مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 60، تابستان 1399)

Suicide as one of the leading causes of death worldwide is a major public health concern; however, few studies have examined the factors influencing it in families on the verge of divorce. To determine the prediction of tendency to suicide based on the difficulty of emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, family flexibility, and distress tolerance in adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a descriptive correlation that was performed in the statistical population of all adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan in the second six months of 2019-2020. According to the Cochranchr('39')s formula, 373 people were selected and answered Beck scale for suicide ideation, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, family flexibility questionnaire and distress tolerance scale. Data collected by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.

The research findings showed that difficulty in emotion regulation a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to suicide. Cognitive flexibility, family flexibility and distress tolerance have a negative and significant relationship with tendency to suicide (P<0/01). Data from stepwise regression analysis also showed that cognitive flexibility and difficulty in emotion regulation have a combined ability to predict 17% of variance changes in tendency to suicide (P<0/01).

The results of the present study showed that difficulty in emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility play an important role in the tendency to suicide in adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce.

Eating disorders are a category of mental / psychiatric disorders that cause many problems in physical health and mental functioning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the Bulimia nervosa of overweight women.

The present study is a Semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. In this study, 40 overweight women with BMI greater than 30 in area 1 of Tehran were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects responded to the Garner et al (1982) Eating Questionnaire in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 min of acceptance and commitment-based therapy in the group, while the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25.

Comparison of experimental groups with control group showed that Bulimia nervosa and its sub-scales (diet, overeating and mental health with food and oral restraint) were significantly reduced in experimental group compared to control group and the efficacy of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on Bulimia nervosa was confirmed at post-test (p<0.001). The effect was between 75.7% and 81.1%.

Generally, the results indicated a significant effect of a course of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on the variables of Bulimia nervosa and weight loss in overweight women.

The burden of caring for the mentally ill is effective as an important factor in maintaining the patient in the community. There is no specific measurement tool for assessing and measuring this issue in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Schizophrenia Caregivers Questionnaire.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of the present study was descriptive-correlational. About 147 caregivers of schizophrenia patients admitted to Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital and the Family Support Organization of Schizophrenia patients in Tehran were selected as a sample. Three questionnaires of schizophrenia caregivers, quality of life questionnaire and positive and negative symptoms questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha, correlation coefficient and heuristic factor analysis.

In exploratory factor analysis, six factors (caregiver ability, interpersonal relationships, independence, social status, caregiver concern and caregiver fatigue) were extracted. In total, these six factors were able to explain 70.7% of the variance of the 32 questions of this questionnaire. The internal consistency of the subscales was also obtained with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha in the desired range. The Varimax rotating matrix showed that all questions were usable.

The results of statistical analysis show that the schizophrenia patient care burden questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool (with a validity coefficient of 0.67) in the Iranian population.

Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common disorders among women and is usually associated with by a clinically significant disturbance in a personchr('39')s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.

Methods and Materials: 

The research was descriptive-correlational. Its statistical population included all married female students of Shahroud universities. Four hundred married female students in Shahroud universities were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants responded to the female sexual function index (FSFI), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), and the self‑report measures of child abuse (CASRS). The present research data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software and structural equation modeling method.

The results of this study showed that there are a significant relation between childhood maltreatment, sexual dysfunction and cognitive emotion regulation. Also, cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.

The results of the present study support the hypothesis that negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and female sexual dysfunction.

In the child welfare system, children and youth under care are always considered as a fragile and at-risk population ,Therefore preventive interventions are very important in reducing harms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of play-based resilience training package on social adjustment of children under the guardianship  of  the Welfare Organization.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included children aged 5-7 years under the guardianship of Tehran Province Welfare in 2019. First, 5 centers were purposefully selected and then 30 children with research criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The instruments used in this study include the Rutter Childrenchr('39')s Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire (1967), the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (Ungar & Liebenberg ,2009) and the Play-based resilience training package (Mohammadi Shemirani, 2019). For the children in the experimental group, the resilience training package was implemented in 14 sessions, each session lasting one hour. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results showed that resilience training significantly affected social adjustment and its components(hyperactivity-aggression, attention deficit disorder, social maladaptation)(p <0.01) However, it was not significantly effective on the anxiety-depression and antisocial behavior. (p <0.05).

According to the findings of this study, it seems that play-based resilience training package can be used to increase social adjustment of children under the guardianship of welfare Organization.

Pregnancy is one of the most important phases of a woman’s reproductive cycle and is considered a natural process for them. Nevertheless, due to changes in psychological and social domains, it can be accompanied by mood and anxiety disorders. So, the aim of this study was to investigate mindfulness based on stress reduction for somatic, cognitive, behavioral anxiety and sleep quality in pregnant mothers.

Methods and Materials: 

The paper was an experimental study based on control and treatment groups with pre-test and post- test in which 60 eligible pregnant mothers were elected from Amin hospital in Isfahan who randomly assigned, in two groups of 30 people .Pre-test was performed for both two groups by somatic, cognitive, behavioral anxiety inventory (SCBI) and Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI). The treatment group for 8 sessions of 2/5 hours (once a week) was placed under the training of mindfulness-based on stress reduction intervention. Afterwards, the post-test was done for both groups. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical tests such as independent and paired T-Test using SPSS software version 25.

The findings indicate that MBSR had effect on anxiety and sleep quality of pregnant women (P<0/05).

Based on results, it could be said that mindfulness based on stress reduction intervention can have positive impact on anxiety and somatic, cognitive, behavioral and sleep quality of pregnant women. So, it seems necessary to consider the role of this intervention by health professionals and therapists in maternal health centers.

Health care workers were one of the main groups under massive pressure without sufficient resources and equipment during Coronavirus outbreak. So, the aim of the present study was to explore and determine the challenges of health care workers encounter during serving patients who suffered coronavirus.

Methods and Materials:

 In this study, Qualitative-descriptive method was used. The statistical population of the study included all health care workers including physicians and nurses who worked in coronavirus parts of the hospitals of Qom city from the beginning of disease outbreak. eleven Health care workers by purposeful sampling were selected and using saturation criteria went through semi structured in depth interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data.

The findings included 9 themes(experiencing psychological distress and negative emotions, experiencing difficulty and work pressure, lack of using mental health experts and sufficient psychological skills, not being prepared to encounter disease, lack of sufficient knowledge, occupational conflict experience, and decrease of interpersonal relationship and Coronavirus stigma, disagreement and tension with family members, experiencing frustration and helplessness due to the nature of the disease) and 22 subthemes.

The results of this study indicated that health care workers had challenges with areas of emotions, interpersonal and family relationships, and working environments and job difficulties. For this purpose, it is necessary to use strategies such as using mental health professionals for health care workers and their families, creating adequate preparation before the outbreak in terms of equipment, personnel, necessary training about the disease and its process, skill training health care workers and making various incentives.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of common disabling disorders in adolescents. Many factors contribute to the emergence and maintenance of this disorder, among which cognitive constructs have recently attracted much attention. Therefore, the present study was aimed to predict obsessive-compulsive disorder in middle school students based on the components of mindfulness, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping strategies.

This study was descriptive and correlative study. The statistical population consisted of all middle school students in city of Tabriz in academic year of 1397-98. Finally, data of 357 students (200 girls and 157 boys) who had been selected as research sample through multistage cluster sampling method, were analyzed. The research data were collected by Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R, Foa et al. 2002), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), the short 18-item version of Garnefski and Kraaij’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short) and Endler & Parkerchr('39')s Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The findings showed that self-blame of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (r=0.159, p<0.01) and avoidance-oriented of coping strategies (r=0.058, p<0.01) have a significant positive relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acceptance without judgment (r=-0.151, p<0.01) and description (r=-0.103, p<0.01) of mindfulness components and task-oriented coping style (r=-0.073, p<0.01) have a significant negative relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Finally, self-blame and Acceptance without judgment were able to explain 3.9 percent of the variance of obsessive-compulsive disorder in two steps.

Considering these results, for preventing adolescents ‘obsessive-compulsive disorder, paying attention to self-blame and acceptance without judgment variables is so necessary.

Alzheimer chr('39')s disease is the most common form of dementia which has caused disorder in memory. Cerebral palsy and posttraumatic stress disorder (veterans of war, warriors, armed forces) play an important role in increasing the risk of Alzheimerchr('39')s disease. The nature of the large dimensions of neural data, as well as the small number of available samples, make for an accurate computer diagnostic system. The aim of this study was to apply deep neural networks to develop an automatic disease diagnosis system.

Methods and Materials: 

In this research, studies on magnetic resonance imaging of war veterans are done by python Software. In the proposed model, in the proposed model, 10% of the images of the data base were selected for training. In the first stage, the training is from deep learning with Convolutional network to extract the features, then in the second stage, in order to classify the health status based on the learned features.

The results of the analysis are also compared with the results presented in previous Studies. The proposed method has higher detection accuracy than the existing Ones, which increases the accuracy of detection in many cases.

The results of this study showed that using intelligent methods based on deep learning can accurately diagnose the disease.

With respect to high depression prevalence and its risks which affects people’s individual and social life, we endeavor to identify related residential environment factors to be able to utilize it towards promoting residential environment using depression reduction approach. The present research has been performed aiming the review of performed studies with the relation between the characteristics of residential area and depression of settlers.

Methods and Materials:

 In this review article to find documents related to the subject of the article, authors assessed previous published articles regularly between 2005 to 2020 about relationship between residential environment and depression and also investigated the studies on Pub Med, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Isi, MDPI, BMC, Magiran, and SID using related key words such as: relationship between built environment, physical environment, living environment, neighborhood, interiors and exteriors, natural environment, residential environment, physical environment with mental health (depression, mental disorders).

Among 99 selected articles about the aforementioned subject, most of them were cross-sectional articles and approved meaningful relationship between at least one of the characteristics of residential environment and depression. From among different aspects of environment characteristics, lack of access to green areas, neighborhood, noise pollution, specifications of built environment, lighting, and walking facilities were more related to depression and this relationship showed some inconsistencies for the beauty of environment, urban environment, access to services, population density and psychological distance interference.

Reviewing the results indicates that characteristics of residential environment in many aspects relate to depression therefore its consideration to promote mental health (depression reduction) of residents of these environments would be necessary.