مجله علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 39 (تابستان 1396)

One of the most important and most sensitive issues in the Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy and diplomacy on Iran after the incident, undoubtedly the most important controversial nationalization of the oil industry, the Iranian nuclear crisis major world powers, regional nuclear policy Iran equally affected the nuclear activities of Iran's policies of regional and global,policy Iran equally affected the nuclear activities of Iran's policies of regional and global, so that by highlighting the problem of hot and controversial nuclear Iran, especially in recent decades, conflicts units from time to time as the conflict promotes less violent that the among the negative propaganda of the West and some of the Middle East, extreme sensitivity on the issue Iran's nuclear created a tangible impact access and security policies in the Middle East, creates a hostile reaction in the so that by highlighting the problem of hot and controversial nuclear Iran, especially in recent decades, conflicts units from time to time as the conflict promotes less violent that the among the negative propaganda of the West and some of the M actors Al, a significant change in the political climate - not the Middle East security and "the threat of regional hegemony" has replaced nuclear threat.

Funding is operating engine of terrorist organizations (national and international Salafist armed organizations) in the Middle East. However, some of these organizations, such as Taliban and ISIS, with the establishment of the so-called state, have loaded the costs of welfare spending of their dominated areas to costs of their war and survival. Hence, consideration of different patterns indicates that national and International Salafist armed organizations, by benefiting from a vast financial network of NGOs, have achieved self-government. But it seems true that this autonomy is based on the determination of some governments to use these organizations for certain changes in the international system in order to achieve their relative benefits. Based on this pattern, the terrorist organizations in the Middle East, by serving the interests of one or more state actors, continue funding their network and thus have retained their survival. Relying on the doctrine of realism regarding the anarchic international system, the only way to undermine or destroy the national and international organization of Salafist financial network in the Middle East is implementing a strategy for increasing the costs of changes in the international system and prevent certain governments to the benefits that result from this process.

One of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international system requirements and possible disadvantages of the new that can impact the behavior of States other hand, the Middle East due to its diverse structure, identity and the complex has always been one of the international sub-systems influenced the international system. in this sense, trends, processes, cooperation, competition and conflict in this complex area also influenced the structure. In this format, the main question of the paper on which are formed, what effect on the structure of international conflicts in the Middle East? that in this area because of the different configuration of power, [22] Brzezinski, Zbigniew, (2012), Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, Basic Books [23] Haass, Richard N.(May/June2008), ”The Age of Nonpolarity: What will Follow U.S Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.87, No.3, [24] Rosecrance. Richard N. (1969),“Bipolarity, Multipolarity and the Future” In James N. Rosenau (ed.). International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory. (New York: The Free Press [25] Zakaria, Fareed, (2008), "The Post-American World", New York: Norton Company

In the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly affected its political ideology, and it is something in the political does believe; if librali freedom of people or other political concepts to the principle of criminal policy to know, necessity and ghirakifri interventions-in case srkobgraneh-deal crime tend to be based on the political dimension, or if your Government maintains institutions based on relevant government authority or other security considerations are also the necessity of legislation on aspects of the crime of providing hard, restrictive laws and approval of the invasive and often of freedom of citizens believing they find ‌; however, has always been between the Government, religious and democratic principles of legitimacy and ghirdini in the range of powers of the State in the Affairs of the Special legislation and the various differences there is lots of crime negligent treatment; hence the Islamic Republic of Iran Democratic religious Government; as ‌ (a religious democracy) includes the first batch

The present article seeks to examine the impact of the international system structure on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, it examines the impact of this structure on the three states of Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Hassan Rouhani. Considering that the most important case of Iran's foreign policy in these three countries is a nuclear file Therefore, the main focus of the discussion is on the nuclear policy and the extent of the impact of the major decisions of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the structure of the international system. The present paper's claim is that large powers have been using deterrent mechanisms such as military threats and economic sanctions To gradually change the nuclear policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Indeed, the suspension of the enrichment in Khatami's government in the face of a military threat, the international isolation of Iran in the Ahmadinejad government, and the signing of a state of affairs in the eleventh state due to the pressure of economic sanctions Indicating the effectiveness of domestic policies and decision of political agents of Iran has been based on the structure of the international system and the effective powers in this structure.

Persian Gulf region, an important strategic region since past. In this region, traditions and Arabic and Islamic values is an important part of the identity of the Arab people and their governments. This region is also very important because of the availability of fossil fuels. With income from oil and gas sales, economic modern Structure creates in the Arab countries of South Persian Gulf, but their political structure, on the base Constitutions and Legislature, remains in the form of a kingdom of traditional, conservative and hereditary families, that are not democratic. On the other hand, most Arab countries in the south of the Persian Gulf are vulnerable to internal and external factors due to their weaknesses in political structures and power. For this reason, they have tried to enter an integrate in an organization called the Gulf Cooperation Council and create a secure society. Integration is based on the legal framework of countries, So, the question is: What is the role of the Constitutions and legislatures of these countries in integration between them? For answer the question, this research use descriptive-analytical method. The results of research show that integration between countries need to democracy and democratic institutes and the Arab countries of membership of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, on the base of traditions and Arabic and Islamic values and their Constitutions and Legislature, is not democratic, therefore integration between these countries has been stopped and is not Successful.

Scientific and cultural centers are one of the most important centers of thought and production of science and play a key role in scientific advancement, as well as in stimulating the intellectual, religious, cultural and political movements of every society. Al-Azhar as one of the most important Egyptian universities, but also the Islamic world, has since undergone various ups and downs and has had a major impact on the political, social and cultural developments in Egypt. The present paper, which uses the analytical-descriptive methodology and the historical-analytical sociology approach, seeks to analyze the role of al-Azhar in Egyptian political and cultural trends and developments since the revolution of 2011, which have historic implications that affect the efficiency of this institution. Study in Egyptian society. The results of the research show that al-Azhar, as one of the most important religious institutions in Egypt and in the Sunni world, played a marginal role during the revolution and could not affect the course of the revolution, as a review of the news and events of Egypt and al-Azhar since the January 25th revolution 2011, which led to the fall of Mubarak's dictatorship, suggests that Al-Azhar's role has not only been progressive and effective, but also passive and, at best, impartial, and the cause of this situation must be more than anything else in Al-Azhar's historical affiliation The government searched Egypt.