مجله راهبرد سیاسی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 13، تابستان 1399)

With the outbreak of coronary heart disease and then its epidemic crisis, news about this viral disease became the headlines of the world media and became an important topic of the day. Until the 21st century, when a wave of diseases with similar characteristics, such as "SARS", "swine flu" and "Morse" spread to parts of the world, there was no understanding of such issues. International law, as the governing law of the international community, has the task of establishing rules for the regulation of cross-border relations between political units, but the old definitions of this branch of law had lost their comprehensiveness due to the expansion of the scope of subjects and their subjects. In the new works of international law, criteria have been proposed for the appointment of new obligors, but so far no criteria have been stated for its emerging subjects; This is the subject of our discussion in this study because it seems that the corona virus reaching the pandemic stage has made this possible. Basically, this incident showed us that we need to set rules beyond the sovereignty of countries that in cases like this, are considered mandatory not only for countries, but for all actors on the international stage; As we have seen in the treatment of issues such as "human rights" and "environmental rights".

Due to international developments, other governments are no longer considered to be the main actors in the international system, in addition to governments, other informal actors, including universities and international organizations that have a scientific basis. Including the World Health Organization (WHO) - are influential in global policy. In a sense, today we are witnessing unilateral and multilateral sanctions against countries such as Iran, and the use of international mechanisms to remove such restrictions, especially in the context of the global coronavirus epidemic, seems even more necessary. . Since in a coronavirus pandemic situation, governments act nationally but the virus knows no borders, it seems necessary to adopt a platform based on global cooperation. This research is a descriptive-analytical research and library method is used to explain the subject using different approaches. In this research, an attempt is made to address the main opportunities and challenges that "science diplomacy" provides to countries; Finally, the study of what, why and the importance of science and technology diplomacy to create and strengthen integrated health systems as well as capacity building for crisis preparedness, equitable and universal access to quality health services, is considered the most important goal of this paper.

In the years leading up to 2020, the geopolitical regions in South-West Asia, influenced by some geopolitical factors such as the efforts of some Arab countries to form a Military-Arabian Coalescence, has undergone many changes that have increased tensions in the region. The Military-Arabian Coalescence, which is influenced by geopolitical issues in the region, has raised questions of what are the security threats posed by these efforts against the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and what should be Iran's military defense strategy against such efforts? Based on the new theory of realism, the present study seeks to identify and analyze the geopolitical factors influencing this military coalescence, and has tried to investigate the most appropriate strategies for the Islamic Republic of Iran's approach to the formation of such a coalition. The results of the present study showed that Iranian officials need to increase their military capabilities in the face of any threat from the Persian Gulf states, as well as try to take advantage of religious, cultural, economic and political opportunities to reduce the tensions in the Persian Gulf and take mutual trust.

Bahrain is one of the small but important countries in the Persian Gulf region, which is ruled by 30% of the Sunni population, despite the fact that 70% of its population is Shiite, and has been ruled by the Al Khalifa regime for many years. The foreign policy of this country and the structures that shape it is a subject that has not been studied in detail in various research works, so in this article we intend to analyze the structures that shape the foreign policy of this country in detail. In this study, we seek to answer the question: what are the most important structures that shape the interactive-confrontational foreign policy of Bahrain and what is the governing model of the foreign policy of this country? The hypothesis raised in response to this question is that the demographic-cultural, economic, military-security and political structures specific to Bahrain have caused conflicts and interactions in the field of foreign relations of this country and have caused the foreign policy of this country. The country is formed in the transition from interaction to confrontation. The method used in this research is an explanatory method and in order to collect data, the most important documents in libraries, think tanks and also a qualitative survey method have been used.

The concept of hegemony is one of the concepts that has been widely used in the theoretical literature of international relations today. The widespread use of the concept of hegemony in the writings and theoretical literature of international relations led me to trace the lexical and theoretical concept of hegemony to the nature of US hegemony in the post-Cold War international system in theory and practice. The main concern of this paper is how the hegemonic nature of that country can be analyzed in the post-Cold War international system based on US foreign policy approaches. In response, I would like to focus on the foreign policy approaches of the United States and the three meanings of hegemony. Greek hegemony, Jackson’s approach in the Bush era; Gramsci's hegemony, Jefferson's approach in the Barack Obama era, and Greek hegemony, Hamilton's approach in the Donald Trump era. Therefore, in this regard, I will explain the subject using the library method according to the descriptive-analytical approach.

Energy plays a fundamental role in the life of the industrial economy of societies, and when sufficient energy is available, economic development will be possible. Foreign policy and international politics are shaped by various factors. One of the requirements for development in the country is to adopt appropriate diplomacy in order to ensure energy security. Undoubtedly, fossil resources have played an undeniable role in the development of industry and, by its nature, the growth of societies. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question that what effect does the improvement of energy policy (fossil fuels) have on Iran's security? Fossil fuels and sustainable access to these resources in the form of energy security are among the most important factors in measuring the power of countries in the international system. Decision-making in the policy sector proves Iran's hypothesis can improve security by diversifying the primary energy portfolio and using renewable energy.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran brought about a serious change in international relations. With this development, current theories in international relations failed to analyze Iran's foreign policy. Because with the victory of the Islamic Revolution, a new element called religion entered the field of foreign policy. A factor that none of these theories could analyze its role. To address this shortcoming, constructivist theory was born from the Fourth Debate on International Relations. However, because it has Western foundations, it is not able to analyze Iran's foreign policy in all areas of international relations. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an Islamic, critical and revisionist approach requires the presentation of a native and Islamic theory. In this regard, the Islamic theory of international relations is the best window to analyze and explain Iran's foreign policy in the direction of the nation-centered and the establishment of a just world order. By identifying the 14 principles of Islamic theory of international relations, this study seeks to answer the fundamental question of how the application of Islamic theory of international relations to analyze and explain the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is possible?

Due to its geopolitical position, the Persian Gulf has long been considered by world powers and today, as one of the most important regions in the world, plays an important role in energy production, so trying to influence this region is one of the strategic policies of power. Has become global and the US presence in the region has been explained in this regard. Using descriptive and analytical methods and relying on library resources, the present study seeks to answer the question, what will be the future strategy of the United States and the future of this government in the Persian Gulf region? The result is that; US policy in the Persian Gulf seems to be changing, and US politicians intend to take a new approach instead of using policies that have cost them dearly and led to the loss of US capital. To pursue policies that, in addition to securing their long-term interests, resolve domestic problems arising from foreign policy. Therefore, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the main players in the Persian Gulf region, seeks to play a more effective role in the region by using its political, cultural and economic capacities and taking advantage of the requirements ahead.

This study tries to examine the role of intellectuals of the constitutional era in the formation of the public sphere and to answer the question of why Iranian intellectuals have not been able to turn a critical dialogue culture as a prelude to democracy in Iran into a public phenomenon. ? Findings of this study Using analytical, descriptive method and using library collection, it has been concluded that the authoritarian nature of government in Iran, the power of the powerful to dominate their votes, dominance and addressing the subordinates and appearances instead of the principle and foundation by intellectuals. This historical (constitutional) period prevented the culture of dialogue from becoming a critical prelude to democracy in Iran.

National interests are the main essence of international politics and power is also the main tool in achieving goals. It is necessary to pay attention to the relations between the United States and the European Union and to examine their positions. In the present study, which is forward-looking in terms of research design, after conducting the necessary analysis on the positions of European and American officials and politicians and conducting content analysis, in 3 general sections as 9 scenarios in relation to the areas of convergence and The divergence of the two great powers is addressed by 2030. The general parts of the scenario are: future developments in the structure of the international system, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, the Middle East, and the Arab-Israeli peace process. The results show that the convergent and divergent dimensions of the EU-US relationship depend on their area of ​​interest. Areas with common interests will converge and areas with conflicting interests will see divergence.