فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1397)

To evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in PAKDASHT at Tehran zone. Experimental treatments include main plots: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation at flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plots of research include: M0= control (no application), M1 = 100 ppm, M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that  cut irrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, but foliar application BA were increased the following parameters. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Total chlorophyll a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm BA(341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2. Therefore, it is recommended to use foliar application of BA with a concentration of 200 ppm in case of cut irrigation.

To study the reactions of grain quantity reactions and oil of sunflower varieties in different sowing dates at Sistan region and determining the best sowing date and variety, an experiment was conducted in the Sistani’s agricultural and natural resources research and education center as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015.The main factor includes four sowing dates: 21 January, 4 February, 19 February and 6 March and subplot factor includes four sunflower cultivars: Mohali Isfahan, Azargol, Ghasem and Farokh. The results showed that the number of days to physiological examination, number of seeds per head, 1000seed weight, grain yield, oil percentage and oil yield had significant differences in different planting dates.Sowing delay reduced grain yield. The highest grain yield (366.38 kg ha-1) was belonged to sowing date of February 10 and the lowest grain yield was from March 25, with a weight of 2449.21 kg.ha. The effect of cultivar on all traits was significant. Farokh Hybrid had the highest grain yield (3235.9 kg.ha) and the lowest grain yield in Isfahan with the lowest yield of 2627.4 kg / ha. The interaction between sowing date and cultivar was significant on number of days to physiological examination, number of seeds per head and oil percent and grain yield. The results showed that 1000 seed weight, number of heads and number of seeds per head had the most effective role in yield of sunflower oil in grain yield and grain yield and oil percentage plays the most role in the performance of sunflower oil. In general, FarrokhHybrid and sowing date of February 10 are recommended for Sistan region.

In order to study effect of super absorbent polymer application to mitigate adverse effects of nickel (Ni), a greenhouse experiment was conductedin Varamin, Iran during the growing season of 2016 in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with three levels of nickel (0, 60 and 120 mg per kg of soil) by three levels super absorbent polymer application (with out super absorbent polymer application (Control), 2 and 4 g per kg of soil), with three replicates. The results showed that nickel treatment significantly for all experimental traits. The nickel contamination caused a significant decreased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant at by 8.51%, 31.52 and 56.06% respectively to control, Whereas, increased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity and the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Also the results showed that super absorbent polymer application increased plant height, total dry weight per plant and root dry weight per plant whereas, decreased proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activityand the accumulation of nickel in leaves. Generally the results of the present study indicate that super absorbent polymer application reduces the harmful effects of nickel stress and super absorbent polymer application treatment decreased oxidative stress in wheat plant.

ABSTRACT To estimate genetic progress and the variation in grain yield and characteristics physiology in facultative and winter bread wheat in 15 wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars with facultative and winter growth habit released in Iran between the 1930 and 2010, a field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute’s Research Field Station in Karaj, during the 2010-2011 crop cycle. Results of analyzing average square of characteristics indicates significance difference between genotypes for most characteristics at statistical probability level of 1% and there is great diversity between genotypes with respect to these characteristics. Trend of temporal variation in the traits measured revealed that yield components, harvest index and biological yield have increased in more recent released cultivars, however, Physiological attributes including crop growth rate increased in recent varieties in comparison with the older cultivars but the similar trend was not found for relative crop rate in recent varieties.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of water and defoliation on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant Teucriumpolium (Calpoureh). An experiment was Factorial shame in completely design conducted at the center for Agricultural Research in Iranshahr city came in to force in autumn 2014. Treatment were combination of water stress on four levels (A1= -0.3, A2= -5, A3= -10, A4= -15 bar) and defoliation stress on three levels (B1= 0 , B2 =25 , B3 =50 perecent defoliation). The levels of water shortage as main treatment and defoliation levels were considered as sub-plots. For imposing drought levels, First, by using pressure plats method , and soil moisture content were determined various potential water and then weighed average soil and added water loss. Traits in this project were: SPAD ridings, Stomatal resistance, Canopy temperature, Leaf to steam ratio, Specific leaf weight, Percentage of dry leaves and root / shoot ratio were measured. The results showed that water stress canopy temperature and percentage of dry leaf in Teucriumpolium significantly. Defoliation stress also reduced SPAD readings in Teucriumpolium. Significant negative correlation was between leaf / stem ratio and different levels of water stress in the plant. Also, root / shoot ratio showed appositive correlation with different levels of water stress. With the increase of water stress and defoliation stress, quality characteristics (oil) Teucriumpolium was decreased. In generality can be said, Teucriumpolium the plants are sensitive to two stresses.

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and irrigation interval on yield and yield components of corn seed of Single Crusher 704 cultivar in Zabol, a split plot experiment (split plot) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments include main plots three levels: 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), and and sub plots of research include humic acid in four levels including control or weekly (B1) Biweekly (B2), Triweekly (B3) and Monthly (B4). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effects of irrigation and spraying of humic acid on their harvest index, plant height, number of ear per plant and number of seeds per ear were significant. The highest Harvest index (51.42%), plant height (190 cm), number of ear per plant (3.6 N.o) and number of grain per ear (612 N.o) were obtained irrigated conditions for 6 days and Biweekly Humic acid spray treatment. According to the results of the experiment, the best irrigation interval for corn seed is recommended for 6 days irrigation, with the use of Biweekly for humic acid solution for cultivation in the area.