مجله دانشکده علوم پزشکی نیشابور
پیاپی 28 (پاییز 1399)

Due to the high consumption of dietary supplements and the need to identify the factors affecting consumption to design effective interventions, the aim of the present review is to the factors affecting the consumption of supplements in studies conducted on healthy adults between 1996 and 2020.

The present study was conducted by reviewing 584 articles from the last 24 years and searching the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct Springer, Cochrane, Embase, Medlib, Magiran, SID, and the Google Scholar search engine. Based on the PRISMA guide, 54 articles were selected and reviewed.

Most cross-sectional and cohort studies have shown the effect of gender, education, and age on dietary supplement consumption. The only trial study showed the effect of gender and only a review study showed the effect of gender, age, education, and income. Women take supplements more than men. With increasing education, age, physical activity, body mass, and income dietary supplements consumption increases. Other factors such as smoking, race and ethnicity, chronic diseases, alcohol consumption, living in a metropolitan, marriage, lifestyle, perceived health, and higher health awareness, drug use, and self-efficacy have also affected consumption.

The studies have been limited to examining the relationship between demographic factors and use and less attention has been paid to factors such as awareness and beliefs about supplement use. Therefore, in order to achieve more definitive results and increase the efficiency of interventions designed in the field of consumption of these supplements, it seems necessary to conduct prospective and intervention studies.

 Recently, the study of the impact of art on human performance has attracted many researchers. Also, art can improve academic performance and personal growth of medical graduates. At the same time, little attention has been paid to the role of art in medical education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of art in medical education from the viewpoint of Birjand University of Medical Sciences students, and to analyze the studentschr('39') practical approach to using art and their different attitudes about the successful and effective impact of the art on education.

 Material & methods:

 The descriptive-analytical research was performed on Birjand University of Medical Sciences students in 2018-2019. Valid and reliable questionnaires were made available to students electronically (mobile application). 

 Totally, 101 students including 38 male students and 63 female students were included in the study. The results showed that 27% of students were pursuing a particular artistic discipline. Over 80% of students were engaged in artistic activity while studying, in this issue the music was introduced as the most effective art. The students also agreed to integration of art in the curriculum and its infrastructure development. 

  taking advantage of the arts to learn is part of the studentschr('39') daily schedule; yet no formal action has been taken. On the other hand, medical humanities as the basis of the art integration in medical education require serious introduction and practical attention

Bee venoms (BV) are composed of a complex mixture of components which present several biological and biochemical activities. Therefore, purification of BV and investigation of its biochemical properties can be useful in understanding its therapeutic aspects. In the present study, venom was extracted from Apis mellifera honey bees and it was biochemically characterized.

The venom of Apis mellifera bee was selected and its protein concentration was determined. Purification of venom was performed with Sephadex G-50 chromatography. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to determine the protein profile of BV and its fractions. Hemolytic activity of venom was investigated. Biochemical tests were performed on control (with a normal diet) and three experimental groups (with different doses of venom).

Crude venom protein concentration was about 4.1 mg/ml. The chromatogram showed three large peaks and melittin account for about 50% of the BV. By electrophoresis, it was found that the venom has compounds with molecular weight of 3 to 90 kD, including melittin, phospholipase, hyaluronidase, acid phosphomonoesterase. The hemolytic test showed HD50 of melittin at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml. Biochemical tests on the control and the three experimental groups showed that when venom dose increased in the three experimental groups; the group with the highest venom dose (0.1 mg/ml) showed the highest decrease in serum parameters compared to the control group.

BV, especially melittin, has a significant hemolytic activity and biologically very active, so it can be used to treat some diseases.

The National Health Information Network (NHIN) is a network through which all healthcare providers exchange health information. Since the architecture of such a network is one of the most important factors involved in the design of NHIN; this study aimed to explore the experiences of leading countries in the development of NHIN architecture.

In this descriptive-comparative study, the nationwide health information networks of the United States and the United Kingdom were reviewed. A researcher-made checklist was used to collect information. To obtain information, the websites of the Departments of Health in both countries and scientific databases were reviewed. Then, according to the dimensions of the NHIN architecture, the data entered the checklist and examined and compared

The results of the study identified three approaches to the NHIN architecture. The NHIN architecture in the US, which involves connecting regional health information networks had a bottom-up approach.  The network N3 of the National Health Information Technology Program of the UK with a centralized structure had a top-down approach; and a third approach, known as " Middle -out " was recognized.

Each of the approaches used in the NHIN architecture in the studied countries has advantages and disadvantages, but what matters is the choice of approaches directly linked to the structure and nature of the health system of each country. Developing countries should use one of these approaches or a combination of them to design the NHIN architecture, given the centralization or decentralization of their health systems

Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as a powerful pathogen that causes numerous infections. Today, S.aureus has acquired multiple resistances to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams. Beta-lactamases hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics and are expressed through activation of the blaZ gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of blaZ gene in clinical isolates of S.aureus isolated from Hamadan hospitals.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all S.aureus strains were randomly selected and transferred to the laboratory. In clinical isolates confirmed by biochemical tests of genomic DNA extraction procedures using Synagen Cat extraction kit. No.PR881614) was performed according to the manufacturerchr('39')s protocol and 1% agarose gel was used to view the PCR product. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

The results of this study showed that 32 patients (64%) and 18 women (36%) were isolated from S.aureus hospitalized in Fatemieh and Sina hospitals. The pattern of antibiotic resistance obtained was that penicillin (10 µg) with 100% resistance and cefazolin (30 µg) with 5% resistance had the highest and lowest resistance, respectively. Also 94% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin (30 µg) and 90% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin (1 µg). Of 50 S.aureus isolated from clinical isolates, 44 contained the blaZ beta-lactamase gene.

Based on the findings of this study, isolates isolated from clinical specimens showed the same pattern of abundance. Therefore, it is likely that more or more drug resistance will be transmitted to hospitals.

The existence of heavy metals in drinking water is a serious threat to consumers chr('39') health in terms of the likelihood of suffering from diseases related to contaminated water consumption. this study aimed to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in drinking tap water in Zabol city, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study 50 samples were collected from different points of the urban drinking water network of Zabol city in Winter 2019 And according to the standard method were analyzed by ICP- OES device. The mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron were compared with national 1053 standards of Iran, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the World Health Organization. also, health risk assessment for children and adult age groups was carried out based on the guidelines of the U.S EPA. All analysis of data and human health risk assessment were estimated by using the Excel software.

Among the metals, the mean concentrations of arsenic (0.0407 mg/l) and cadmium (0.0034 mg/l) were higher than the permissible values of Iranchr('39')s 1053 national standards
and the World Health Organization. hazard index (HI) was 9.62 for children and 4.12 for adults and the total carcinogenic risk was 1.79×10-3 and showed the highest level of carcinogenic risk.

The results of this study show the existence of a significant risk of incidence of non- cancerous diseases as well as a very high risk for cancer diseases as a result of prolonged exposure for the local population (especially children). Therefore, the necessary measures must be taken as soon as possible to reduce the amount of water pollution by the responsible organizations.

Since emotion regulation is one of the most important factors affecting human behavior, therefore, the present study was conducted to determine The Effect Gross model emotion regulation on safety behavior nurses.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, the statistical population includes all nursing staff employed in Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah in year1398. the Sample consisted of 30 persons who were selected by voluntary sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental and 15 control). At first, pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups using the Safety Behavior Questionnaire and so the experimental group was then exposed to the Gross Model emotion regulation training (8 sessions 90 min) but the control group did not receive such training. Finally, both groups responded again to the questionnaire (post-test). in the end, the data were analyzed using multi variabils analysis of covariance by SPSS-23 software.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the mean of safety behavior components in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group after the intervention (p> 0/001).

Therefore, it can be concluded that Gross model emotion regulation training was effective job stress and Safety Behavior on Nursing Staffchr('39')s, Therefore, it is suggested that health practitioners assist nurses health by conducting emotion regulation training courses.

Introduction :

Nosocomial infections are a major global problem. Using metallic oxide nanoparticles to counter bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotics can be effective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron and silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation in bacteria isolated from clinical specimens and the possibility of using these nanoparticles on laboratory surfaces.

This study was performed on three bacterial strains isolated from different wards of Imam Reza, Imam Hossein and Taleghani hospitals in Kermanshah. Microbiological and molecular standard methods were identified and their antibiotic resistance was determined. The 96-well plate was used to investigate the disinfecting effect of silver and iron nanoparticles on biofilm formation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results showed 9 blood samples (30%), 5 skin samples (16.67%) and 16 urine samples (53.33%). The highest rate of inhibition of Escherichia coli biofilm formation by silver and iron nanoparticles was 93% and 64%, respectively. The inhibition of biofilm formation in S. epidermidis by silver and iron nanoparticles was 86 and 64%, respectively, and the highest inhibition of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa by silver and iron nanoparticles was 96 and 88%, respectively.

The use of silver and iron nanoparticles has a high potential to kill the bacteria in the biofilm of P.aeruginosa.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with abnormalities in the functioning of the human immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on level of immune factors in HIV-infected patients.

In this semi-experimental study, 30 AIDS patients were targeted and accessible selected and randomly divided into two groups; combined training and control. The combined training program was run for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Aerobic training involves walking or jogging on the treadmill with a rising intensity and duration of 40% to 65% of maximum heart rate and a duration of 30 -60 minutes. Also, Strength training includes 2 to 4 sets and 12 to 20 repetitions per isotonic device in the range of 40% to 60% 1RM. 24 hours before and 72 hours after intervention, blood samples were retested. CD4 and Viral Load levels measured by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by independent t-test at the P <0.05.

The results showed that 12 weeks of combined exercise was associated with a nonsignificant increase in CD4 levels in patients with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) (p=0.806). Combined exercise had no significant effect on serum viral load in patients with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) (p> 0.05).

According to the findings of this study, it seems that patients with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) can benefit from regular exercise training.

There are a number of factors that are involved in causing the brain death chain. Understanding these factors can help us understand the cause of this chain and prevent it From the perspective of the patients’ families with brain death. Therefore, this study aims to explain the family memberschr('39') experiences of patients with brain death regarding the cause of   brain death chain as a qualitative study.

This qualitative research was conducted as a content analysis. Fourteen first-degree family members of patients with brain death were interviewed using in-depth semi-structured interviews to the point of data saturation. Purposive sampling was conducted on the families of patients with brain death admitted to the intensive care unit of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan. Conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

In data analysis, the main theme is “brain death chain" and " brain death due to head   trauma", "poor pre-hospital measures", "heavy bleeding in accident", "patient to blame in the accidents "and "brain death due to family disputes"were sub-themes.

Identifying the main causes of brain death chain is very important from the perspective of patientschr('39') families. Because it can create a good mental background for medical staff, especially nurses when cope with such situation.Understanding the condition of the patient and their families and identifying the factors causing the brain death chain by the health care staff can lead to quick and appropriate care to reduce the damage.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the diseases of the central nervous system that causes many challenges to the psychological adjustment of the affected patients in coping with stress. In this regard, psychological interventions can be used to reduce stress and negative emotions.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on the negative strategies of emotional cognitive regulation in patients with multiple sclerosis.

This study was conducted by using semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design and with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all people with multiple sclerosis referred to MS association of Neishabour city. Using a convenience sampling method, 47 people were selected and assigned into two experimental and control groups. In the present study, Granofsky, Craig and Spinhaun (2001) Emotional Regulation Questionnaire was used to collect data. Mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention was presented in 8 sessions. The present study data were analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test (P = 0.001) and between mean scores of post-test and follow-up (P = 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between the mean scores of pre-test scores and follow-up (P = 0.06).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention is effective in reducing negative emotional regulation strategies of MS patients.