to examine the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and depression/anxiety symptoms. Five hundred and twenty eight participants (274 females, 254 males) were asked to complete the Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The results indicated that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the observed data. Other oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and difficulty in emotion regulation showed a significantly positive correlation with depression and anxiety symptoms. Path analysis indicated that the relation between dimension of perfectionism and depression/anxiety symptoms mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that dimension of perfectionism and difficulties in emotion regulation can predict severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. It is also concluded that the relationship between perfectionism and depression/anxiety symptoms is not a simple one and difficulties in emotion regulation can play a mediating role in between. Considering these variables may be helpful in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms as well as promoting mental health in general population.

In regard to the epidmy and outbreak of the Coronavirus disease and its unknown dimensions, it seems that the occurrence and prevalence of mental disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder in society, will increase significantly soon. The aim of this study was to review of the exiseting knowlage about obsessive-compulsive disorder and the outbreak of Coronavirus to help primary prevention through education. The findings showed that in regard to obsessive-compulsive disorder and the outbreak of Coronavirus, people could be divided into two general categories: non-OCD people and OCD people. In addition, they could be place in four group: non-predisposed, predisposed, treated, and non-treated. Among these four group, the condition of untreated OCD people seems more worrying than others. In short, in deal with of each these people could be implement the following methods reassuring to the non-predisposed people, testing and educating the predisposed people, revival, preservation, and strengthening the therapeutic gains for the treated OCD people, and ultimately about non-treated people, removig the stigma, and immediate referchr('39')s them to the therapy. In the text discusses more about how to deal with each of these people.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing suicidal ideation in students with major depressive disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all second grade female students of of high schools in Tehran city in the academic year of  2018-2019. After initial assessment using BDI-II scale, a total of 30 female students were selected using purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received 8 mindfulness-based cognitive therapy protocols for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week); the control group was on the waiting list. The Beck Suicide Questionnaire (1989) was used for data collection in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in suicidal thoughts. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors use the results of this study to reduce the suicidal ideation in students.

In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout China. The spread of Covid-19 was unique due to its rapid transmission, which created an emergency situation in global health in less than a few months around the world. It not only causes general health concerns, but also causes a number of psychological illnesses, including anxiety, fear, depression, labeling, avoidance behaviors, irritability, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder.  In this research, with an analytical approach and collecting the results of the latest findings of recent studies on the subject of research, the anxiety caused by corona and its psychological consequences in the community was addressed in order to clarify the importance of this issue, and smooth psychological interventions in a timely manner.

Given the importance of marital commitment in the health and stability of the family system, it is important to identify the factors affecting it. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of marital intimacy in the relationship between moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence with marital commitment. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population was married women referred to Cultural Center in Tehran in 1398. A total of 338 persons were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), Moral Competency Inventory (MCI), Spiritual Intelligence Self- Report Inventory (SISI), and Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS). Structural equation modeling was conducted for analyze. The results showed that the direct effect of moral intelligence P <0.01) and spiritual intelligence on marital intimacy (P <0.01) were significantly positive. Finally, the results showed that marital intimacy has mediation role in the relationship between moral intelligence and marital commitment (P <0.05) and between spiritual intelligence and marital commitment (P <0.05). Overall, the present study emphasizes the mediating role of marital intimacy. So, along with boosting moral intelligence and spiritual intelligence, it can enhance marital commitment by helping to promote marital intimacy.

In this research, the role of family communication orientation, teacher-student interaction and personality traits in predicting the happiness of students investigated. The participants of the research were 224 male and female high school students in Shiraz who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The tools used in the research include the Oxford Happiness Scale (1991), the  Family Relationship Orientation Revised Scale  (Fitz Patrick and Richter, 1994), the Wilson-Teacher - Student Interaction Questionnaire (1993), the scale of five big factor of personality Costas and McCarey (1992). In order to investigate the Multiple regression research model was used SPSS software. The results showed that Dialogue orientation (P ≤0.01), neuroticism (P ≤0.01) and extroversion (P ≤0.05) be able to predict meaningful of happiness, But other dimensions could not predict happiness meaningfully. Regarding the role of happiness in studentschr('39') health, one can emphasize the need for happiness education to improve student mental and social health.

Homosexuals face many social and psychological challenges compared to heterosexuals and have a higher prevalence of mental disorder, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in Iranian gay men. The method was  descriptive analytical method. The participants was all homosexual men in Tehran, 200 out of them were selected as the sample using the convenience sampling method from Amin Behavioral Diseases Center. Data were performed in two sections of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Mann-Whitney test and at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 24 software. The findings showed that more than 50 percent of the members experienced different levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Also Mann-Whitney test showed having an emotional partner can reduce the percentage of depression in these people (MWU=3762, Z= -2/4, P=0/02), but there was no significant difference on peoplechr('39')s anxiety and stress (P>0/05). the higher prevalence of mental disorder in homosexuals may be due to discrimination, social restrictions, sexual orientation or other factors that not researched. It is recommended that researchers take steps to identify the causation of challenges and disorders in homosexuals and to develop an indigenous scientific approach to helping them with psychological problems.

This research was aimed to investigating the effect of teaching academic group counseling on the sense of connectedness with school and academic engagement of students. The research is a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design and control group.The statistical population of the study consisted of all first grade female high school students in the second semester of Mashhad in the second semester of 2017-18. 30 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the two experimental and control groups in equal proportions. The 8-minute, 8-minute (1 session per week) training program was implemented as a group on the experimental group, The control group was put in the waiting list. In order to gather information, questionnaires belonging to Barry et al. (2004) and Pintrich et al.chr('39')s (1991) academic enthusiasm were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings from the analysis of research data showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of experimental and control groups in the variables of school sense and academic desire. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to increase the sense of belonging to the school academic enthusiasm, the educational counseling program should be considered as a useful intervention by school counselors.

Clinical and empirical evidence confirming the relationship between core shame and psychopathology types has shown that core shame is the cause of many mental disorders, in this regard investigating the origin of this emotion in the preventive direction and also studying underlying factors for treatment is important. In this paper, by a theoretical review of the causes and origins of this emotion, as well as the study of research related to the relationship between psychological pathology and core shame, tried to address the underlying factors of this disorder and its educational results. Then, appropriate techniques for prevention and treatment were presented. Given the relationship between core shame and many psychological pathologies, it is important to study and evaluate this influential emotion by mental health professionals in order to use effective treatment techniques to reduce it in the psychotherapy process.

The use of humour in couple relationships is one of the constructive methods that help them to regulate their emotion. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of humour communication skills training in changing positive and negative emotions evoked during the conflict in couples with secure-insecure anxious attachment style. The present study is an experimental design with two experimental and control groups in which each group was evaluated four times. The statistical population in this study includes all couples living in Tehran in 1398. The sample size consisted of 20 couples (10 couples with a secure-insecure anxious attachment style for the experimental group and 10 couples with the same attachment style for the control group) who they were purposefully selected based on the including and excluding criteria, to participate in the study and then randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups and evaluated through a positive and negative affect scale and adult attachment questionnaire. 4*2 between-group repeated measure analysis of variance results showed that positive humour training reduces negative emotions (F = 38.97, P <0.05, Ƞ = 0.51) evoked during the conflict in couples with secure-insecure anxious attachment style, It also increases positive emotions (F = 47.95, P <0.05, Ƞ = 0.56). Based on the results of the present study, in order to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions during the conflict in couples, counsellors and therapists are advised to teach their clients the skills of positive humour and avoidance of negative humour.

Happiness comes from human judgment about how to live. Self-efficacy is the personchr('39')s belief and judgment of own ability to perform a particular task, and parenting styles are the methods that parents use to raise their children. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between parenting styles and happiness in female students. The statistical population of this study was all the girls who applied for the University Entrance Exam of Ardakan city in the academic year of 2017-2018, when 515 people were reported. Using the Karajsi and Morgan tables, the sample size of 260 people was selected by multistage cluster random sampling. Research tools included Robinsonchr('39')s Parenting Style Questionnaires (2001), Shererchr('39')s General Self-Efficacy (1982), and Oxford Happiness (1976). Data analysis showed that the research model had a suitable fit. According to the findings, the authoritative parenting style had a positive direct effect on self-efficacy and happiness. Permissive parenting style had a negative direct effect on self-efficacy and authoritarian parenting style had a negative direct effect on happiness. Self-efficacy had it’s the mediating role between the Parenting styles and happiness. Therefore, parenting style could change the happiness of adolescents by affecting  on self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was the prediction of academic resilience based on academic engagement with the mediating role of sense of belonging to school in students. This is a descriptive- correlation research. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary school students in district 2nd Tehran city in 2018-2019. The sample size was 150 subjects based on formula Plant who were selected by cluster sampling method. The tools were used included Samuels’s academic resilience questionnaire (2004), academic engagement scale of Reeve (2013) and sense of belonging to school questionnaire of Brew, Beatty & Watt (2004). Evaluation of the proposed model with path analysis using SPSS and AMOS-24 software was done. The indirect relationships were tested by using the bootstrapping procedure in Preacher and Hayes Macro command. The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data. Overall, the results showed all the direct paths of academic engagement and sense of belonging to school with academic resilience were significant. Also, results showed indirect path academic engagement with academic resilience, through the moderating role of sense of belonging to school. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the relationship between academic engagements with academic resilience is not a simple linear association and it is influenced and mediating by the sense of belonging to school.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Many factors are involved in the risky behaviors of students, including lack of skills to cope with difficult living conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion treatment on happiness and resiliency of students with high-risk behaviors. The design of this study is experimental and pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in Semirom who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 in each group). Self-compassion treatment was administered only to the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive such intervention. The instruments used in this study were Iranian Students Risk Scale (IARS); Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and Resiliency Scale (CD-RIS). Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. Self-compassion treatment was effective on the resiliency and happiness of students (p <0.01). Based on the results of the present study, the use of self-compassion treatment had a significant impact on the lives of students with high-risk behaviors and improved their resilience and happiness.

The aim of this study was to predict the marriage desire based on premarital Relationship attitude by control the role of gender and the experience of relationship with the opposite sex. The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all single students of Qom Payame Noor University to a number of 5000 people in the 2019-2020 Academic year and according to Morgan table, 357 people were selected by available sampling method, according to the loss of 36 people, 321 were selected as statistical sample. To collect the data were used the marriage desire questionnaire (Heydari et al, 2004) and premarital attitude relationships questionnaire (Kordloo, 2001). To analyze the data were used descriptive statistical indicators (Frequency, Average and SD), Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and single variable regression by SPSS-25 software. The results showed that premarital relationship attitude can predict marital desire, Also the relationship between premarital attitude and desire for marriage was affected by gender and experience of relationship with the opposite sex (p< 0/01). Recommended to be present educations on the role of premarital relationships for preventing reluctance to marry single students

This research is aimed at investigating the effect of white noise on elementary students’ anxiety. The research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The population includes all the students of secondary elementary of Bavi city in the first semester of the academic year 2019-20. Out of the mentioned population, 40 students were selected by Multi-stage cluster sampling , and they were randomly assigned to two groups including the experimental group (20 people) and control group (20 people). In the experimental group, the subjects participated in seven 45-min exam sessions of different courses by playing white noise. Data collection was done by using Test Anxiety Inventory (Abolghasemi et al, 1996), and data analysis was done by univariate analysis of covariance. The findings suggest that by controlling the effect of pretest, there is a significant difference in the mean posttest scores of the test anxiety in the experimental group (P˂0.05). According to the results, It is recommended that white noise be used to reduce the anxiety of exam students in elementary school as well as to create peace of mind in educational situations.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic on preschool children’s cognitive function. The subjects were 40 preschool children who were selected through cluster random sampling method and assigned to experimental (20 subjects) and control groups (20 subjects). The experimental group participated in 12 sessions (3 sessions per weekly) aerobic trainings. Research data was collected by Goodenough IQ test (DAP) and Analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the effect of kids aerobic training in cognitive function was significant (p<0/05). According to the results, it’s likely that kids aerobic is one of the ways that help to increase cognitive function in preschool children.

In conditions such as the prevalence of COVID-19, many people experience many concerns, including disease anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of case virtual reality therapy on corona anxiety. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with the control group, pre-test and post-test with random assignment. The statistical population of the present study included all Ardakanian men and women with corona anxiety in 1398. 18 participants were selected Withpurposive sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (9 participants in the experimental and 9 in the control group). Participants responded to the Corona Disease Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour, et al, 2020) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received case virtual reality therapy intervention in 6 sessions of one hour and three sessions per week, while the control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of covariance. The results showed that mean scores of corona anxiety and its psychological and physical dimensions in the experimental group were significantly decreased in the post-test (p <0.001). Based on the results of the study, case virtual reality therapy can be considered as an effective intervention in reducing the psychological problems of people with corona anxiety.

The present study aimed to compare the executive functions and emotional impulsivity between adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit and normal adults. This research was ex post facto design. The study population was patients referred to the center of counseling and psychotherapy in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit and 30 normal adults) selected by available sampling. To collect the data were used from Canner′s adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity questionnaire, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, N-Back test, and Rey Complex Figure Test. To analyze the data was used multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the scores of executive functions in the fields of planning, inhibition, and working memory in normal adults were significantly higher than those of adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficits. This studychr('39')s results showed that scores of emotional impulsivity components of premeditation, persistence, and urgency in normal adults were significantly lower than adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit. But there was no significant difference in sensation seeking between the two groups According to the findings of this study can be concluded that adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with normal adults have more impairments in executive function (planning, inhibition, and working memory) and emotional impulsivity (premeditation, persistence, and urgency). But there was no difference in sensation seeking Between the two groups. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Any stimulus that enters one of the dimensions of a human being puts pressure on other dimensions as well. People are constantly faced with physical, social and psychological changes in the environment and must interact with them to adapt. Diabetes disrupts the bodychr('39')s biological and psychological interaction, requiring a person to adapt to the disease. The aim of the present study was to review psychological methods related to adaptation to diabetes. The present study was a narrative review study. The search was performed using the keywords of diabetes, self-care, and adaptation in specific databases such as Medline, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. After reviewing the criteria for entering and leaving, articles that were not directly related to the topic in question, as well as articles with duplicate findings were omitted. The review of studies showed that self-care is a range of behaviors of a person on diet, medication, exercise and so on, which is influenced by individual and social factors and indicates how well a person is adopted with a chronic illness such as diabetes. Psychological factors and principles not only affect different aspects of the life of people with diabetes, but also affect their self-care and management behaviors and achieve proper control in these people.

Rheumatic disorders are among the most prevalent chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and they can affect a wide range of age groups. Encompassing a large number of arthritis and autoimmune diseases, they can affect the bones, joints, and other components of the musculoskeletal system, causing morbidity or disability with resultant healthcare utilization. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review and Qualitative meta-analysis on the Principles and methods of adaptation to Rheumatic disorders. The data in this qualitative meta-analysis was all articles and theses related to keywords and in line with the purpose of the research. All researches that were analyzed and evaluated in the present study included 16 researches. Our analysis of the scientific literature leads us to the conclusions that, rheumatism necessitates adjustment in multiple life domains; both positive and negative indicators of adjustment are relevant; adjustment is not static but rather represents a process that unfolds over time; adjustment cannot be described adequately without reference to the individual’s context; and heterogeneity in adjustment is the rule rather than the exception. The findings of the present study could provide psychologists, counselors, and mental health professionals with the opportunity to discuss and design appropriate treatment protocols to reduce the negative consequences of diabetes, to make more choices for the treatment of various types of cognitive impairment. and the psychology of these patients.