مجله سلامت و سالمندی خزر
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Aging and inactivity are two main factors in reducing the self-esteem of the elderly. Self-esteem plays a role in human’s emotional, social and psychological adjustment, which becomes more important during elderly age. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a course of massage-yoga combination on the self-esteem of the elderly women in 2017.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of this study consisted of elderly women in the centers of Farhikhtegan and Jahandidehgan Senior Sanatoria of Shahrekord. The study sample consisted of 30 elderly women aged 60-85 years who had the criteria to enter the study and were purposefully selected, which were randomly divided into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. Rosenbergchr('39')s self-esteem questionnaire was used as a tool in this study. For eight weeks, the members of the experimental group underwent three sessions (40 minutes) each week under the supervision of a massage and yoga specialist. After a month, the follow-up test was taken. In order to investigate the research hypothesis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was applied.

Totally, 76.6% of the elderly were housewives, 26.6% were retired, 56.6% were alone, 23.3% lived with their children and 20% lived with their spouses. Based on the results of MANCOVA, the self-esteem scores increased in the posttest and follow-up stages in experimental group than controls. The results also showed that after eight weeks of the massage-yoga combination program, the difference between the scores of two groups was significant in the posttest (p = 0.001) and follow-up (p = 0.001) stages.

Based on the findings of this study, the combination of massage and yoga can be used as a complementary method to increase self-esteem in the elderly.

With rising age and the beginning of old age, people gradually lose some of their physiological and psychosocial functions. Any approach that can reduce the negative effects of age on cognitive status or reduce the risk of dementia will have a dramatic effect on the quality of life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive status and its relationship with some demographic characteristics in the elderly under the hemodialysis of medical centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 84 elderly people under hemodialysis in 2019. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test whose validity and reliability have been confirmed in the national studies and then were analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) using SPSS 20, considering the significant level of 0.05.

The findings showed that the majority of the elderly under the hemodialysis (64.3%) had mild cognitive impairment. Among the dimensions of the test, the dimension of orientation with the mean score and standard deviation of 9.04 ±1.689 had the highest share; and the construction dimension with the mean score and standard deviation of 0.62 ±0.488 had the lowest share in cognitive status of these patients. The findings also indicated a significant difference between the cognitive status and some demographic characteristics of the elderly under hemodialysis (gender, educational level, marital status and underlying disease) (P < 0.001).

According to the findings of this study, the cognitive status of the elderly under hemodialysis is affected by some demographic characteristics such as gender, level of education, marital status and underlying disease. Awareness of the results of this research can be considered by the authorities to provide the necessary background to improve the cognitive status of the elderly through planning and providing the necessary arrangements.

Considering the role of ethics in the field of nursing, performing interventions related to professional ethics from the student period is an undeniable necessity and has a significant role in improving the quality of patientschr('39') medical services. The aim of this study was to review the interventions related to professional ethics in nursing students.

This narrative review study was conducted to search interventional articles without time limit in Pub Med, Ovid, IranMedex, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Elsevier and Science Direct databases with Persian and English keywords such as ethical codes, nursing students and nursing ethics. After searching from 1980 to 2020, 34 articles were found, of which15 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. These studies were analyzed in 5 steps based on a review framework of Sidani & Braden’s articles.

The content of the interventions was done in 3 areas: "Ethics in general", "Identification of ethical problems" and "Ethical empowerment". In all studies, standard tools such as the Ethical Environment Scale, Corley’s Moral Distress Scale and Ethical Sensitivity Scale were used to collect information. According to the results of the studies, educational interventions lead to improve studentschr('39') knowledge, attitudes and practices related to ethical codes as well as improve outcomes related to the patient and organization.

The findings showed that the interventions related to professional ethics lead to the implementation of ethical codes for nursing students in the clinical setting. Therefore, administrators and professors of nursing schools can improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing students by holding training workshops for students.

The concept of healthy ageing has become important in daily life, academic world and ageing health policy making. Healthy ageing is a lifelong process of optimizing opportunities for improving and preserving physical, social and mental wellness, independence, and quality of life, as well as enhancing successful life-course transitions. Healthy ageing is beyond the presence or absence of disease, and is affected by a variety of factors. The purpose of this study was to review the physical, psychological, social aspects of healthy ageing.

In this review study conducted in 2020, the keyword of "healthy aging" was searched in "Google Scholar", "PubMed" and "Science Direct" from 2010 to 2020. Finally, 6 articles were reviewed in this study.

The results of the selected studies showed that physical activity, depression, loneliness, participation in leisure activities, perceived health status, ego-integrity, self-achievement, self-esteem, fair self-rated health, age, education, income, health behaviors, social participation, social support network, social support, self-efficacy and health-promoting behavior affected healthy ageing.

Healthy ageing is a multidimensional phenotype and does not merely capture the absence of clinical disease, but also incorporates freedom from physical disability, plus preserved cognitive, affective and social functioning and is affected by factors such as perceived health, ego-integrity, self-achievement and social support network.

Knowledge of physical activity (KPAQ) is very effective in preventing chronic diseases and increasing the quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of face-to-face and electronic educational methods on the KPAQ among the elderly.

This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 88 elderly people referred to Kahrizak Daily Care Center in Karaj, Iran from 2017 to 2018. Participants were randomly divided into educational groups including face-to-face and electronic educational groups as well as a control group. Data collection tools included questionnaires of demographic characteristics and KPAQ, collected in three stages before, 1 and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 at a significant level of 0.05.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of KPAQ in the face-to-face and electronic educational groups (P=0.001). The results of Bonferronichr('39')s post-hoc test indicated a significant difference between the control group with face-to-face and electronic educational groups (P<0.01). The rate of effect size obtained to compare the KPAQ score was 0.89 and 0.87 for face-to-face and electronic educational groups, respectively.

The present study represented that face-to-face educational method was more effective than electronic educational method in improving the KPAQ of the elderly. Therefore, electronic educational method along with face-to-face educational method can be used to improve the KPAQ of the elderly.

The world's population is rapidly aging, and in the meantime, promoting the health and well-being of the elderly, who will make up a large part of the population in the coming years, is one of the most important pillars of society's progress. Evidence suggests that social capital plays an effective role in promoting the general health of the elderly by providing emotional and psychological support. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors of social capital indicators on the general health of the inactive elderly.

This applied, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was performed on 200 inactive elderlies in Lahijan. Data were collected using Goldberg’s General Health questionnaire and standard Nahapiet and Ghoshal questionnaire for measuring social capital variables. The data were analyzed using the Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression test in SPSS 23.

The results showed that the correlation coefficient between general health and institutional trust, interpersonal trust of the elderly, generalized trust and social capital was -0.028, 0.198, 0.136 and 0.150 with regression value of 0.298, respectively, indicating that there was a significant correlation between the set of research variables.

According to the findings on the relationship between social capital and general health, officials in charge of geriatric affairs can have an important role in improving the general health of the elderly by strengthening group and collective activities.

Both the increase of the elderly population in the world and the spread of chronic diseases have enhanced the need for training in the global village. One of these trainings is healthy aging one for the elderly. On the other hand, with the spread of COVID-19, nurseschr('39') communication with clients has decreased in medical and health centers for establishing and implementing training. Therefore, considering that we are in the third millennium of training, presenting, implementing and following-up the impact of using healthy aging software, trained by distance are an important step towards achieving the goals of improving self-care training in the elderly. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using healthy aging software on 60-70-year-old teachers’knowledge of healthy aging and report the results.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 60-70-year-old teachers in 2018-19. The Tonekabon retired teachers were selected by available sampling method. The subjects were divided into two groups of 40 in each -control and training groups- using software. The intervention was performed by providing healthy aging software in the training group. To collect data, the tools including personal information measurement as a test containing 20 four-answer questions with reliability of 0.78, which was responded in the presence of researchers, and satisfaction measurement of using software with reliability of 0.89 were used. Then, the obtained information was analyzed.

This study was performed on 80 subjects with a mean age of 64.33±3.64 in the control group and 62.12±3.6 in the training group using software. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of individual and social characteristics in two groups of control and software training (P>0.05). The knowledge level before and after the intervention was 15.5±1.17 and 16.2±2.12 in the control group as well as 16.34±2.6 and 19.72±1.48 in the training group, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the mean scores of knowledge about healthy aging in the software training group and control before and after the intervention (P = 0.000).

Taking action to produce appropriate software for training the elderly is a step towards increasing the information of the elderly in the protection and prevention of the complications of old age. Thus, nurses help to promote health and prevent aging complications in the elderly by training the elderly clients via the electronic-training method.

Today, depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a strong problem in the life of the elderly. One of the coping factors with depression in the elderly is the issue of hope and resilience in them, which plays an important role in coping with stress and life threats and its adverse effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between resilience and hope with depression in the elderly.

The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included all the elderly in Khorramabad in 2019. The sample size of 357 cases was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection scale included the Depression Inventory of the Elderly of Brink et al. Miller Hope Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and simultaneous regression analysis to determine the predictive role of resilience and hope in the rate of depression in the elderly through SPSS 21.

According to the findings, the participants were in the age range of 60-93 years and of the 357 elderly participants in the study, 148 and 171 cases were male were female, respectively. The spouses of 65 of old adults were not alive. Moreover, 252 people lived with their spouse or family. The results of this study showed that there was a negative and significant correlation between resilience and depression (β= 0.48) and between hope and depression (β=0.71) in the elderly (p<0.001). This means that resilience and hope can predict depression in the elderly and together predict 51% of the variance of depression.

Considering that there is an inverse relationship between resilience and hope with the rate of depression in the elderly, the development of appropriate interventions to increase these two important components in old age seems necessary.