پژوهش نامه مطالعات مرزی
پیاپی 27 (بهار 1399)

Achieving a comprehensive, reliable and flexible performance appraisal model for NAJA border units is one of the concerns of commanders and managers through which to obtain accurate and sufficient information about their current performance and with focus on the future, move towards continuous improvement. The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose; quantitative in view point of data collection, and sequential-exploratory approach in terms of nature and type of study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees, commanders and managers of the Naval Command of Bushehr Province. The sample size was determined by stratified random sampling method, which a total of 200 people were determined. A four-step process was performed to construct a questionnaire and identify the dimensions and components of performance evaluation of the Bushehr Maritime Command, which led to the identification of components and the construction of research tools. Data collection methods include library studies, interviews, Delphi method and questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were obtained by the staff and commanders and the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.981, respectively, by using of Cronbach's alpha. In order to reach the consensus of experts, Kendall coefficient was used and at the level of inferential statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were exerted. The findings showed that in the Delphi stage, leadership is the highest score among other dimensions of organizational excellence from the perspective of selected experts. The designed model has 16 components that drivers, systems and outcomes were extracted in the form of three categories. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of organizational excellence indicators show that all relationships between performance appraisal dimensions and observable variables (questions) are significant.

A range of external and internal factors at the local, regional, national and global scales affect the whole and governance process of sustainable development in small towns and address the complexity of urban systems and widespread uncertainties in the future. The future of small towns and the process of achieving sustainable development in these cities has become increasingly difficult. Thus, focusing on the applications of foresight in governance and the aspects of governance for sustainable development, the present study attempted toidentify future governance scenarios for sustainable development in oraman Takht and Sarvabad, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The analysis was based on forward-looking governance for sustainable development in small cities. Data was collected in an interactive-expert-oriented approach and then analyzed in a quantitative-qualitative method (integrated method). This research was an integrated descriptive-analytical and exploratory study. The findings can be discussed in four sections as follows: 1. the identification of key obstacles to governance in sustainable development using desk-study, Real-time Delphi (RTD), and cross-impact analysis (MICMAC); 2. the identification of effective drivers on the future governance of sustainable development in the studied cities using desk-study, and Real-time Delphi (RTD) to prioritize in terms of importance and uncertainty; 3. the formulation of scenarios; and, 4. modeling the status of obstacles to governance in sustainable development in each of the scenarios using the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) and presenting an explanatory model of governance in sustainable development in oraman Takht and Sarvabad, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The results showed that based on three critical system uncertainties, considering the internal incompatibility of the scenarios, from eight possible scenarios, a total of four scenarios were selected, and finally, the status of the eight key obstacles identified in each of the scenarios was examined. Excluding one scenario, which had decreased barriers, in other scenarios, barriers to governance increased.

The tourism industry, as the largest service industry in the world, is one of the important sources of economic prosperity (job creation, earning foreign exchange incomes, poverty reduction, etc.) and increasing social interaction and trade, etc. Therefore, areas such as islands and border ports that have good tourism potential, should choose the appropriate strategies to achieve the economic and socio-cultural benefits of the industry. The purpose of this study is to identify appropriate strategies for tourism development of Qeshm Free Trade Zone in order to increase tourists and consequently comprehensive development, elimination of deprivation of indigenous peoples and creating border security and sustainable income. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population is a group of experts, officials and tourists. In this study, the identified factors were prioritized and ranked by using of the SOAR technique and the SWARA multi-criteria decision-making model and the final value of a set of internal and external factors was determined to prioritize and adopt the best strategy. The results showed that among the SA strategies, the strategy of using cultural, marine and natural attractions to become the tourism hub of the region; among the SR strategy, the strategy of expanding tourist offices, setting up an information center and creating internet services in the region to introduce and promote tourism centers; among the OA strategies, the strategy of utilizing the strategic, geopolitical and geo-economics position of the region in order to develop tourism and introduce it as a tourism hub in the Middle East and among the OR strategies, the strategy of creating weekly markets and holding trans-regional exhibitions in order to introduce local and indigenous products and products of the region are considered as the most important strategies for the development of the tourism industry for the Qeshm Free Zone.

Equipment and control systems are devices that increase the ability of border guards to protect the border. These equipment, along with efficient manpower, play an important role in creating security in border areas. In this article, the function of different types of border control equipment is presented and it makes that possible to understand exactly how to use them properly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effect of control equipment on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The method of this research is applied and of survey-correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Border Command of Kurdistan Province in 2019 and 88 people that were chosen in the form of full-census sampling, have been questioned. Data were collected through questionnaire. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.92) was obtained and data analysis was performed via SPSS24 software. The results showed that among the control equipment; Night vision cameras and thermal sensors have the greatest impact on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The results showed that night vision cameras and thermal sensors among the control equipment, have the greatest effect on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. In meanwhile, the most practical is the S700 camera, which has tactical and thermal systems and is portable. This system has the ability to take photos and videos and can transfer its contents to any of the external memory. In addition, the system has the highest number of discoveries in its performance balance among other cameras. Radars and drones also had the least impact, respectively. Based on this, it can be said that according to the geographical locations that exist in each region, appropriate and advanced modern control equipment must be used, which leads to improving border security.

Residential security is one of the major challenges of low-income settlement such that according to the Human Housing Organization, housing insecurity is referred to as a cycle of misery and an indicator of deprivation in these areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the physical factors of the objective security of low-income settlements, an important issue that has been discussed in the form of new theories of urban planning. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and casework in terms of methodology. The method of collecting data and information is in the form of documents and fields that have been used. The statistical population was Vakil-Abad and Haji Pirloo neighborhoods of Urmia. The data have been used as documents from law enforcement reports in recent years. In order to achieve objective security by relying on accurate theft statistics, GIS software has been used by the model of crime hotspots. The results of the analysis of crime hotspots in the study area (Vakil-Abad and Haji Pirloo neighborhoods) indicate that there is more than 29.92% of the total area in the safe area with a p-factor of more than 90%. Only 12.61% of the total area is located in the area of the crime hotspot with a p coefficient of more than 90%. Also, there is an inverse relationship between GI coefficient and fineness of parts, number of floors, building quality, level of openings and brightness. Among these variables, the variable of number of floors and the amount of openings has a weak correlation. Also, the two variables of mixing land-use and permeability are directly related to the GI coefficient. The existence of a direct relationship with the GI indicates that considered building block is located in the range of the hot spot, in other words, in the center of the crime.

Many of the problems of employees of organizations are due to poor training. According to the importance of training in reducing the loss of life and property of border guards that examples of these damages of border units are not small, the purpose of this study is to understand the effectiveness of provided training of Samen Al-Aimeh Training Center of Mashhad on border learners and provide practical solutions to enhance the effectiveness of these trainings. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in aspect of method. The statistical population of this research is 55 graduates of the second border course who have been interviewed in the form of full census. Data collection tools are researcher-made questionnaires to measure their reaction and behavior based on the Kirkpatrick Model. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics Spss. Findings show that the effectiveness of training on learners' behavior was about 75% and 73.8% from the point of view of their commanders and learners themselves, respectively. Null hypothesis of the binomial test that the ratio of GPAs less than or equal to 80 to the ratio of GPAs greater than 80 has been rejected. And the ratio of grades greater than 80 is higher. The results of the reaction questionnaire indicate that the learners’ satisfaction with the total implementation of the course is 72.2%. The study of the learning variable based on the learners' GPA indicates that the effectiveness of the trainings is 84.27%. Considering that the reaction variable was less effective than the two variables of learning and behavior, it is necessary to organize and modify the executive planning of the courses and improve the quality of educational content. Also, courses that have not had a positive effect on improving the performance and efficiency of learners must be eliminated or strengthened.

After the fall of the Ba'athist regime, Iraq entered a new structure of government and division of power between ethnic-religious blocs, and the Kurds were able to legitimize their demands in the new Iraqi system and form the KRG. Due to identity gaps with the Arab world and high geopolitical weight, the Kurds resorted to policies inconsistent with the central government in the economic, political, security, as well as referendums and independence movements, which created geopolitical challenges in Iraqi Kurdistan and non-Iraqis. It became safe in the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran Developments in Iraq, especially the expansion of takfiri groups among the Sunnis of Iraqi Kurdistan and the intervention of supra-regional powers, strengthen the grounds for the formation of an independent Kurdistan, and this has an impact on the security of the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran near Iraqi Kurdistan.The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been used to collect information from library documents., In addition to the significant contribution of the Kurds to the Iraqi political structure, has increased the influence of Iranian borders on Iraqi Kurdistan. Therefore, the geopolitical challenges of Iraqi Kurdistan affect the security of the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and endanger the political future of Iraq and Kurdistan and the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and intensify the crisis in Iraq. It will lead to political, geographical and economic challenges on the border between Iran and Iraq.