نشریه انرژی ایران
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 81، زمستان 1397)

This paper uses from a New Keynesian model with microeconomic approach to survey effective channels of monetary policy in Iran on supply and demand of energy (oil and natural gas). This paper surveys effective factors on energy supply and demand in Iran and uses from data of 1969-2014 and SUR method for estimation. For analysis effects of energy price on macroeconomic variables from demand side, uses from IS curve and for supply channel, Philips curve is used. Estimation results reveal that monetary policy is affected on energy supply and demand directly with interest rate channel and indirectly from energy price which itchr('39')s effect on energy demand is more than supply. As estimation results of Philips curve and IS curve, energy price has meaningful effect on inflation and production in Iran. Which negative effect of energy price increasing on production is more than inflation.

Due to low cost, evaporative coolers are used in most of the central regions and in the warm and dry climate of Iran and are considered as one of the major consumers of electrical power. Most evaporative coolers use single-phase induction motors by connecting directly to the power grid. But their eefficiency is very low, and their replacement with high efficiency electric motors is considered by government bodies. Today, the use of permanent magnet brushless motors has been considered in many industrial and home applications. In this paper, the details of using the brushless motors in the application of the evaporative cooler are presented and the requirements and standards for designing and manufacturing the brushless motor and its drive are stated. A 0.5 hp brushless motor and its drive are designed and built. This motor is tested by a dynamometer and standard testing equipment. Also, the 5000 m3h evaporative cooler equipped with this brushless motor is tested in the reference laboratory. The results obtained in both tests are compared with single-phase induction motor test results. The results demonstrate an increase of at least 60% energy consumption compared to evaporative coolers equipped to single-phase induction motors. Also, the economic considerations and extra cost of brushless motors and other technical considerations are discussed in this article. The results indicate that the use of brushless motors in this application can be a huge step in saving energy, protecting the environment and reducing the problems caused by electricity consumption in the country.

The expansion of cities, as well as the increasing need of humans for energy, have led humans to seek solutions for the use of renewable energy. Considering the importance of the subject, studies has also been carried out in the field of architecture, in which one of the most important objective of sustainable development is the reduction of energy consumption in the building sector. This objective can be achieved by presenting climatic architecture pattern in any region. one of the affecting factors on climate architecture is the orientation and form of the concept of buildings, which has been studied in this research (study).This study with sustainable development objectives, first is investigating native architecture and regional climate information and then studies affecting factors on reduction energy consumption in residential buildings in Savadkouh city, in order to achievement appropriate orientation and building form. The study method was qualitative – analytical and 40 years old residential buildings (that are selected due to the repetition of these forms) simulated with Design Builder modeling software and its radiation energy has been analyzed. Also after analysis conducted with Design Builder Modeling Software, it is concluded that building`s form is affected on absorbed radiation energy in external shell and (its overall energy of building) and does not affect other matters(cases) significantly. And also among existing concepts, the U –plan has the most and L- plan has the least amount of energy. As a result, elongation of buildings in the east-west direction, and L-concept is the most appropriate response to using solar energy and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings.

With population growth and progress of human society and human life needs to energy sources and also environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels, many countries are looking to use clean energy sources. Wind energy is one of them. In this paper was to evaluate the potential of wind energy in Yazd city. After review and analysis of meteorological data from 2011 to 2014 by software, the annual average wind speed at a height of 50 meters, 3.174 m/s and wind power density of 54 W/m2 was obtained show that the city of Yazd does not have good potential to exploit wind energy.

Cooling is one of the most influential factors to provide thermal comfort. The inactive cooling systems for residential environments can help us consume non-renewable natural resources. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of solar windproof and chimney, saving in energy consumption, and reducing environmental problems. This research is implemented with a review of the Rasoolian House in Yazd as a case study and simulation, to measure the performance of solar windproof and chimney on the improvement of natural ventilation and its effect on thermal comfort. The results indicate that the adding a solar chimney and the formation of natural suction and utilizing the water flow in the movement of air, have a naturally significant effect on the relative humidity of the temperature, without the use of any abnormal energy, causing the thermal comfort in that place.

Todays, attention to renewable energies and decrease the use of fossil fuels is priority for countries. With the help of economics criteria, studied Economic evaluation of projects and then several financing scenarios are reviewed for these projects based on levelising the cost. In economic evaluation, both wind projects were economical, and based on the four scenarios in this study that include feed in tariff, Investments, R&D, and revenue-to-expenditure ratios for decrease emissions, the best scenario is based on reduction in the levelising cost is associated to the financial instrument of production or feed in tariff. To determine the most appropriate financial channels we used The AHP hierarchical approach which Based on that he best channels are obtained by foreign monetary institutions, foreign finance, stock exchange, National Development Fund, Bank and Pension Fund.

Global warming, environmental pollution, fossil resources reduction, the increased demand and price of energy carriers, and various international social and political consequences are among the problems of traditional energy generation and distribution system. In the traditional generation systems, about two-thirds of energy is wasted and the presence of scattered energy resources such as photovoltaics, wind farms, and the simultaneous generation of power and heat can lead to the reduction of fuel consumption and losses, and the high efficiency of micro-grids. This is not realized except by changing energy consumption policies and using the privatization potential for energy production, transmission, and distribution. In this research, the 24-hour energy management optimization of a micro grid, including scattered photovoltaic and wind energy resources, was investigated by complying with uncertainty and the simultaneous generation of power and heat beside demand response program in a 33-bus micro grid connected to the main grid. The obtained results show that by implementing demand response program when the power and heat sources are switched on simultaneously, the micro grid has earned a profit of 70% during the year, and in addition to saving energy and reducing the cost of consumers, the use of such units beside each other has caused a reduction in the power outage, and led to appropriate demand response, and consequently, satisfaction of the power and heat customers.