مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1399)

Nowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of historic areas, undesirable environmental and physical quality causes weakening of social ties among the inhabitants, lower sense of belonging and gradual decline of these areas. This issue motivated the authors to clarify the relationship between criteria of environment’s quality (environmental and physical) on sense of belonging in historic neighborhoods of the city of Kerman. Questionnaire was the main data collection method, and 374 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results show a direct and meaningful relationship between the physical variables and sense of belonging but reverse and meaningful relationship between environmental variables and sense of belonging. In attention to components of physical variables and sense of belonging, in Arg-Ganjalikhan and Mozafari areas buildings and spaces has the highest effect over sense of belonging. However, in GhalehMahmood area it was accessibility. Regarding the components environmental variables and sense of belonging, it is notable that sound pollutions in Arg-Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and GhalehMahmood areas has the highest influence on the sense of belonging. The results of structural equations modeling also demonstrate that improving the condition of environmental and physical variables can improve the condition of sense of belonging as well. However, the influence of environmental variables on the sense of belonging was higher comparing to physical ones.

The present research aims to analyze the mutual relationship between space configuration, space depth and architectural space relations in privacy perception in order to identify the hidden pattern and social structures of relationships in one of the contemporary residential complexes in Tabriz. “Depth” and “integration” are among the important parameters in privacy perception, which have been studied via drawing justified graphs and output of numerical variables in the specialized space syntax software. Space syntax technique is in fact the investigation of the relationship of every space unit in a set in the neighboring space; through knowing social structure of the relationships of the components, the pattern of systematic activities and also the semantic load and spatial relationships can be obtained. The research methodology of the present descriptive-analytica study is information analysis and of logical reasoning type. The qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in the formulation of the theoretical framework and the analysis of maps and modeling, respectively. The research results on 11 types of different plans from the residential units of this complex revealed the relationship between architectural space relations and configuration of architectural body and spatial depth in the definition for privacy. Moreover, the appropriate spatial relationships for achieving more privacy can be defined in order to be used in the plan design of condemnatory complexes.

As a significant part of the agricultural sector's problems are related to the value chain and its end rings, the market for agricultural products, the present study addresses the main challenges of tobacco marketing in Iran from the point of view of tobacco beetles. The study area is a tobacco production pole in Razavi Khorasan province, Baghche district, Chenaran province. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population consisted of 512 Tobacco Agents, which were selected by using the Cochran formula of 110 Tobacco Dogs and respondents were randomly selected and participated in the completion of the research questionnaire. In this research, 37 of the initial challenges were identified and questionnaire was used in the Likert spectrum through extensive literature studies and interviews with experts and tobacco workers. The reliability of the research tool was α = 0.703 and its validity was confirmed with 78.92% of the variance in the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the identified challenges were as follows: the ten main factors with 81.86% of the variance explained. "The low awareness of farmers about tobacco marketing" with 17.09, "poor performance of trusted organizations" with 12.66 and "problems related to the price of tobacco and tobacco leaves" with 9/11 variance were three challenges, respectively The basic marketing of tobacco is. Studies show that ten major challenges identified in tobacco marketing have led to farmer exploitation in this unbalanced system, therefore, given that tobacco has a different legal context in marketing,

The lack of a comprehensive plan has led to disturbances in rural development and in making and combining old and new structures in rural communities. Disturbed rural spaces and destruction of environment have become challenges in the way of rural outlook. Therefore, the purpose of this current study is to investigate the effective key factors on rural communities independent development outlook. This study from a methodology, application, and purpose point of view is analytic-descriptive. Questionnaires were used as a means of gathering data and information. The focus group was comprised of experts and professors on rural matters of the city of Zanjan, who were chosen by targeted sampling method, during which 35 experts were chosen to perform coupled comparisons. By studying research literature and asking for experts’ opinions, 8 indices and 30 sub-indices were picked for this study. To investigate and identify these factors and to determine the quantity and importance of their weight, we used Phasic Analysis of Network Process (FANP). The results of this model indicated that input of man power (0.322), development of ethics (0.245), and technical expertise (0.213) are the most important factors in development and success of the development of the outlook of rural communities. So, to develop and preserve resources and rural outlook, those in charge of planning and rural development organizations should pay enough attention to training management and leadership, educated man power, and to the expertise of local people.

The optimal and balanced distribution of spaces allocated to a variety of uses, including sanitary and therapeutic use, is one of the requirements of the organization in order to adhere to the principle of access to justice for all categories of people, to ensure general health and well-being, and to properly locate these centers. Locating the services of different centers is an important part of planning and design. In fact, this will help make better decision makers and managers in choosing better places to create services. Therefore, the aim of this study is to locate rural health centers in rural areas. 20 experts were selected by purposeful sampling. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire of experts (as a pair comparison). Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to select the optimal location of the network analysis process (ANP), and for spatial analysis of the indicators. The results of the findings show that the most important relative indicators of indicators are related to access to green space indicators (0.283), access to communication network (0.255), and population (0.238), respectively. Also, the best place to locate rural health centers in the study area based on the weight of the options is Sa'adat Abad village (0.181). Accordingly, Mehdi Abad (0.155), Zarqhairi (0.109) and Eshrat Abad (0.053) are in the next priority. Therefore, in order to locate health centers in rural areas, more attention should be paid to effective indicators and how they relate to the region, in order to maximize the coordination between factors.

The cultural landscape of the people of Mazandaran, which in the period under study, the first Pahlavi Era (1925-1941), included a limited geography of the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan today from the western extremity of Ramsar to the eastern extremity of Maraveh Tappeh ;were scattered throughout history due to the diversity of climatic conditions and natural geography in the three geographical units of plain, Foothills and mountainous regions and based on the agricultural-livestock economics. Before the first Pahlavi, the geographical Landscape of the Mazandaran settlements was a stationary situation, but with the special policies of the first Pahlavi in the direction of modernization of Iran, there was a tremendous development in Mazandaran geographic Landscape. The present study aims to investigate the changes and evolutions in the Mazandaran agriculture geography in the first Pahlavi era from the viewpoint of the Landscape school. The landscape model examines nature changes in historical periods in a specific geography based on the applied policies. Due to the policy of modernization, many corrective programs were implemented in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province. Mazandaran agricultural landscapes were changed by the first Pahlavi activities in order to mechanize Mazandaran agriculture and commercialization and industrialization of agricultural products. The modern state added a lot of land to the total agricultural land of Mazandaran by conquering nature and dominating it by drying the marshes and drainage, building a dam and bridge, and inhibiting the outbreak of water and dominating the water resources. As a result, the open field landscape, which until then was only the Mazandaran agricultural landscape, expanded vastly. New lands were also allocated in plain and foothill areas on plains and hills to cultivate new crops and to create orchard and hill Landscapes.

Awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving the problems and failures are created to achieve the desired and actual development. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to determine the position of Piranshahr city in terms of strategic planning indices and prioritizing the city development strategies. The research is descriptive and analytical. The sample population in this study consisted of three groups: urban managers, urban elites and citizens the sample size was identified 382 people for the citizens group according to the Cochran formula. In the group of managers 50 people and in the elite group 50 were selected as samples. Positioning of city was by using SWOT model and Prioritization of city developing strategies was performed by the SWOT model and prioritizing the city development strategies using a combination of Multi Criteria Decision-Making method and Kohonen neural network in MATLAB and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that the city of Piranshahr is in a competitive position strategically. Also the output of Kohonen neural network identified strategy of developing of foreign exchanges and strengthening of Tamarchin boundry market in order to shaping a sustainable economy based on internal - foreign trade as the best city development strategy.

Along with the expansion of the share of tourism activities in global economy, tourism in rural areas has become a mechanism for the revival of rural communities and is supported by local and federal governments. Considering the natural situation and the existence of diverse cultural context in Lahijan Region, this paper tries to identify the potentials of rural tourism in this region. The main research method in this research is content analysis and the utilized data come mainly from documents and field-based methods (deep interview). In this research, we investigate the capabilities of rural tourism in seven rural districts of Lahijan (Roodbaneh, Shirjoiposht, Lafmajan, Baskiagorub, Ahandan, Lialistan and Lil). The results of the findings show that there are 14 types of tourism attractions in Lahijan Rejion which have been distributed in seven Dehestans (Rural District) and 28 villages. Of the seven Dehestans of Lahijan Shahrestan, Lil is considered to be the most important one, and among the villages, Sarcheshmeh, Chichi-Nikoti, Sheikhanber, Azarestan and Balaji Jarankish villages are the most important villages to develop tourism activities. The existence of foothill forests, nature, rivers and hills covered with tea gardens and rice fields, hiking, fishing, and religious shrines are the most important attractions of rural tourism in the study area. Finally, the paper identifies the barriers and problems of tourism activities in rural areas, and proposes strategies for the development of rural tourism in Lahijan Region.

These days, the quality of people settlement is considered as one of the main research areas for spatial planning in different countries. This is due to the influence of current researches in quality of life-related topics in monitoring public policies as well as its role as a practical tool in urban planning. Hence, understanding, measuring and improving the quality of life have been the main goal of researchers, planners and governments in recent decades. Therefore, identification of effective factors in assessment and evaluation the quality of life can help planners to propose appropriate strategies to develop different areas and cities with their related needs and required facilities. In this regard, this research has been done by descriptive analytic methods which use FTOSIS (Fuzzy-Topsis) and questionnaire. The selected case study is Sanandaj city neighbourhoods including Nanle, Nayser, Molavi town and Farjeh. Sample community consists of 40 experts in urban planning (councils and urban experts) of Sanandaj city that has been selected by homogenous and target selection method. The result of this study showed that economic dimension has the lowest weight with 1.97 while environmental dimension with a weight of 2.251 has the highest one in minimum, mean and maximum fuzzy (W ̃i). indicators which have obtained the lowest weights should become into consideration for urban planners, policy makers and managers to improve the quality of life and social and economic boom.

Abstract The rapid growth of cities in developing countries, which is often dispersed, has become a major issue today. Moving to agricultural lands and destroying the natural ecosystem around the cities has necessitated a permanent review of the dynamics of the city in the light of past development and its future prediction inevitable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the orumieh urban growth changes and the effect of this growth on open and agricultural lands. In order to achieve this goal, the LCM model for the 16-year period 1995-2011 was based on the integration of the artificial neural network classification of multilayer perceptron and the Markov chain model using the survey of land-change. The Landsat 5 images of these years were used to prepare land use map using multi-layer perceptron neural network. Validation of the model by calculation of Kappa coefficients (Kappa index above 87%) is model's reliability. The results of this study indicate that the land use changes in the orumieh city, the transition and conversion of open land to Urban land is more in central parts and the conversion of agricultural land to urban areas, around the city is tangible and more intense towards the west (Band axis) continues. The forecast of the city's growth up to 1404 indicates that, as compared to 2011, 3208 hectares have been added to the lands and a total of 3810 hectares of agricultural land and gardens have been reduced and part of this will be converted into open lands.

Satisfaction of tourists is one of the most important competitive factors and the best indicator for ensuring growth and development of tourism destinations. According to the opinion of tourists, the satisfaction of tourists is an important criterion for assessing the quality and efficiency of the services provided for tourism purposes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from residential services and catering services provided to tourists in tourism complexes in west of Mazandaran province. The type of research is descriptive-analytic based on completing the questionnaire. Regarding the fact that the number of tourists visiting the seven complexes in the west of Mazandaran province was not clear, 214 samples were selected as samples and the questionnaire was distributed randomly among the visitors to the tourism complexes. One-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the satisfaction rate of tourists from residential and catering services of the studied complexes is higher than the average. So, the degree of satisfaction with the desire to recursion with a mean of 3.63 and the general characteristics of the area with an average of 3.13 was higher than the average. In order to rank the tourism complexes in terms of tourist satisfaction, it was concluded that among the tourist complexes, in terms of the quality of services provided, the recreational tourism complex of salt water, with a mean of 133/36, was the first, and the recreation satisfaction.

Today, housing not only serves as shelter for human settlements, but also as a place where most of the social, economic, and cultural needs of the population are formed and provided in residential units. But access to affordable housing is one of the most important issues in today's societies due to the rapid growth of the population and the increase in household expenses, So that With the growing of large cities, informal settlements and inappropriate housing in most urban areas have created an irrefutable perspective. Therefore, the aim of this study is to study the quantitative and qualitative indices of housing in the level of statistical blocks. The research is applied and the required information from the general census of population and housing in the range of statistical blocks (7096 blocks) for 2011 was prepared and 17 indicators were selected and evaluated by a factor analysis technique that resulted in 4 effective factors. The results of data analysis were transferred to Arc GIS10.3 software and to investigate the status of statistical blocks in terms of availability of housing indices, hot spots analysis was applied and spatial correlation technique was used to identify the distribution pattern of indicators. The results of combined factor analyze show that 31% of the blocks are very poor, 30% average, 28% are in very good condition. Based on Moran’s correlation analysis, oroumieh urban housing indices distribution pattern is a randomized cluster.

Urban spaces have an important role in in order to meet the material and spiritual needs of citizens as the main pillar of social sustainability. But given that human needs vary in different times and places, and each space has complexity and influential factors, it is complicated and difficult to adapt urban space to these needs. Therefore, a basic step in understanding the needs and removing barriers and problems in space is to realize social sustainability, the ethos of users in urban space. In this regard, the present study is aimed at studying the behavior of citizens in the business axis of the city of Rasht, which is descended from the commercial-historical axis in terms of the life quality of the community. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and the use of behavioral mapping techniques during one week with photographing, counting and daily notes of events in different hours of the day. Findings of the research show that social sustainability has been affected by the domination of creeping motion and burnout, and the space has not responded to the needs of contemporary users, despite the availability of social and physical capital. Therefore, priority management policies, such as functional-based regeneration, focusing on valuable historical and attracting elements of the population, organizing unorganized hangouts and behavioral stations, reducing the moving and fixed obstacles in space And increase the safe and comfortable space for pedestrians to improve the quality of behavior and public activity.

Compatibility with sustainable environment based on ecovillage model in rural communities around the wetland's ecosystems. Case study: the zerivar wetlands surrounding villages. Sustainable livelihood and conserve resources for the next generation. The aim of this study is to assess the compatibility of environment sustainability of indicators based on ecovillage model near the villages around the zerivar wetland's ecosystem. The statistical population of this research includes 1539 households and by using Cochran's test, 255 sample were selected. In field studies to collect the required data it has been prepared and completed a questionnaire among the villages were interviewed and along with, it's the most important part of the field studies. The questions of the questionnaire includes closed questions. The likert scale was used in the designing of the questions. The validity of the test by cronbach's alpha was 0.71 percent. Based on their distance of the lake (up to 3 km Zerivar Lake) the villages were selected. And also it has been interviewed with the subject persons to complete the evidences. It has been used the chi_square and kruskal Wallis test in the SPSS software for analysis the data. The data shows that social _ cultural indicators have the largest part of the sustainability of the rural communities Based on ecovillage and ecosystem in the villages around the zerivar wetland. On the second level economic indicators have the most important part in the sustainability of rural communities based on wetland ecosystems and in the villages around the zerivar wetland.

Abstract The sustainability of rural settlements depends on its economic sustainability. Today, sustainable economic development is considered as the main economic objective in the planning of developing countries. The prerequisite for planning for economic stabilization of villages is to be aware of their position and ability in this dimension. Accordingly, the present study is to analyze and measure the spatial levels of Economic Sustainability rural settlements located in Qom province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of research. The statistical population of the study includes inhabited villages of Qom province. For weighing the indicators of the research the F'ANP model has been utilized; by using the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method WASPAS indicators were integrated and the final indicator of development was determined. Determining the spatial pattern of sustainable economic development was conducted by cluster analysis method using ARC GIS software; linear regression was utilized to measure the effective factors in the final indicator of development. Besides, EXCEL, SPSS and MATLAB software were used as analysis tools. The results of this study showed rural settlements of Qom province are not in desirable position in terms of economic sustainability. In terms of sustainability, the studied Rural also differed significantly, indicating spatial inequality in terms of economic sustainability levels. Also, the impact of the factors studied was not as high as that. So that some factors have a greater impact on the economic sustainability of the studied rural.

Small and medium enterprises with such characteristics as flexibility and environmental adaptability in changing conditions, low capital requirements and simplicity of structure, have a good consistency with the economic situation of border villages in Iran. In most developed countries, the focus of activities and innovations is on small and medium enterprises.The statistical population of the study consisted of 598 experts and managers of executive agencies of rural economic activists (entrepreneurs and rural cooperative) and university professors. Among them, 235 people were selected by sample sampling method using Cochran formula. On the basis of this criterion, financing factors and production factors, supporting and encouraging factors, educational and skill factors, and cultural and social factors, were identified with a high value of 1 and identified as extractable factors. The naming of these factors was done with regard to the content of the variables and with regard to the literature and background of the research. Regarding the statistical indices, using the main factors analysis method, these four factors were able to explain 7531% of the variance of the total variables.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the social carrying capacity of tourism in the region of Kandovan. For this purpose, in 1394, the documentary approach, survey and questionnaire is used. For data analysis software from SPSS and AMOS Structural Equation Model of the software environment used. The results show that the effectiveness of the host society's attitude to tourism social carrying capacity of the host society in the region of Kandovan, /254, which has less impact on the variables on each other. The impact of tourist arrivals and cultural changes in lifestyle, particularly social behavior in society 1/022 host and the host communities’ satisfactory effect of determining the carrying capacity of social infrastructure on tourism, is 1/480. The impact of satisfaction tourists determining the carrying capacity of the social infrastructure of tourism, /517 and the effects of individual variables and changes in underlying values of the host society of the host society is 1/465. Thus, the effect of individual variables and the underlying host society's changing values of society /727 guests and finally the effect of population density on tourism social carrying capacity of the host society /460 and the effect of population density on tourism social carrying capacity in terms of society's guests /761.

Real estate is Part of capitalism, so long as produces the increased value by consumed value is served for productive capital flow. When it only focuses on asset value by trading and expediency Motivation the capitalism is Accounted as unproductive capital. The purpose of this research is to study and find real estate mechanism in Miandoab Area.. By applying RS technique, the changes in Land coverage of case study Area during 1998, 2006, 2016 were attained by Landsat images. 47.49 increase of built Level indicates the widespread activities of real estate in this Area. Data collection and data analysis were done by Q method. The logic of this reasoning is abduction. The society of communication includes 32 economy, geography, and planning of rural-urban professors that were selected by target sampling. The concourse of communication is arranged by new sources and Interviews in the form of 107statements, by society of communication in Q cards. The results based on factor-exploratory analysis of person-based (stephenson method) showed that eight factors as follow: economy channel and rentier government, deficiency in legal structures and Mafia activities, low risk of Investment in real estates, weakness of productive capitalism and the lack of formal channel ownership, taking land as a commodity, urban scrip and Service expanding, local-spatial representations of real estate bourgeoisie and hoarding have affected on capitalism mechanism. Also, weakness in economy channels, dependency to oil rent and disregarding of Land taxes caused to formation of real estate capitalism and eventually removed capital from production Orbit

As an effective tool, tourism affects the base of rural economy, so it plays crucial role in the social sustainability of villages. This study was conducted to explore the role of tourism in social sustainability of Ghaemshahr Township villages. This study is an applied research used descriptive-analytical method of study. The needed data were obtained through documentary and survey studies. Population of study included all villagers (N = 17216), which 375 of them were selected as sample of study using Cochran formula. The variables of study had quantitative and qualitative nature. Likert scale was used to collect the data and SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. T-test was also used to ensure the normal distribution of the data. Then, correlation and regression and parametric statistical tests such as Pearson correlation test were used. Findings of this study revealed that tourism has an impact on increasing social gap, increasing crime and illegal activities, reducing social cohesion among residents, improving recreational facilities, enhancing tourism facilities and services, enhancing the quality of life of villagers, and promoting the local culture.

One of the most important steps in planning ecotourism activities is the assessment of the power of different areas to create and develop these activities. In this regard, and given that the province of Guilan is one of the main tourist destinations in the country, in this research the ecological ability assessment of Guilan province for ecotourism activities is discussed. To do this research, firstly, the basic criteria for ecotourism activities were selected through study literature and the layers were prepared. Also, according to the views of 23 experts and experts in the field, the weight of each criterion was determined by hierarchical analysis method. Finally, the map of the spatial layers in the Arc Gis software after the application of the coefficient of importance, was integrated and integrated and the areas susceptible to ecotourism activity were identified. The results of the research show that the total area of the Guilan province is 4907 square kilometers in the most suitable category, 7593 square kilometers in the appropriate category, 779 square kilometers in the middle class and 785 square kilometers in the category of inappropriate.