مجله آموزش و سلامت جامعه
سال هفتم شماره 3 (تابستان 1399)

Falls are one of the most common health problems for persons over 60 years old. The elderly person will suffer from physical, mental-psychological, and social problems after falling. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on fear of falling in the elderly people in Ahvaz.

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial which performed on 80 elderly people covered by health centers of Ahvaz in 2018. The samples were selected by multistage random sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire of knowledge assessment and Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Data were analyzed using statistical tests by SPSS 22 software.

The mean score of knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). Also, the mean score of fear of falling in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention with control of the distorting effect of other variables had a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001).

By implementing educational programs, the fear of falling in the elderly is reduced, which can lead to improving their efficiency and quality of life.

High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Social support and adherence to treatment regimen are effective factors in controlling and preventing high blood pressure complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on social support received by the spouse on promoting adherence to treatment regimen in hypertensive patients.

The present experimental study was performed on 120 male patients with primary hypertension with their spouses who referred to the Qom city community health service centers in 2019. The eligible individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of test and control (60 people in each group). The data collection tools included a questionnaire of self-care behaviors, social support, a blood pressure checklist, and a hand pressure gauge. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using statistical tests.

The mean score of adherence to the treatment regimen and social support received by the spouse of subjects increased significantly after the educational intervention in the test group (p<0.001). Also, the mean score of systolic (p=0.007) and diastolic (p<0.001) blood pressure of patients after educational intervention in the two groups of test and control was significantly different.

Education based on spouses social support improves adherence to the treatment regimen and reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Treatment for head lice infestation is sometimes lengthy or ineffective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on the success rate of head lice treatment in resistant to treatment people.

In this semi-experimental study conducted in Qom in 2019, 140 mothers with children resistant to head lice treatment were selected by available sampling method and divided into two groups of intervention and control (70 people in each group) by block randomization. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information and measuring the constructs of the health belief model. For the intervention group, three 75-minute training sessions were conducted during one month through lectures and group discussions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using chi-square and paired t-tests.

Before the educational intervention, the difference between the mean scores of the two groups was significant only in the construct of knowledge (p<0.05). After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups and the mean scores of the intervention group in the constructs of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy increased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05). Also, 100% of the subjects in the intervention group succeeded in complete treatment, but in the control group, only 18.6% had successful treatment (p=0.001).

Educational intervention based on health belief model has a positive effect on the success rate of head lice treatment in resistant patients.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a major health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education based on health belief model on preventive behaviors of hepatitis B disease in health volunteers

In this semi-experimental study which was conducted in Malayer city in 2015, 128 health volunteers from eight Urban Health Centers in this city were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (64 people in each group). Intervention was performed in four 40-minute sessions and data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire after 3 months. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics and constructs of health belief model and performance. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and oneway analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of health belief model constructs (p>0.05). But three months after the intervention, the mean scores of constructs of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, internal and external action guide, self-efficacy, and performance showed significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001).

Education based on health belief model can increase the adoption of preventive behaviors of hepatitis B in the health volunteers.

Stress, depression and anxiety are the most common disorders in adolescence. Given the positive effect of spirituality on mental health, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of spirituality-based educational intervention on mental health in female student health ambassadors.

This semi-experimental study was performed on 39 female student health ambassadors of the first high schools in Tehran (18 subjects in the experimental group and 21 subjects in the control group) in 2020, who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS 21) and the Parsian and Dunning Spirituality Questionnaire. After pre-test in two groups, spirituality-based educational intervention was conducted in the experimental group. 45 days after the intervention, post-test was performed in both groups and the data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance.

Despite the relative improvement, there was no significant differences between the mean scores of spirituality, stress, anxiety and depression in the two groups after the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean score of component of spiritual needs had significant increase in experimental group after the intervention compared to before intervention (p=0.043).

Despite the lack of significant effect of spirituality-based educational intervention on increasing spirituality and reducing stress, anxiety and depression in student health ambassadors, but because the changes occurred in the group of healthy adolescents (physically and mentally), it considerable.

One of the challenges for diabetics is following a treatment regimen. Educating the patient at home increases the ability to take care of themselves. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of home care program on the therapeutic adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Research Center of Hamadan in 2019 who were selected by convenience sampling method. Samples were divided into intervention and control groups using permuted block method (40 people in each group). Educational intervention was performed in home care during two face-to-face sessions and two telephones follow-up. Before and two months after intervention, the questionnaire was completed by both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and Fisherchr('39')s exact test, Chi-square, paired t-tests and one-way analysis of covariance were used.

The mean score of therapeutic adherence was higher in control group than in intervention group, before home care (p<0.001); while after intervention, the mean score of therapeutic adherence significantly increased in intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001).

Implementation of home care program in patients with type 2 diabetes improves the therapeutic adherence of these patients.

In recent years, the trend towards smoking has increased. According to various studies, many factors increase smoking, and understanding the patterns of increase in these behaviors is important for designing prevention policies and programs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the nicotine dependence status and related demographic patterns in cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 366 people of cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city in 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using the Standard Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software using multilevel logistic regression.

The mean score of nicotine dependence was 46.61±11.18. 61.7% of consumers had moderate dependence. Variables of age, education level, and duration of use were significant predictors of the severity of nicotine dependence (p<0.05).

Nicotine dependence is moderate among cigarette and water pipe consumers in Bushehr city and people with a lower level of education, a longer duration of use, and the onset of use at a younger age are more strongly dependent on nicotine.

Given the prevalence of AIDS and the need to enhance self-care programs and improve quality of life, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of self-care education based on virtual networks on quality of life in HIV-positive patients.

This clinical trial was conducted on HIV positive patients referred to the Counseling Centers for Behavioral Disorders in Tehran in 2019 and 80 people of them who were eligible for the study were selected by multistage random sampling method and randomly assigned into control and intervention groups (40 people in each group). Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and the Multidimensional Quality of Life Questionnaire for Persons with HIV/AIDS (MQoL-HIV) which were completed before the training and two weeks after the last training session. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software.

At the beginning of the study, the mean scores of quality of life and its ten domains did not have significant difference (p>0.05); but after the intervention a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of quality of life and its domains except the domains of cognitive function, economic, interact with the spouse and sexual function (p<0.05).

The self-care education programs based on virtual networks are effective on promoting the quality of life of HIV-positive patients.

Physical activity is effective in flourishing various aspects of the personality of society and plays an important role in the health of society. The purpose of current study was to model the types of physical activity on quality of life, life expectancy and life satisfaction in female teachers of Qom city

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 140 female teachers in Qom city in the academic year 2017-2018 who were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and, Snyderchr('39')s Hope Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 20 software.

Work, sport and leisure physical activity had significant relationship with quality of life, life expectancy and life satisfaction. Also quality of life and life expectancy played a partial mediator role in relation to physical activity and life satisfaction.

Doing physical activities by increasing the quality of life and life expectancy leads to increasing the life satisfaction in female teachers.

Health workers are at high risk of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) and preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the incidence and deaths of this infection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors and its Related Beliefs among Health Workers of Hamadan province using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 950 health workers in Hamadan, in 2020 who were selected by multistage random sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and EPPM constructs. Data were analyzed in STATA 14 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.

Behaviors of avoiding contact with others and frequent hand washing with soap and water with 97.8% and 95.3%, respectively, had the highest frequency among health personnel. The condition of EPPM constructs was evaluated at a relatively favorable level. Also, 46.0% of health personnel were involved in the risk perception process.

It is necessary to improve the level of perceived self-efficacy of employees and also to emphasize the effectiveness of the recommended strategies in the prevention of Covid-19 disease.