پژوهشنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1397)

Parenting is one of the topics of interest in various sciences’ scholars such as psychologists, social workers, etc.The present article examined the characteristics of parenting in the subculture of Ghorbat in Tehran.The theoretical premise is that the characteristics of parenting are influenced by culture and subculture.The research method is ethnography, and research data were collected through semi-structured interview techniques and participatory observation. participants are the Ghorbat families living in Tehran's 12th district.According to the research findings, Tehran's Ghorbats have special parenting characteristics due to their subcultural characteristics as simplification and neglect, strictness based on male despotism,insecure attachment, ignoring the real needs of children,disregard for social and communication patterns and disregard for formal education.Developing self-care training packages and designing parenting models and the parent-child relationship-based on the distinct culture of Ghorbatsin Tehran can help parents to choose the low-risk style of parenting for child.

While earthquake is described objectively in scientific texts, it gets its meaning from a social context, and is understood in continuity of historical experience among people. Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake interrupts everyday life of its habitats, and at the same time carries on a historical path. In-depth interviews with narrators of the disaster indicate that social history of the place (existence of different religions, war, enslavement, chemical bombing, civil wars, genocide, poverty, porterage (Koolbari), executions and political struggles) plays an important role in understanding a natural disaster. Experiencing an earthquake is integrated in individual and collective identities, and connects to other elements of collective memories. Epistemic system organizes the experience of this earthquake and determines the agency toward it. The results show that the common concern of the narrators includes fear of betrayal, marginalization and being forgotten. They perceive the disaster to be humanistic and their attachment to the place is reduced. Therefore it seems vital to prepare necessary requirements for creating collective identities and collective narratives and to help them to be heard and recognized by each other and to establish meaningful relationship between themselves.

This study aimed at investigating the lived experiences of stability factors in the addiction quitting. This study used a descriptive phenomenological research approach to collect and analyze data. 12 participants who had already experienced for more than 6 years addiction quitting were selected using purposive sampling method. The participants attended in-depth interviews until data saturation occurred. Data analysis revealed 3 themes and 14 subthemes for the phenomenon, including starting and launching factors of persistence in addiction quitting with sub-themes: physical and mental tiredness, perception of the end of the line, perception of the threat of substance abuse and turn on negative will. The theme of helper and mediators factors of persistence in addiction quitting with sub-themes: social protection and economic stability, family support and acceptance, utilization of other auxiliary resources, and satisfying relationships. The theme of basic and persistent factors of persistence in addiction quitting with sub-themes were: participation and continuity in the group of allies of NA, control of craving and fear of return, a tendency towards spirituality, meaning, the growth of self-knowledge and introspection, and the distinction between the genuine abandonment and the non-genuine addiction quitting. The findings of this research expounded the past literature on the effective treatment of addiction and relapse preventing.

One of the important issues facing Tehrani families is the protection of the elderly. Future demographic, family, economic, and cultural changes will add to those more complex dimensions. In this study, we seek to provide strategies to support the elderly and their families.The method of this research is a combination. In the first part of the work, through the systematic review of the aging research and statistical forecasts, the aging support scenarios are extracted and in the second part the SWOT analysis model is used to provide strategies based on each scenario. Proponents of family support for aging are "socio-cultural status" and "resources at their disposal". From the combination of these two proponents, four possible scenarios are extracted. The strategies extracted for these four scenarios were outlined in three main areas; Caregiver Support Strategies, Elderly Support Strategies, Aging Costing Strategies. Alongside these three areas, strategies have been put forward to support the role of NGOs and the integrated information system of aging.

This research was written with the aim of recognizing different dimensions of conflict in social interactions and presenting strategies to increase its management ability by using Quranic verses as a guidebook for human beings. Content analysis method was used. Step-by-step explanation of conflict in Quranic verses, Quranic explanation of conflict management styles, and presentation of Quranic strategies for resolving communication conflicts are one of the achievements of the present study. The conclusion is that the Holy Quran accepts the issue of conflict in relationships and considers it as a natural and inevitable result of the inherent differences of human. In the verses of the Quran, four types of conflict have been considered. And the five styles of conflict management are well identifiable. The results showed that the Holy Quran increases the ability to repel and control it, which is presented in the individual dimension: truth-seeking and truthfulness, self-awareness, self-healing, and rationalism; moreover, to resolve conflicts by focusing on the interpersonal dimension of the issue; therefore, the strategies used in Quran are: negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Proper use of these strategies can transform conflict from a destructive and harmful event to an opportunity to benefit from interpersonal opinions and differences.

Most psychologists believe that happiness is to have too much of pleasant emotions and too less of unpleasant ones, but according to Aristotle, humans are happy if they have the emotions that they want to have, even if those emotions are unpleasant. With the purpose of examining this theory of Aristotle, the present study tested the hypothesis that the discrepancy between the emotions that an individual has and the emotions that he wants to have, has a positive correlation with depression and a negative correlation with well-being. In a correlational design, a call for participation in this study was sent to 30,000 subscribers of the Hamrahe Avval and Irancell in Tehran, and 1410 (564 men) people with an average age of 26 years old participated in the study. The research tools were a researcher-made questionnaire for measuring desired and experienced emotions, the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Correlation and regression analyses showed that the absolute discrepancy between desired and experienced emotions (which showed that how much each participant has experienced his/her desired emotions) can predict more depression and less well-being, even in participants that experienced more pleasant and less unpleasant emotions than they desired, and even after statistically controlling experienced emotions. Therefore, happiness is not just the pleasant emotions, but any emotion, if desired, can increase our happiness.