نشریه کارافن
سال شانزدهم شماره 46 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was structural equation modeling (SEM) of anomalies incidence of soccer fans in Iranian stadiums. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive correlation type was used (qualitative-quantitative). In the beginning, studying the literature and conducting a qualitative interview with 17 specialists, the basic concepts of the occurrence of abnormalities in the stadiums of the country were formed; further analyzing the contents of the interviews and literature of the field, 47 items were discovered, distributed among 30 fans at Azadi Stadium, the reliability coefficient of the initial questionnaire was 0.783. Regarding the number of samples over 200, for structural modeling, including 20 percent reduction, 250 questionnaires in Ghadir Ahwaz, Azadi, Rasht, Azadi Tehran, Takhty Jam and Emam Tabriz as inflammatory stadiums in the sixth week of the Premier League, which ultimately won 221 The questionnaire was used; after examining the KMM and the orthogonal rotation of the data for the exploratory factor analysis, prepared from among the 45 items in the 36 items with a factor load above 0.3 and analyzed for the confirmatory factor analysis; Finally, the data were used using the structural modeling method (LISREL). According to the coefficients of influence, the ultras (0.67), the conditions of the stadiums (0.60), cultural conditions (0.44), The security conditions (0.37) were management status (0.20). Finally, with regard to the presence of the leaders in the form of a fan base, as the main point of stimulation and stimulation of fans as the most coefficient component, the training needed to manage the platforms in this group, along with the use of qualified people in this position, is more than necessary.

Iran’s scientific comprehensive map as a guideline senior document in education, science and technology and innovation system, is a road map in route of scientific and technology and innovation in Islamic republic of Iran progress. Based on the map is expected that macro strategies and policies in the fields of general, higher and professional educations and scientific and technical development be follow and operate in form of integrated and targeted. In the paper with content analysis method has analyzed the position of technical and vocational educations and skill training in Iran’s comprehensive scientific map with exploratory and pathology approach. Based on the results of study, although incomprehensive scientific map has been forecasted suitable opportunities and areas for skill training in secondary education, higher education and other educational institutions, but in this document has not been defined how and mechanism of execution and necessary and sufficient operational transparency for human resources skill training. Thus, it is suggested that steering committee of scientific map monitor and evaluate skill training and increasing skill level of Iranian precious human resources in form of periodic and systematic. In this among is very critical and determinative role and responsibility of schools, universities, parents and business firms for comprehensive participation in skill training and development of capabilities, competencies and skills of the students, university students, personnel, workers and jobseeker young.

In today's fast-growing technology is turning into a competitive advantage for the country. In the meantime, commercialization of academic research is needed to gain competitive advantage in diverse areas of technology.The process of commercializing research helps transform the knowledge produced at universities and research centers into marketable products or industrial processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying factors affecting commercialization of technological research achievements and designing its structural model in the technical and vocational university of Iran.The study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is a mixture.The theoretical community is in the qualitative section of the experts as well as in the quantitative section of the faculty of the technical and vocational university of the country.The sample size was 12 individuals in qualitative section (purposive sampling with theoretical saturation) and 100 in the quantitative section (Random Proportional Class).Data gathering tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher questionnaires.Based on the results, factors promoting and promoting the culture of commercialization and entrepreneurship, creating innovation and competitive advantage in the market, speed of operation, development of technology parks and national growth and laboratory centers and, ultimately, risk taking; Technological universities are in the technical and vocational university of the country.

Vocational education a Key role in employment because of the training and skills needed to enable people to get jobs. the importance of the role of technical and vocational education in economic development and employment, It has tried to orient the system towards the development of technical and vocational education with the aim of educating the community on the skills and skills needed. On the other hand, competency-based education is an educational model in technical and vocational education that focuses on professional competencies. According to this, the aim of this study is to investigate the content of technical and vocational textbooks based on the level of attention to professional competencies. In this study, content analysis method has been used. The statistical population includes all technical and vocational books that comprise 589 books in the cluster of technical and non-technical technical courses in 41 fields. Using the sampling method, four workshop books were aimed at innovation, entrepreneurship, application of new technologies, work environment requirements and production management, common among all disciplines. A tool for measuring was the researcher-made checklist of content analysis. For data analysis based on content analysis method, Shannon entropy technique was used. Content validity was obtained using CVR 0.90.The agreement coefficient for the reliability evaluation was 0.90, too. The results of this research in the reviewed books indicate that, in total, 558 frequencies are considered as a component of technical and non-technical competencies. The highest frequency was related to non-technical competencies. In the component of technical competency, the highest frequency with respect to skill index was observed with 72 frequency and non-technical competency component with respect to business skill index was with 154 frequency.

The gap between industry and university education, along with the incompatibility of these educations with labor market needs, leads to a steady increase in the unemployment rate of university graduates. This study, therefore, has aimed to propose a skill-oriented model for vocational students using grounded theory.This research is an exploratory approach in terms of purpose, and has drawn upon descriptive-analytical approach.The statistical population of the research for the first stage is previous literature published in the domain of skill-orientation which was selected by simple and accessible sampling procedure. The statistical population consists of the second stage of education were the experts who were selected by purposeful sampling method in four focus groups, each including six persons.Mixed method (quantitative and qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics) was used to analyze the data using MAXQDA. The findings were divided into six categories, namely causal categories, strategic categories, contextual categories, intervention categories, and outcomes, and suggestions were also provided.

Entrepreneurship subject Root to the length of human history and as the world's most economic potential, expanding rapidly. Entrepreneurship is one of the main pillars of growth and development in any country, which it considers the driving force of economic growth and development of the country. Since a large part of society is women and in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the level of education and employment of women in Iranian society, so paying attention to the entrepreneurial activities of this group of people can contribute to economic development. Researchers believe that women's entrepreneurship activities have a prominent role in the economy of nations, and not only generate economic benefits, but also create social and cultural benefits. Promotion of entrepreneurial activities in the women’s sector can be an effective stimulus to the country's economic development and growth. In addition, many governments have managed to overcome the crises of their societies in the economic crisis, by taking measures and policies and using the workforce of women to succeed in the path of development.
In this article, it has tried to describe the necessity and importance of entrepreneurship in the development and growth of the country while providing a definition of women’s entrepreneurship. The library method has used to collect information in this research.

Authenic leaders, through their particular efforts in higher education, can excite the inner motivation of the workforce to develop creative behaviors. Thus this research was effect of authenic leadership on human resource creativity with mediating role of internal motivation. Research type was descriptive correlative and statistical population consisted all of staffs' in University of Kashan (N=547) that by using Cochran Formula and strafied randomized sampling 230 ones were chosen as sample. To gathering datas used from authenic leadership, creativity and internal motivation standard questionnaires. Questionnaires constuction validity through confirmed factor analysis confrimed. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, questionnaires reliability were obtained equal to 0.88 for authenic leadership, 0.85 for creativity and 0.94 for internal motivation. Data analyses done in two level descriptive & inferential statistics through Spss & Amos softwares. Finding showed mean of variables and components of authenic leadership, creativity and internal motivation were upper than average. Correlation coefficient showed authenic leadership 0.49 and internal motivation 0.34 on creativity have positive & significant effect.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between communication skills of managers and leadership style with human resources empowerment in Shariati faculty of technology. The statistical population of the study was Shari'ati faculty staff, whose number was 300. According to Morgan's table, the minimum number of samples was 174 people who were selected to answer the questionnaire. The method of collecting library and field information has been. This research is an applied and descriptive survey. Data collection was a questionnaire prepared by several standard questionnaires that was integrated by the researcher. Questionnaires were prepared based on theoretical studies and the Likert Five options. Content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by faculty members and positive experts, and a confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the construct validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was confirmed by using content validity with the opinion of professors and construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential methods (Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman test). The results of correlation analysis indicated that there is a relationship between leadership style and communication skills with staff empowerment. The leadership style was not confirmed by the partnership style leadership style, but the relationship between benevolent and consultative leadership style was confirmed. Also, dimensions of communication skills of managers were significantly correlated with employee empowerment.

Cooperatives have a very important and effective role in popular participation and community empowerment through the entrepreneurship strategy and sustainable businesses development in the rural development process. Doing this role requires attention to education and research in the management structure of this social organization with the presence of all the organs and members of rural cooperatives. From another aspect, Participatory action research is a scientific method for systematic definition and description of the real world problems and it helps to design and implementation of appropriate solutions in various fields significantly. The purpose of this research was to investigation of the philosophy, concept and characteristics of participatory action research and its role in the development of education and research related to the field of rural entrepreneur cooperatives. This is a review article and the library method and targeted literature review in related domestic and international essays and books have been used to gather information. According to results, Action research method unlike the other methods that research and action are two completely separate areas, address both subject in a cycle process simultaneously. Focusing on the issue, the emphasis on practical action and change, mutual cooperation, trust and attention to the common standards of the researcher and the demandant for change and evolution (cooperative members) and group participation makes up while finding ways to solve the problem and empowering the local community, the new knowledge and skills for entrepreneurship are created in the agricultural cooperatives. Therefore, in response to the fundamental question of the research, it can be said that because of the proximity and conceptual similarity between the cooperatives’ principles and the theoretical infrastructures of participatory action research, this paradigm is a suitable model for implementation in the management of rural entrepreneur cooperatives.

The current paper investigates and prioritizes the educational needs of Ardakan University staff in three fields: knowledge, skill and attitude. The research is an applied and descriptive survey. The statistical population is all the 48 personnell of Ardakan University and a questionnaire is used to gather the data. The validity of questionnaire is assessed using experts’ opinion. For testing reliability, a test run were done and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. After filling the questionnaires, normality tests were done in the three fields of knowledge, skill and attitude. To find the educational needs, the gap between current state and the desired one was tested using parametric t test. The results show a statistical difference between the current state and the desired one in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude. It means that personnel need some educational courses in these fields. Since the gap between current state and the desired one was significant, the three fields were prioritized.

The aim of the system Nmad Use of computers and equipment communication for collecting, storing, processing, extracting trends giving students information management. Considering the fact that organizations evolve in a dynamic and competitive Current competitive are looking to increase performance. To achieve this objective, management information systems in organizations are considered significant investments have suffered a lot for the development of the Systems. So, understanding the value and effectiveness of management information systems, and justify the investment made in developing these systems is essential. The aim of this study was to comment on the performance of computer nemad in the technical schools in Isfahan. This study was a descriptive survey, the target population consists of all users (Managers, assistants, specialists and technicians) nmad systems and professional technical schools in Isfahan were a total of 35 persons. The number 32 Kerjcie and Morgan table is selected. For data collection tools in the form of interviews and questionnaires used Likert questionnaire's face validity and content based on the principles and research background System designers and technical schools and professional users icon was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, equal to 84/0, respectively. Data obtained using descriptive and inferential statistics spss software analyzed.

showed that reducing waste and costs, to perform activities of daily rate reduction and energy saving most important factor is the use of a Nmad system. Effect on the speed of service, coverage, daily activities, and improve system flexibility and ease of use of the criterion for the selection of the point of view of the people under investigation. The system needs to symbolize the desire and willingness to use the system, are important prerequisites for the establishment of a system of Nmad.Effectiveness of maintenance and ease of use with system software nmad satisfaction is the most important factor. Also improve the quality of services to students, the better the rate of increase in the size and number of the most important indicators of change in the daily activities of users from the point of view of the nmad is.

After analyzing data collected from users (administrators, assistants, specialists and technicians) Professional technical schools, the city, the importance of the system of selection criteria, requirements of the system, satisfaction with the systems, forecast possible changes in system performance and system status nmsd for the state to appropriate users and professional technical schools. And managers need to develop and equip and upgrade the knowledge and skills to plan and special attention are the nmad system users.

This study examines the effects of profit smoothing Using profit maximization and minimization approaches on the decline Risk of falling stock prices at listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange .In this research you have data 70 companies have been analyzed using Eviews econometric software during the years 1396-1389.The results show that the first hypothesis is investigated There is no significant relationship between profit smoothing and the risk of falling stock prices in companies with profit maximization approach. The results of the second hypothesis study also show There is a significant relationship between earnings smoothing and the risk of falling stock prices in companies with a profit minimization approach.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence with the motivation of progress in students of Mazandaran Technical and Professional University. The research method was descriptive information collecting method of correlation type and in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population is composed of all college students and colleges of the technical and vocational college of Mazandaran province. The sample size was 326 people according to Krejcie and Morgan tables. They were selected by simple random sampling from the statistical population. Data were collected by a questionnaire, three questionnaires including the Saeed-Shirin's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (33 questions), David King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (24 questions), and Hartre's Educational Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (33 questions). The results showed: 1- There was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in the students of the technical and professional university. 2- There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and developmental motivation in students of technical and vocational education in Mazandaran province. 3- There is a meaningful relationship between spiritual intelligence and the motivation of progress in the students of the technical and professional university. 4- The amount of emotional intelligence in female students of Mazandaran technical and vocational school is better than Mazandaran technical and professional university. 5- The motivation for academic achievement in female students is more than male students of technical and vocational education in Mazandaran province. 6- According to the results, it can be said that enhancement of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in students increases the motivation of their academic achievement. In this way, the need for further study by the researchers and the actions of the relevant authorities in this regard is felt in order to increase the motivation for progress in the students.

The current study is an attempt to investigate the effect of Knowledge of English on academic achievement motivation and self-esteem among students at Fatemiyeh technical faculty of Bandar Abbas. The research was applied and descriptive-survey method was used. The population consists of undergraduate female students of Fatemiyeh Technical Faculty of Bandar Abbas in the first semester of the academic year of 1395-96. The available and purposeful sampling method was applied. After collecting through Herman’s motivation achievement questionnaire, Eysenck self-esteem questionnaire and Nelson Knowledge of English test, data were analyzed on the basis of inferential statistics. According to the result the differences among Knowledge of English averages among the participants are significant. But the difference between the averages of motivation achievement and self-esteem is not statistically significant. Also, the effect of Knowledge of English on academic achievement motivation and self-esteem is significant. And the interaction between Knowledge of English and the field of study and the simultaneous effect of these two independent variables on the dependent variable, academic achievement motivation, as well as the interaction between Knowledge of English and the field of study and the simultaneous effect of these two independent variables on the dependent variable, self-esteem, are not statistically significant.