فهرست مطالب

Journal of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Aug 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/08/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Seyedeh Masoumeh Taghizadeh, Azadeh Taherpoor, Alireza Ebrahiminezhad * Page 1

    Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties and great potential for various applications. Physical and chemical methods are conventionally used for synthesis of FeNPs. These methods employ toxic chemicals and organic solvents and usually are performed at harsh conditions. Hence, there is an increasing demand to develop sustainable methods for synthesis of FeNPs. Biosynthesis is emerging as a green approach to alleviate the environmental and economic disadvantages of the traditional techniques. Since now, various organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and plants have been used for FeNPs fabrication with no or limited attention to algae and microalgae. While, these organisms are wealthy sources of bioactive compounds which can be used in biosynthesis of FeNPs in a non-toxic, cost-effective, ecofriendly, and facile manner. The present work summarizes algae and microalgae as potential biofactories for the synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles and their potential applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation.

    Keywords: Bioreduction, Biosynthesis, Green synthesis, Iron nanostructures
  • Ameneh Bazrafshan, Saeed Khatamsaz, Farnaz Sani, Maryam Dehghan * Page 2
    Objective

    Many studies report that mutation in genes which encode the cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel, such as KCNQ1, contributes to the long QT interval syndrome followed by cardiac arrhythmia.Goal of this case-control study is to explore the potential association between KCNQ1 gene promoter polymorphism and clinical Characteristics with cardiac arrhythmia in Bushehr population.

    Methods

    Clinical data, previous medical history, and blood samples were collected from 30 admitted patients in Bushehr hospitals with cardiac arrhythmia and matched healthy individuals as controls. The genetic variation of the promoter region of KCNQ1 was carried out by using single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis.

    Results

    NO mutation or polymorphism was identified in the promoter region of the KCNQ1 gene, but, the incidence rate of some cardiac disease risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, gender and age were significantly higher in the patients with cardiac arrhythmia.

    Conclusions

    The lack of mutation even in patients with a positive family history of cardiac arrhythmia revealed that mutation in the KCNQ1 gene might be not responsible for cardiac arrhythmia in the patients. But some clinical data, including diabetic mellitus, smoking habits, age and gender were the significant risk factors in patients with cardiac arrhythmia.

    Keywords: KCNQ1, Polymorphism, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac disease risk factors
  • Amin Derakhshanfar * Page 3

    A comparative medical science is a branch of science that is responsible for research on human and animal medicine through the animal models. Although the history of animal use in empirical medical research goes back hundreds of years, the modern era is only a few decades old. An important part of the experimental medical research in Iran is based on the use of laboratory animal models. The importance of comparative medical evolution in terms of ethics and science requires that Iran to have a new look at this branch of science. Hence, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences has reviewed both the hardware and software aspects of this important issue, through a fundamental reform in comparative medicine by constructing a referral center for comparative and experimental medicine while at the same time it has established a comparative biomedical science discipline for Ph.D. degree. This new approach in the field of comparative medicine and comparative biomedical sciences will lead to dramatic scientific achievements.

    Keywords: Iran, comparative medicine, biomedical
  • Amin Derakhshanfar * Page 4

    Over the years and especially in recent decades, numerous articles in the field of in-vivo studies have been published; hence, the major part of medical discoveries that has led to increased life expectancy is as a result of these studies. The importance and inevitability of in-vivo studies have proven and no real alternative to animal models has been introduced so far. In this regard, the extent of authors' familiarity with in-vivo researches and the existence of biomedicalists for various measurements in animal models are highly important. Furthermore, resemble of animal models to human multifactorial diseases and the plenty of evidence for invasive interventions as well as the role of stress and genetic similarity should be considered in in-vivo studies. Therefore, due to waste of time and financial resources as well as animal rights and welfare, the existing animal models and methods should be constantly criticized. This article attempts to address this important issue of comparative biomedicalists.

    Keywords: Animal model, ethics, Stress, Genetic similarity
  • Farshad Nazaraghaei *, K. Krishna Bhat Page 5

    The findings of this study is based on following, comparing and contrasting certain physiological effects of two types of meditation;Ajapajapa Yogic Meditation (AYM) in combination with Anapanasati on one hand and Farshad’s Geometric Meditation (FGM) on the other hand,on practitioners of these sets of meditative techniques. To assess physiological impacts of Ajapajapa Yogic Meditation (AYM) on the treatment of psychological stress and anxiety in comparison to FGM, we initially recruited 72 St. Aloysius College students to take part in this meditation research program. Then they were randomly assigned into 3 groups including AYM, FGM and control group. Prior to and following the AYM and FGM courses, the pre and post experimental physiological data were collected using Vilistus to register Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN (PNN50), Heart Rate and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals. The total number of volunteers from whom the post experimental data were collected was 62. For each meditation group we conducted a three-month meditation program, 3 one-hour sessions per week. In both experimental groups, statistically significant reduction in the heart rate and GSR and also increase in RMSSD, PNN50 and HRV index were seen in comparison to the control group. Since AYM and FGM both seem to be effective methods for the reduction of psychological stress and anxiety, they could be adopted in clinical populations. Moreover, the implementation of these methods for stress management can also be suggested.

    Keywords: Geometric meditation, PNN50, GSR, RMSSD, HRV
  • Fatemeh Shamsi, Zahra Zeraatpisheh, Hadi Aligholi * Page 6

    The fate of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) is very important in combination therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). Methylprednisolone (MP) is the main anti-inflammatory drug currently used in the acute phase of SCI. The present study evaluated the differentiation patterns of NS/PCs following exposure to different concentrations of MP. NS/PCs were isolated from ganglionic eminence of mouse embryos. After the second passage, the obtained cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/ml of MP. The differentiation of the cells in to immature neuroblasts, mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes was assessedusing immunofluorescence assay. Exposure of the NS/PCs to different concentrations of MP increased the production of astrocytes, neuroblasts, and oligodendrocytes, Whileit didn’t have any considerable effect on the production of more mature neurons. In conclusion, MP can change the fate of NS/PCs toward the generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. This effect should be considered in MP+NS/PCs combination therapy strategies.

    Keywords: Methylprednisolone, Neural stem cells, Differentiation, glia, Neuron
  • Maryam Farzad *, Erfan Shafiee, AmirReza Farhoud, Yasaman Falahati, Nader Alirezaloo Page 7
    Background

    The fast-evolving pandemic of COVID-19 has forced clinicians to implement tele-health strategies in their routine practice. Social media provides unprecedented opportunities to transfer educational, monitoring, and individualizing data to the target populations. There have been numerous efforts on social media to use telerehabilitation approaches for patients and therapists. Question/

    purpose

    The purpose of this study was to explore and analysis the trend that hand therapists used for tele-rehabilitation approaches during the lock dawn period in Iran.

    Methods

    Scraping method was used to map out the tele-rehabilitation strategies that Iranian therapists have implemented for the hand and upper extremity injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tele rehabilitation method was searched by relevant hashtags and direct contact with therapists. Extracted data were described and categorized by content analysis and thematic coding.

    Results

    During lock dawn period, 27 records from 18 accounts were posted with relative tele rehabilitation content in Iran. Based on the content of extracted data four themes were conceptualized: Empowerment, informative, adaptive to new situations, and supportive approach. The content that were covered in the most posts were informative approach (40%).

    Conclusion

    In spite of the urgent necessity for delivering care during the lockdown, the total number of the active therapists was very low. No documented method or platform was identified.

    Keywords: coronavirus, COVID-19, Instagram, Social Network Analysis, Dataset
  • Roohollah Zahediannasb, Maryam Hoseini, Seyedeh Saeedeh Yahyavi, Ali Mohammad Kamali, Mahshid Tahamtan, MohammadMojtaba Kamelmanesh, Mohammad Nami * Page 8
    Background

    i-Maths is a new math educational program based on conceptualizing mathematical concepts for children aged 3-7 years. The early years of life are considered crucial for cognitive construct development and learning. Studies show that spatial working memory plays an important role in learning mathematics upon childhood. This study was an attempt to investigate whether a formal course of i-Maths training would potentially improve cognitive capacities such as short-term memory in children.

    Material and Methods

    19 kids (7 girls and 12 boys, aged 5 to7 years) were randomly enrolled from an i-Maths training institute in Shiraz and stratified in two groups i.e. experienced and novice (n=10 in each group). The participants’ cognitive performance was measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). In addition, their hemodynamic response from the frontopolar brain region (FP1) was measured using the hemoencephalography (HEG) setup upon CANTAB task performance.

    Results

    Subjects in both groups showed no significant difference in motor screening task (MOT) scores. Meanwhile, in the delayed matching to sample (DMS), there was significant difference in task scores in the experienced- as compared to the novice-group. The results of paired associates learning (PAL) shows significant difference in total number of errors (6 shapes adjusted) in the experienced- vs. novice-group. Nevertheless, the changes were not significant in terms of total errors (adjusted). Moreover, there was no significant change in HEG response in two groups.

    Conclusion

    It seems that learning mathematical concepts through i-Maths leaves favorable outcomes in distinct cognitive performance domains in young kids.

    Keywords: i-Maths, Cognitive Performance, Hemodynamic response, CANTAB, Young kids