Anthropogenic Pollution Journal
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Summer and Autumn 2017

The preset study investigated heavy metals located on the leaves of street side trees in crowded areas of Tehran in order to evaluate the metal pollution caused by cars. Contamination factor, Index of geo-accumulation, enrichment factor, modified degree of contamination, and Pollution load index were used to describe the pollution of the environment and probable sources of metal emissions. The potential ecological risk of exposure to metals in the areas was measured. Leaves are useful and low-cost collectors of aerosols which are produced by transportation. According to the results of the present study, Pb, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni and Zn elements are the main pollutants within the study area; Cr and Hg, also, turned out to produce pollution in the environment. Pb and Cr have probably been emitted from depreciation of vehicles and corrosion of parts and industries; probable origins of Zn and Cu are the industrial combustion sources and alloys of automobile parts. Mn is emitted from anthropogenic sources and further studies are required to identify its emission sources. Mo and V are probably the result of natural sources. The origin of Al, Co and Hg is a combination of natural and man-made sources, with high proportion for man-made activities. Due to high concentrations of Hg and Cr in areas outside and inside the city, further studies are required to find the source of origin of Hg and Cr elements. The ecologic risk of Pb, Cd and Cu was higher in different study areas. The risk of exposure to heavy metals in high density areas, and especially in Geisha, turned out to be high. Traffic of old cars and the traffic flow are effective in the pollution changes in different areas, and decrease in wind speed and direction causes pollution escalation in central areas of Tehran, compared to Western and Northern areas.

Lightweight expanded clay aggregate due to its physical and chemical properties; it can increase the process of adsorption and ion exchange. In this study, the efficiency 2 types of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate in reducing the amount of COD, BOD, TSS, nitrate and phosphate in dairy industry wastewater were investigated and the impact of different factors such as adsorbent dosage, mixing speed and mixing time were studied. The results showed that the efficiency of COD reduction of wastewater after touch with the granular type after 20 h is 65.9%. TSS and BOD have also been greatly reduced. Also the use of powder type, the highest removal efficiency was 31.81%, mixing speed 100 rpm, mixing time 20h, and adsorbent dosage 10 gr/l in addition; increasing the rate of mixing speed increases the amount of nitrate absorption. The most effective nitrate removal is 63.87% which was at mixed speed 200 rpm and absorbent dose 4 g/l. Results show that, the mixing speed has little effect on the absorption of phosphate. So, after 30 minutes, even with increasing mixing speed for doses 2 & 4 g/l, the reduction efficiency also decreases the change in absorbent dose from 1 g/l to 4 g/l was virtually unaffected. Increased mixing speed is due to better distribution of nitrate and phosphate molecules in the solution and their contact with adsorbent increased the absorption rate. According to the results, the LECA granular has more ability to remove the COD.

Tehran is the most affected town by light pollution in Iran. In this study, the role of the regional topography in the distribution of light pollution in Tehran was evaluated using digital images recording and analyzing the obtained images from Tehran sky-glow by East and South in standard image-processing Software. The scale of Tehran's glowing =dome as measured by 17 mag/arc sec2 or 0.017 cd/m2 by South, and 18.7 (mag/arc sec2) or 0.0035 cd/m2 by East. Considering the approximately equal distance of the two viewpoints from the center of Tehran city, the calculated scale by South is 1.36 times larger than the amount from the East point.

The lack of proper strategies for the management of the urban environment has made the relevant organizations face with numerous and complex problems in this regard. The present study was conducted in Tabriz metropolis as one of the major cities in the northwest of Iran. Using Delphi method, strategies for the management of the urban environment including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), the results obtained could be used as the key strategies for the urban environment management. The analysis of variance and the comparison of the SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies showed that the differences between the groups are not statistically significant suggesting that all the strategies have the same priority. SO strategies and ST strategies had the highest mean scores.. The ANOVA results indicated that there are no significant in-group and inter-group differences between the strategies and all the strategies had the same priority.  The results showed that although all the studied urban environment management strategies have the same priorities for improving the present environment conditions of Tabriz, the strength opportunity (SO) strategies are the first priority among other strategies.

The aim of this study was to compare the components of children's physical fitness in relation to the role of air pollution in Tehran, Iran. The research method was a causal-comparative study. To achieve the research goals, 80 students of elementary school in fourth grade (10.3 ± 0.1) in Tehran, Iran were selected through available sampling. In the research phase, the researcher referred to Tehran Quality Control System, and based on the average of pollutant indicators in the past month, two Districts of Tehran, Iran were selected; District  1 (Aghdasiyeh) as the least infectious and District 20 (Rey) as contaminated. Then, the arrangement was performed to carry out physical fitness tests. The data was collected in two days. On the first day, participants performed physical fitness tests at Negin Shahr Rey Club and on the second day at the Royal Club in Aghdasiyeh district. Data was analyzed by independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between speed and agility components in two Districts 1 and 20, while there were no significant differences between power and flexibility components. Comparison of means indicated that children in area 1 had better performance than District 20. According to the results, it is suggested that the high amount of air pollution prevent children from engaging in physical activity and consider physical education teachers to take on activities that require less energy requirements.

For the municipal managers in the country the importance of locating suitable MSW landfill sites is twofold: firstly, to win the heart and mind of the people; secondly, to minimize the environmental impact of the landfill sites. AHP and Fuzzy methods are among the numerous methods that so far have been used together with GIS to locate and prioritize municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites. In the present study, after overlaying the maps in the GIS software and selecting the most suitable sites, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) were used to rank the selected sites. For this end, various information layers that contribute to the process of locating MSW landfill site including distance from rivers, distance from residential area, distance from faults etc. were evaluated by using ANP and PROMETHEE methods and based on some criteria and sub-criteria. Then, the evaluated layers were analyzed by GIS software in order to find the most suitable landfill sites and rank them. Results suggested that ANP + GIS was not only more accurate than PROMETHEE + GIS, but also it involves a user-friendly procedure in scoring the criteria and sub-criteria.

Dez River is considered as one of the highest water rivers after Karoon River, supplying water for tens of towns and villages as well as thousands of acres of agricultural lands, several fish farming plans and industrial factories. Hence, the water quality of Dez River is one of the major concerns of the area. This study was carried out using descriptive-statistical method based on a 39 year time span statistics. A number of 394 samples were analyzed and the concentration of physical and chemical parameters including pH, TDS, SAR, total cations and anions were measured. The obtained results were examined and compared based on the statistical analyses consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards.  Dez River water quality has been “Perfect” in most cases (99.8% of the statistical periods) on the basis of TDS and average sum of them amounting to 644 mg/l; indeed only in 2% of the statistical periods the water quality has been determined as Acceptable, while most of the water quality parameters have been within the permissible range of the WHO standards.

Novel technologies and subsequent pollutions are serious threats to the environment and public health. The environmental pollutions, especially air pollution, are currently leading environmental concerns in developing countries, including Iran. In the present study, the air quality and meteorological data were employed to achieve potent models based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the prediction of air pollution in Tehran, Iran. The developed models manage to predict daily concentrations of various air pollutants such as O3, PM10, NO2, CO, and PM2.5. The required data were collected daily through the Air Quality Organization from all air quality stations of Tehran within a four-year period (from 2012 to 2015). Training the models was on the basis of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with the Back Propagation (BP) algorithm using MATLAB program. The results indicated appropriate agreement between the observed and predicted concentrations, as the values of the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) for all models were more than 0.83. In conclusion, the studied meteorological parameters are effective on all pollutants concentrations.