مجله علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 47 (تابستان 1398)

In spite of the foundational foundations of religion and state, with the advent of the Safavid dynasty as the first national government in Iran that led to the interconnection of religion and state, the foundations of the monarchy enjoyed religious legitimacy, and the clerics and scholars of Shia also play a fundamental role in promoting the Shia culture , The foundation for the practice of Shia jurisprudential laws and regulations, the restoration of good faith and the prohibition of denial, the provision of public goods and the defense of the rights of the people, and finally the deepening and expansion of scientific discussions in all major Islamic and Islamic civilizations; Where the clergy could become the political force by establishing the authority of authority. Despite the tensions of this religion and the monarchy, this political force, with the origin of legitimacy from monarchy to Qajar period, continued its work in the public-political sphere of Iran, but with the constitutional revolution and the active role played by it, it was revisited in the discourse of Islamic renewal By providing a revolutionary modernization, alone, by creating a challenge to the royal system in the next Iranian revolution and in the form of a discourse returning to Islamic self. The present article gives an overview of the role of Shiite authority and clerics in the constitutionalist discourse of Iran through the documentary method.

Reza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significant role in making Reza Khan get into power through their intellectual and practical support should be mentioned. The intellectuals of this period considered the saving path of country in establishment of "authorized government", "expansion of nationalism" and "authoritarian modernization" by avoiding the constitutional ideals and perceived the satisfaction of these ideas in Reza Khan's personality. Thus, in their publications which they published until Reza Khan Kingdom, they pursued these ideas and were united in fulfillment of them through establishment of a superior and concentrated political power. The coalition between Reza Khan and intellectuals leads to enhancement of political status of Reza Khan and succeeded in providing a map for his future government which he tried to implement during his 20 years of presence in politics

The fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consumption of water in various fields have led to the emergence of sensitive conditions. Which many economists from the 21st century called the Hydropolitan Century. Therefore, in the relations of political units in areas where rainfall is low, water will create future tensions. The purpose of this research is descriptive-analytical study of the effect of hydro-polytechnic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We seek to answer this question. What impact of the hydropolitic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It seems that Hirmand hydro-politics in various aspects of political, military, economic, cultural and especially environmental affects the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and cooperation in the Hirmand joint area requires attention to the approach to environmental security and the search for solutions for joint cooperation Within the framework of this approach.

The NATO as the military-political and security alliance,after 11 Sep.attacks, is trying to manage the geostrategic and geopolitical challenages in the Afghanistan( in the Middle East ). Based on this idea, the NATO is to adjust and developed.They believed, the US hegemony from the middle of past century till now,is what is the impact of economic and political and security of NATO alliance.The United States during the hegemonic period consider crises as the influence opportunities is to lead to stability of hegemony. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran.

All human society do experience many political units that their participiant forms, ways and instruments was diffirent. Now, the form of nation – state is accepted one, more or less, formally it’s criteria are hold by societies. But, in Iran that always have experience of tribal sovereignty, kind and method of political participation is on transitional stage, and still their actors couldn’t passage from tribal spirit to party system. This spirit have a special appearance in tribal province, as Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. Then, the problem of this article is explanation the relation between tribal spirit and political participation in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. The method that be used in this research is mixture of geodistic and theoretical. Thus, by reliance on field and theoretical method, we gathered the data, meantime study the theoretical foundation on the elections deal with kind of political participation, and the role of tribal identity and study the people electoral behavier in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province in the Islamic council assembly on the differ periods. This study conclude that there are relation between political participation and tribal spirit in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Results also show their political participation not diffirent in terms of tribe and education.

Relations with Ukraine in Russian foreign policy became, not only geopolitically and geo-strategically, important after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia's relations with Ukraine as a neighbor country in the region have embraced a painful separation and reflects the complex process of mutual identification in both countries. Hence, the Ukrainian crisis has always been responded to by Russian hardware power, the latest of which was the crisis in the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov, which has faced Russia's strict response to the Poroshenko’s sabotages. The present article seeks to answer the question of how Russia has managed the Ukrainian crisis and what techniques and tools have been used? The answer to this question is that the logic of the Russian approach to managing international crises suggests that, because of the importance of Ukraine for this country, Russia has managed the crisis in Ukraine in the form of crisis management models based on asymmetric, single line and single-multi-polar balance of powers, using hardware and software levers. The research methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical strategy.

1054/5000 Given the special situation that the Islamic Republic has faced since its inception and the various economic sanctions imposed in this period, various measures have been taken to respond to the rules on investment and capital attraction. Among these measures, the economy of resistance is in the executive order of the executive governments. But this plan has not only been restored to its place, but misunderstandings in this field have put their aim in another direction. On the other hand, economic diplomacy, which is now undergoing political diplomacy, is trying to create an environment suitable for attracting foreign investors and capital. Perhaps the preferential agreements are uncontested and the nature of economic diplomacy, but with the components of the resistance economy as well as the expansion of regional trade exchanges, on the one hand, and the approval of investment facilitation regulations, positive results can be drawn. It was achieved in this field. However, this paper seeks to explain and analyze the feasibility of the components of a resilient economy, with economic diplomacy to dominate regional trade and the gradual liberalization of the country's economy along with comprehensive regulations.

Joining the World Trade Organization opens up a competitive market to Iranian producers through which they can market their capabilities. As a country that is not a member of the World Trade Organization, which is responsible for the free trade and full mobility of goods and services worldwide, it will not be able to compete in global markets. International competition law is also cited as one of the essentials and factors contributing to the success of free market economies. If there is healthy competition among production and distribution actors, economic efficiency will rise and public welfare will increase and violations of international competition law will have adverse effects on economic efficiency. Therefore, legal systems are designed to counteract anti-competitive practices and to compensate for them by designing legal mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine Iran's WTO membership process from the perspective of international competition law. This study raises the question: what are the challenges in terms of Iran's international competition rights to join the World Trade Organisation? Descriptive-analytically evaluates the hypothesis that from the perspective of Iran's international competition for membership in the World Trade Organisation, there must be a great deal of effort in reforming laws and regulations, industrial and economic infrastructure, global quality production, business environment, banking system and Customs and privatisation. The findings of the study also prove this.