Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology
Volume:7 Issue: 2, May 2020

Student life has its challenges although it offers new opportunities for the individual. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on reducing anxiety and improving the quality of life as well as perceived academic control of students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The population of this study consisted of 40 students who were identified through anxiety, quality of life, and perceived academic control questionnaires. They were then randomly assigned to the case (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group was subjected to eight 2-h mindfulness training sessions for two months. On the other hand, the control group received no pieces of training. It should be mentioned that the posttest sessions were administered for both groups. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that the implementation of mindfulness training sessions had a significant effect on reducing anxiety (P<0.001) and improving quality of life (P<0.001) as well as perceived academic control (P<0.001) in students.

According to the findings of this study, it is recommended that mindfulness training be provided to develop and promote students` psychological health.

Marital conflict results from the disharmony of husband and wife needs and the way to meet them, egocentrism, difference in requests and irresponsible behavioral schemas for marital relationship and marriage. The goal of the current study is to compare the effectiveness of structural couple therapy and re-decision couple therapy on the reduction of marital conflicts in infertile couples of Sanandaj.

to do this goal semi experimental pre and post test method using to control and experimental groups was applied.  Statistical population of this research was infertile couples referring to infertility center of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2018 who were selected by convenient sampling method and replaced randomly on 3 groups of 12 persons. To collecting data, marital conflicts questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of multivariate analysis of covariance and spss-22 software.

The results showed that cooperation component (F=14.17, P<0.001), decreased sex (F=28.53, P<0.009), increasing emotional reactions (F=16.99, P<0.001), increasing personal relationship with onechr('39')s relatives (F=24.02, P<0.001), decreasing family relationship with spousechr('39')s friends and relatives (F=21.81, P<0.001), separating financial affairs from each other (F=18.70, P<0.001), decreasing effective relationship (F=28.53, P<0.001), but there is no significant difference between three groups of experimental and control in increasing childrenchr('39')schr('39') support component (F=0.091, P<0.05). There is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the Minuchin structural couple therapy and the re-decision couple therapy and control group in decreasing marital conflict (P<0.001).

the results showed the importance of couple-therapy  Interventions through re-decision on decreasing marital conflicts in infertile couples. Generally, the results indicated that Minuchin structural couple therapy is more effective than re-decision couple therapy on decreasing marital conflicts in infertile couples.

Resilience is one of the factors that can prevent psychological problems among young people and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to design and explain a psychological resilience model based on the feeling of social support through hardiness among high school students in Sari, Iran.

The present descriptive-correlational study was carried out on a total of 280 first-grade students in the high schools of Sari selected using multistage cluster sampling. Resilience questionnaire, social support questionnaire, and problem-solving questionnaire were employed for data collection. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were utilized to analyze the data using SPSS.22 and AMOS.22.

The mean age values of the male and female students were reported as 13.4±2.4 and 13.8±2.5 years, respectively. The obtained results of the current study showed that there was a positive relationship between social support with resilience and hardiness. Hardiness also mediated the relationship between social support and resilience. Among the components of social support, the most influential factor was related to family support, and the most effective factor in resilience was the notion of competence and acceptance of love. In addition, the most effective factor in hardiness was the component of commitment.

The results of the present study revealed that hardiness and resilience increased with the enhancement of social support. The impact of social support on resilience also increased partially as a result of increased hardiness.

The cognitiveCognitive dysfunction may be an important factor in smoking and nicotine abuse. However, there are very few studies that have examined the effects of psychiatric conditions on the cognitive flexibility of smokers.

This research was conducted with the aim of examination theto examine cognitive flexibility (perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives) ofamong smokers in the context of with social anxiety.
Material

The research was a study withpresent causal-comparative design. The populationstudy was allconducted on 60 smoker students ofstudying at Arak University, Arak, Iran, in 2018-2019 years. For selecting the research sample the. The study population was selected using the purposive sampling was usedtechnique. At first, the participants completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI).. Then, based on the cutoff point scores of SPIN (19 to above),≤), the participants were divided into two smoker groups (n=30 in each group) were selected: smoker groupsof smokers with and without social anxiety. (n=30 in each group). Finally, these groups were compared in perceive the terms of perceived controllability and cognitive alternatives by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).using the multivariate analysis of variance.

The results indicated a significant difference in the linerlinear composition of the dependent variables ofin the two groups (wilks,Wilks’ lambda= 0/.799, F50,2= 6/.726, p= P=0/.004). UnivariateThe results of the univariate analysis of variance indicated that the smoker group with social anxiety had lower perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives, compared to the smoker group without social anxiety.

  In generalAs the findings indicated, the level of cognitive flexibility in the smokers with and without social anxiety iswas different. Therefore, it is necessary to consideringconsider the evaluation and treatment of cognitive deficits in smokers based on their level of social anxiety.

Personal intelligence is the ability to understand and regulate emotions relying on a sense of self-awareness.  The present study aimed to compare the effect of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training on the adaptability, responsibility, and legitimacy of students.

This experimental study was conducted based on a pre-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included 160 individuals within the age range of 14-16 years in the academic year 2018. In the current study,  the education office of the region called for cooperation, and 60 students were selected by random sampling from among the volunteers who were willing to participate. The participants were assigned to three groups of spiritual intelligence (n=20), personal intelligence (n=20), and control group (n=20); thereafter, the experimental groups were subjected to 10 training sessions. The data collection instruments included the social compatibility questionnaire developed by Pekol and Weisman and responsibility and legitimacy questionnaire designed by Alipour. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software using multivariate covariance.

As evidenced by the results of the current study, spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training had a significant impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of students (P<0.05). Two-by-two comparison of intervention methods of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training indicated that personal intelligence training improved studentschr('39') compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy. Furthermore, it was found that personal intelligence training had a more dramatic impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of the students, compared to spiritual intelligence.

It can be concluded that spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training increased the compatibility, accountability, and legitimacy of 14-16-year-old students.

Temperament is determined as a relatively constant, basic, and innate position that underlies and modifies the expression of activity, emotionality, and sociability among people. The current study aimed to investigate the prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females.

This correlational study included 250 adolescent females using a cluster sampling method in the academic year of 2018-19 in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were asked to complete Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Dark Triad Scale, and Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale.

The results of the regression analysis showed that emotion regulation with beta coefficients was able to predict significant and positive dark personality traits (0.25), narcissism (0.49), Machiavellianism (0.39), psychopathy (0.32), sadism (0.35), and self-destructiveness (0.49) (P<0.05).

Directly targeted interventions to regulate emotion may be useful in addressing risky behaviors of adolescents with self-destructive and dark personality traits.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally-focused couple therapy (EFCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and delayed follow-up. The study population consisted of 39 couples with marital conflicts referring to Behzisti counseling centers in Tayebad, Iran, within the second half of 2018 and first half of 2019. The participants, including 13 couples receiving EFCT, 13 couples receiving ACT, and 13 couples as the control group, were selected using convenience sampling. For the experimental groups, nine EFCT sessions and eight ACT sessions were held, and the control group was not subjected to any intervention. The research tools were Sanaeichr('39')s Marital Conflicts Questionnaire and Pierce’s Quality of Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire that the couples of the three groups completed in three stages, namely pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, and SPSS statistical software (version 23) were used to analyze the data.

Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that ACT was more effective in the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts than EFCT (P<0.001).

The obtained results of the present study revealed that ACT was more effective than EFCT in the improvement of the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts.

The assessment of young coupleschr('39') marital relationship has received considerable attention in recent years. The present study aimed to make a comparison between the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the enhancement of marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy in couples referred to counseling centers in Khorramabad.

This quasi-experimental was conducted based on a pre-posttest design with a control group. For the purpose of the study, a total of 60 couples were selected using volunteer sampling out of the entire couples who referred to counseling centers in Khorramabad due to marital disorders in 2018. The couples were randomly assigned to three groups of 20, namely ACT, CBT, and the control group. The data collection tools included the ENRICH marital satisfaction inventory and Battalion sexual intimacy scale. Before the commencement of the intervention (presenting the independent variable), the three groups were provided with the two questionnaires (pre-test). Thereafter, the experimental group received eight two-hour sessions of ACT and eight two-hour sessions of CBT. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Upon the completion of the training sessions, marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy were assessed in the three groups (post-test). Data were analyzed in SPSS software(version 22) using the multivariate analysis of covariance.

The obtained results were indicative of the significant effect of both treatments on the enhancement of marital satisfaction (P<0.001) and sexual intimacy (P<0.001) in couples. Moreover, it was found that CBT exerted a more profound effect on marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy, compared to ACT.

 As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that both CBT and ACT were effective in the promotion of marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy in couples. Nonetheless, CBT demonstrated more dramatic effects, compared to ACT.

Since cognitive factors are very important in stuttering, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mind simulation on psychological symptoms and mental capabilities in adults who stutter.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on two groups of experimental and control based on a pre- and post-test design. The study population was all females (n=33) suffering from a stuttering disorder who were the clients of speech-therapy centers. Eventually, 30 individuals were selected using a simple random sampling method from Aftab Institute and Empowerment Mind Center in Tehran, Iran, during 2019. They were subsequently divided into two control and experimental groups each containing 15 people according to the Cochran formula. Package of stuttering by Taghizadeh and Bigdeli Shamloo (2016), Cattell’s anxiety questionnaire, Coopersmith’s self-esteem measurement, Rogers’s self-concept measurement, and Monjemizadeh’s Social Communication measurement were used to collect data in this study. The data were then analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) through multivariate covariance analysis.

In general, the findings indicated a significant difference between the pre- and post-test mean scores of the two groups regarding self-concept, self-esteem, social interactions, and anxiety involved in the mind simulation process (P=0.001).

The current mind simulation methods have a considerable impact on psychological symptoms and mental capabilities of adults suffering from stuttering, which can be used as an effective way to improve stuttering.