پژوهشنامه نهج البلاغه
پیاپی 31 (پاییز 1399)

Achieving correct historical knowledge and using it at the level of individual and social life of man, requires recognizing and removing the harms that threaten the lesson-teaching feature of history and its usefulness. Imam Ali has repeatedly addressed the matter of history in Nahj Al-Balaghah. After he first considers the historical knowledge to be possible to achieve in different spots and then considers it very important, he introduces obstacles and harms of historical understanding and forewarned his addressees. These harms appear in three general pivots. Not paying attention to the orderliness of history is a harm, which makes history merely a useless knowledge that is stocked in the past. Other harm is being careless about the correct standards of criticizing history. Relying on the dark and unknown spots of history, not separating the benefits and harms of history and insisting on the useless aspects of history are among the harms that occur in this field. The third harm that hurts the historical knowledge is neglecting the history lessons and not using them in practice. Stopping at the stage of studying and explaining the historical knowledge and not preparing a mechanism for using the fruit of historical knowledge in individual and public human behavior is the most serious harm that appears in the path of achieving the historical knowledge. The present stud has counted, analyzed and explained the harms of historical knowledge as introduced at the words of Ali in Nahj Al-Balaghah, by using library resources and in a descriptive-analytical method.

From the point of view of Nahj al-Balagha's letters, one of the most important strategic principles in the realm of governance is the principle of "general satisfaction", which requires a long-term operational plan and successful implementation of it requires several tactics. The main issue of the paper is that from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah's letters, what Tactics can this strategic principle be realized? From the Nahj al-Balaghah letters, we can deduce a number of operational tactics with a descriptive analytical method to realize this strategic principle. These tactics in the aspect of negation are five principles: abstaining from autocracy, avoidance of rente, avoidance of bad promise, avoidance of violence and avoidance of coercion of the people. In a positive aspect, there are seven principles: support for the needy, informing people, accompanying them in hardship, allowing them to criticize, treating them equally, direct communication and apologizing for the wrong assumption. This paper believes that the strategy of "general satisfaction" is not fully addressed in the Islamic Basic Document of Iran, and some of the above principles have not been addressed; therefore, it is necessary to consider this principle in completing and promoting it. The basis of the proposals has been raised.

Enforcing justice is one of the basic and intrinsic needs in society. It is also one of the fundamental principles in government. From Hazrat Ali viewpoint (pbuh), government is the most important branch for inquiring the affairs, providing services, public welfare and well-being and solving materialistic and spiritual matters. Therefore, in Imam Ali’s governmental methodology, justice had basic and determinative status in regulating social life of human beings. Nahjolbalagheh has frequently emphasized on justice and enforcing it in society and political affairs,and Hazrat’s attempts for enforcing justice in society indicates the importance of this matter in political autonomy of Islam. Besides the Hazrat’s effective attempts and endeavours for enforcing justice in society, the history indicated that the prominent and glorious thought of Alavi government encounters with some obstacles. This paper is a descriptive-analytic one which tries to answer this question that from Nahjolbalagheh viewpoint, what barriers do cause not enforcing justice in society? Surveying the statements of Hazrat Ali (pbuh) in Nahjolbalagbeh indicates that some barriers in individualistic, social and economical fields like materialistic, monopoly, discrimination, violating the rules, bribe, hoarding, insincerity, people’s cultural weakness and etc. Are the barriers which disrupt enforcing justice in society and affrays comfort and security among people

Considering the importance of knowledge management (KM) in current organizations; in this article, we have tried to find out attitudes and important points about knowledge management in Imam Ali’s (AS) Sire and provide some strategies to improve knowledge management in organizations and facilitate the implementation of it. In this article, based on the knowledge management cycle, we investigated in Nahj al-Balaghah & Qorar al-Hekam and Dorar al-Kalem, then the reinforcing and balancing Dynamism identified (Casual Loop diagram) and has been modeled based on System Dynamics approach. In the following, we tested the model then formulated and simulated it. In the end, based on simulated results, we suggested some strategies: identify Knowledge Separation Indicators, knowledge management strategy based on the need of the individual, moving towards creating a learning organization through the learning of each individual, Identifying barriers to knowledge sharing and its growth engines, developing an appropriate human resource training strategy.

“Sovereignty” has been one of the fundamental concepts in public law that Without understanding it, one cannot have a correct understanding of the modern state. The present article discusses this issue in Nahj al-Balaghah and it has answered to the quastion: from the perspective of public law, what is the concept of sovereignty in the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah? In answer to the question, using the research method analytical descriptive, it has been tried first, to be told a documentary of Nahj al-Balaghah about the question. Then, it has reviewed the consequences of the public law. The research results are that first; In Nahj al-Balaghah, there are three types of perceptions of "sovereignty." Second; first kind of sovereignty that is the type of “crative”; that is particular of God. Third; second level in teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah, the concept of sovereignty has not mentioned to the meaning of modern age in rather than, the word basically, has mentioned with governor, sovereign, kingdom and ruler. Thus, in ancient world, the sovereignty has not mentioned as a legal institution of autonomous and independent, but it is incorporate the concept of public law conceptions that is to the other of goals. according such of dependence, “sovereignty” with “to govern” has fragil boundary of meaning and fanctional. Fourth; The third level of sovereignty is the type of “political”; is particular of people and there is no relating ring between people and God, but the joining relationship is the internal conception of the Moslems, and this perception is closest to the modern concept of sovereignty. Fifth; The recent conception of sovereignty has important implications for modern public law.

Managers and their decisions are the chief factors of people’s mundane and here-after prosperity. This research aimed to identify the effective criteria on the managers’ competencies and to plan an efficient model for the managers’ election and promotion. The research method was qualitative, content analysis type, and content analysis method was employed to analyze the information. Data collection references were the Koranic verses and Nahjol-balagha speeches, and analysis unit included the content of those verses and speeches. Searching Koran and Nahjol-balagha soft-wares for such terms as competency,managers, mandation, and supervision. The results of the research showed that four themes supervise the managers’ competencies which include; vital competency as the first theme (patience, justice, honesty, flexibility, originality, well-experience, custodianship, gratitude, self-esteem, anti-corruption), convergential competency as the second theme (connivance, forgiveness, concordance, purposiveness, consultancy, popularity, non-aggressiveness, benevolence), ultra-imaginative competency as the third theme (motivation, cheerfulness, prospectiveness, criticizability, commitment, mercy, workaholicity, lucrativeness, awareness), and evolutionary competency as the fourth theme (insight, transparency, pragmatism, time-management, perseverance, confidence toward staff, self-reserve, hopefulness, conclusiveness).

The present age, with regards to increased psychological and social harms, cognition resilience and resilience characteristics can make people resistant to stressors, anxiety, and protect of people against the factors that cause many psychological problems and also increase the positive functions of their lives. The purpose of this article is to study resilience and resilience characteristics from the perspective of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this study, resilience characteristics in Nahj al-Balaghah include; self-awareness, self-esteem, social communication, foresight, self-control, meaning-finding, patience, forbearance, endurance and perseverance were obtained. Therefore, can from the theoretical guidelines extracted from Nahj al-Balaghah about resilience skills and its characteristics, programs based on resilience issues in Nahj al-Balaghah can be designed to cope with stressful situations, So that be able to protect the people Against risky behaviors.