نشریه مطالعات هنر اسلامی
پیاپی 38 (تابستان 1399)

The continuity of Iranshahri thought in the transition to the Islamic period is a key factor in the continuity of Iranian history and culture. This idea, in spite of the transformation and rupture that was found in the appearance of sovereignty over Iran, has been going on, unlike literature (two centuries of silence), without stagnation, to the extent that in passing through the political history of this land, the ancient idea of ​​Iranshahri was transferred; in this regard, the continuation of the "national unity" section became a solid foundation for political decisions. The achievement of these decisions appears in written works and in the context of "policy writing". Since the course of the history of political writing in Iran has not been inscribed, the prominence of this process and its connotation for understanding political history and benefiting from this idea in policy-making has been neglected. "Ferdowsi’s Shāhnāmeh" is an exceptional literary artwork in worldwide literature that in connection with the ancient gods and political thought of Iranshahri has been able to reflect the relevant political sources of the ancient period in its treasurable values. The resources that have reached the hands of the sage Abolghasem Ferdowsi have gain power to his loyal poet in so that this experience is alike to a vast palace that has gained peace in the concept of the political letter. In the meantime, it should be said: It is important to analyze the role of Ferdowsi Shahnameh in the transfer of Iranshahri ideas to the Islamic period and its channels of influence. Shahnameh of Baysanghari is one of the magnificent works of the Islamic period that has been created based on Shahnameh. This study seeks to analyze Ferdowsi's political point of view by processing the "treaty" and "guarantee" as a capability in the implementation of the treaty in Shahnameh and finally the effect of the characteristics of the treaties in the drawings of Baysanghari Shahnameh has been reflected upon.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive program that provides the basis for improving the sustainability of economic, physical, social and environmental conditions and mainly seeks to resolve the problems of worn-out urban structures through enhancement by public participation; furthermore, the objective of this act is the use of potential and genuine capabilities in urban contexts. For this purpose, a number of 386 questionnaires have been distributed and evaluated among the residents of a neighborhood in Bojnourd, in which urban regeneration is proceeding. The research method of the present study is based on a descriptive-analytical and experimental-survey method; also, the statistical analysis tool applied is the SPSS software. Based on the research findings, the average of the indicators excluding the physical and environmental dimensions, is less than 3, that demonstrates the indicators related to the act of regeneration are not in a good state. In order to analyze the data, the ANP method has been used, which among the economic criteria and sub-criteria of economic opportunities, in social and cultural criteria and sub-criteria of crime reduction, in physical and environmental criteria and sub-criteria of housing and infrastructure and finally in the governing criteria and sub-criteria of local community participation have achieved the highest values. To explain the problems of residents and better implement urban regeneration, more extensive studies are required integrated with a systemic approach at the micro and regional level. Moreover, decision-makings should be accomplished with the participation and involvement of the residents of the mentioned areas.

1- Creating the grounds for a favorable management system in the field of regeneration in Bojnourd city. 2- Creating conditions for improving the level of citizens' participation with organizations and city managers in the field of upgrading and recreating the worn-out structures of Bojnourd city.

1- Is urban regeneration in Bojnourd based on sustainable development? 2- Are physical, economic, social and environmental aspects considered in urban regeneration in Bojnourd city?

Throughout history, architecture has been the embodiment of the cultural ideals of human societies, and based on these ideals, the living environments created by different individuals have become a whole with its own identity. It appears that with the advent of modernism and the globalization of architecture, the concepts of architectural cultural identity have developed a changing and complex concept which is constantly challenged. Therefore, the present article intends to analyze and interpret the relationship between cultural-identity policies and the quality of residential environments. For this purpose, by selecting Ekbatan town of Tehran, as a sample, the quality of residential houses in phases 1 and 2 of this town has been assessed. The research method is based on hierarchical multivariate regression analysis and the model used in the analysis process is also called the experimental model of measuring the quality of the living environment. The desired socio-cultural is rated (we are between 1 and 5). The results of the studies indicate that the quality of the external environment of the residential complexes of Phase 1 (1> 62.62) and Phase 2 (1> 2.88> 5) of Ekbatan town is lower than average according to the socio-cultural identity. However, the quality of the indoor environment of residential units in accordance with the same principles is in good condition (Phase 1 (5> 08/04) and Phase 2 (5> 18/4> 1)). Also, both phases are similar and similar to each other in terms of observing the principles and criteria of socio-cultural identity.

1. To enlighten the relationship between cultural-identity categories and the quality of architectural space. 2. To study the cultural-identity policies in residential houses of phase 1 and 2 of Ekbatan town and to assess the quality of its residential houses.

1. What is the relationship between cultural-identity categories and the quality of architectural space? 2. How are the cultural-identity policies reflected in the residential houses of Phase 1 and 2 of Ekbatan town and what effects have they had on the quality of such houses?

In this article, the reflection of romanticism in the poems of Shams Langroudi and its reflection in Qajar painting is focused upon. The research method is accomplished via library method within an analytical-descriptive framework. The hypothesis is a reflection on a number of the most significant components of romanticism in the poems of Shams Langroudi. By studying such poetry, it can be determined that Shams Langroudi despite having a long time distance with the masters of contemporary poetic romanticism, nevertheless shows attentiveness towards the components and features of this school. The capacities of this school have been used to express the concepts and notions of this field. Tendency to social romanticism, attention to nature, using the power of imagination to create original images, naturalism and expression of romantic and emotion-based themes are the most imperative components of romanticism that can be seen in Shams Langroudi's poems. Shams Langroudi has never convinced himself to use pure imagination in his poems; henceforth, his social and human thoughts are expressed by using the power of imagination. The poet does not tolerate oppression and inequality, however, to express this theme he uses symbols and elements of nature to demonstrate the deepest political concepts and the strongest criticism in the form of symbols and metaphors. Moreover, Qajar painting was a combination of new and old methods; in this sense, segments of Langroudi's poems including naturalism, romantic themes and social romanticism can be seen in Qajar painting.

 Research aims:

1- A study of the reflection of Romanticism in the poems of Shams Langroudi and Qajar painting 2- Analysis of the most important components of Romanticism in Shams Langroudi's poems and its reflection in Qajar painting.

1- What is the reflection of Romanticism in the poems of Shams Langroudi and Qajar painting? 2- How are the most important components of Romanticism in Shams Langroudi's poems reflected in Qajar painting?

The study of educational approaches shows that today, among educational approaches, the learner-centered approach is one of the most imperative approaches in the curriculum. This approach has types of which the most common in the current education system are the active or activity-oriented approach. The activity-oriented approach is now a collective theme in the work of experts in the Office of Planning and Textbook Writing. In contrast to the above-mentioned approach, there is a research-oriented approach in which activities arise from the heart of the student's questions and interests, and naturally they cannot be closed like the activity-oriented approach in a bounded and formulated manner. Furthermore, these activities are not necessarily similar for various students. In this approach, the student seeks patterns and relationships related to his observations of the world around him, in other words, he determines the starting point, the stages of work and the end point of the activities. The issue here is the relationship between the characteristics of sciences, such as architecture, and the choice of a particular educational approach. This research has investigated this concern using descriptive and analytical methods and relying on library data. Research findings show that the application of a research-oriented approach, when raised from the student's questions and formed based on his/her experiences, grants the opportunity for the student to share and apply his/her experiences and observations simultaneously. Since in educational policy-making, education takes precedence over education, achieving the objectives of the courses, understanding and expressing architecture requires adopting an approach and methods that are effective and appropriate to this policy-making. Among the various learning approaches, the research-oriented approach, which has a stronger educational tendency, is more effective and appropriate for use in teaching the understanding and expression of architecture. Research 1. The study and analysis of the research-based approach and its features 2. To explain the role of research-based approach in nurturing the creativity of architecture students Research questions: 1. What are the characteristics of research-based education? 2. How is a research-based approach effective in promoting the creativity of architecture students?

Today, human resources are the main asset of organizations. In this regard, management can play a decisive role in increasing the efficiency of human resources. The Cultural Heritage Organization is one of the administrations that is established with the aim of preserving cultural assets and managing tourism. The concern raised here is to explain the effective relationship between the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization with human resources and management issues. In order to solve this problem, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. According to the topic, the research method used in terms of library-field environment is applied in terms of purpose, cross-sectional data collection time, descriptive-survey research method and correlational and causal. The statistical population is selected among university experts and officials and all employees of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed through face, content and structure validity and its reliability is determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. In the qualitative part, the results of the interview were coded using software (MAXQDA) and in the quantitative part, descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling, Friedman test) were used. The results showed that the systematic model of human resource management with an efficient approach in the Organization of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism has three dimensions of input, process and output. Moreover, the input dimension has two components: employee motivation and work conscience, in addition, the process dimension has three components: employee retention, training, and talent management. The third dimension of the system model also includes the productivity of human resources.

 Research objectives:

1. Identifying the dimensions and components of the system model of human resource management in the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization. 2. Determining the systemic fit of human resource management with a productive approach in the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization.

1. What are the dimensions and components of human resource efficiency in the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization? 2. What system model can be provided for human resource management with an efficient approach in the organization of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism?

The Sacred Defense, an imperative historical event in Iranian civilization in the preceding century, has nowadays developed into one of the most significant cultural symbols of the society. This has led poets and writers to devote their creations to the formation of artworks with themes and concepts related to this phenomenon. This approach has led to the formation of an exceptional style in the works of such literary figures. A motif is a specific theme, character, or pattern that is repeated in various forms in literature and art. The Sacred Defense poetry, which was formed with the occurrence of the mentioned historical event in the sixties, led to the strengthening of Iranian identity and cultural fundamentals. These widely used cultural motifs represent the poetry of war with its own stylistic features that aid to identify commonalities in thought, culture, values ​​and beliefs of the nation. The issue raised in this paper is to study the effect of this particular style of poetry on the formation and creation of conceptual and visual motifs and its reflection in the posters of the Sacred Defense. This research is accomplished relying on descriptive and analytical methods and also on the collection of library data. The findings suggest that a number of the motifs seen in the poetry of this period are faced with lexical, visual and thematic repetitions; moreover, the thematic section includes concepts such as martyrdom, patriotism, the battle between right and wrong, love, and so on. Studies have shown that the unique motifs related to the poetry of the Sacred Defense bestow an emotional, aesthetic, guiding and prominent function on the content of the poem and the approaches of the audience; consequently, the poets of the Sacred Defense created their most intense artworks by emphasizing the mentioned elements in their poetry. Such concepts have caused the endurance of the values of the Sacred Defense in the history of Iranian literature and its presence for the future Therefore, the adoption of this poetic style has increased the role of conceptual and visual themes in the poetry of the Sacred Defense. The posters of this act are created in order to celebrate and spread the culture of this sacred event and are reproductions of its conceptual and visual motifs in literature. 

Research aims:

1. To investigative the varieties of motifs and their elements in the poetry of the Sacred Defense.  2. To examine the motifs and elements of the Sacred Defense poetry in poster art.

1. What elements do the poems of Sacred Defense use in describing the values and beliefs of such act? 2. What is the reflection of the poems of Holy Defense in the posters of this event?

The purpose of this article is to study the position and function of schools and teachers in Greater Khorasan in the Timurid period and to assess the various information values ​​of Timurid inscriptions. The importance of this article is due to the fact that less attention has been paid to the issue of schools, teachers and educational values ​​of the inscription in the Timurid period in Greater Khorasan. The research method is library and documentary archives; moreover, an attempt has been made to increase the richness of the content by using documents, manuscripts and first-hand historical sources. The most significant questions of this article are how Timurid schools functioned what were the appointments and duties of teachers? What are the values ​​of Timurid inscriptions? Research shows that the Timurids' attention to school construction, especially in Herat, led to the fact that “teachers” became one of the elite and efficient social classes. The presence of teachers in various social, political, religious and scientific fields had provided the basis for their empowerment and influence in various developments. The schools of this period are divided into four main categories according to the type of administration and their function. The conditions for appointing teachers and receiving their salaries depend on the type of school. Living conditions and receiving teachers' salaries were determined according to the type of schools, their function and orders issued by the court. In addition, the living conditions of teachers and how they received their salaries were a function of the type of schools; in addition, orders were issued by the court. This period also has a variety of religious and historical inscriptions and the content of the inscriptions of this period are significant in documenting the economic, social and religious performance of the Timurid kings.

1- Investigating the function of educational complexes in the Timurid period 2- A comparative study of the differences and similarities between the educational complexes of the Ilkhanid and Timurid periods .

1. What were the characteristics of the educational complexes between the Ilkhanid and Timurid eras? 2. What were the functions and characteristics of educational complexes during the Timurid period?

Poetry is formed as a poet's intellectual coordination in direct connection with society and its progresses. Thus, the analysis of poetry can provide a comprehensive representation of the society and its developments. Saeb Tabrizi is one of the poets of the Safavid period who is known as a prominent representative of the Indian style. The period of the Safavid rule (1355-1907 AH) was a period of ebb and flow in the intellectual and artistic life of the Iranian society. The issue that can be raised in this regard is how the developments of this period were reflected in the poetry of Saeb Tabrizi. This research seeks to answer the mentioned problem by relying on analytical and descriptive methods and library data. The research findings indicate that Indian style poets experienced two diverse stages in their lives; regarding the first stage; whilst bearing with poverty and financial incapacity, they composed poems in their homeland, and in the second phase, with the wealth accumulated from the support of the courtiers of India, they expressed poetic fantasies in a new and extraneous means. Saeb is one of the Indian style poets who has spent some time of his poetic life in India by emigrating; Therefore, "homeland" and related concepts in his poetry can demonstrate how the poet views the cultural, social and geographical environment of his time; moreover, the reasons for his immigration to India can be understood amongst the verses of his poetry. Alternatively, his poems are full of concepts of traditional arts that can be a manifestation of the artistic prosperity of the Safavid era.

1. Investigating the role of social and cultural space in the concept of homeland and traditional arts in the poetry of Saeb Tabrizi 2. Drawing different dimensions of the concept of homeland in Saeb Tabrizi's poetry .

1. What effect has the cultural, social and geographical atmosphere had on the poetic atmosphere of Saeb Tabrizi? 2. What is Saeb Tabrizi Saeb's attitude about homeland and exile?

Beauty is one of the most important concepts that has long been considered and studied in the field of philosophy and mysticism. One of the most prominent literary and mystical texts that can be referred to in order to perceive the truth of beauty is the Masnavi Manavi of Rumi which beholds the most central foundations of aesthetics in the form of the most accurate allegories. In this literary artwork, there are several anecdotes, each of which is a clear example of artistic beauty. In the meantime, the legend of the Zat-al Sovar Castle is one of the most famous stories of this work. In this research, the place of theological and knowledgeable concepts of art and aesthetics within this story is considered and analyzed. Moreover, the mentioned analysis is accomplished via a descriptive and analytical approach and dependent on library sources. The findings of the research indicate that the story of Zat-al Sovar Castle or the fortress of Hoosh Roba is one of the very deep and perplexing stories of the Masnavi that beholds ​​extraordinary and heavenly denotations. The Zat-al Sovar Castle is the world of divine manifestations and the expression of luminous forms and instances in tangible forms. These numerous and beautiful motifs can, on the one hand, veil and hinder the understanding of the truth, and at this stage restrict and halt the seeker from tangible forms and borrowed beauties, and has to power to indicate true beauties and to provide the means of human liberation and salvation. Understanding true beauty is possible only through attaining self-knowledge and perceiving with the inner eye. For man, through the external senses, perceives only the world of sensations, and through the esoteric senses he enters the sea of ​​truths, and it becomes impossible for one who remains within the limits of the external senses to comprehend the truth of belongings. Hence, Rumi emphasizes the aesthetical features and motifs of appearance.

1. A study of the theological concepts of art and beauty in the Masnavi Manavi 2. An analysis of the theological concepts of art and beauty in the Story of the “Zat-al Sovar Castle” .

1. What is the place of theological concepts of art and beauty in Rumi's Masnavi Manavi? 2. What is the effect of the story of “Zat-al Sovar Castle” in conveying the mystical concepts of art and beauty?

Humans show different emotions in reaction to various phenomena around them. One of these emotions is surprise that is expressed in reaction to impressive events. A surprised individual shows reactions that have physiological and cultural roots. One of these reactions is “angosht be dahān/dandān gereftan” (to put one’s curved index finger on one’s mouth) which seems to be specific to the Iranian culture. Applying a descriptive-historical approach, this study seeks to delve into the history of this reaction, its possible changes over time, and why it is used in Persian miniature. For this purpose, the expression of “angosht be dahān/dandān gereftan” was studied through the library and documentary method as a surprise reaction in Persian poetry from the time of Rudaki onward (nearly a thousand years). On the other hand, its visual examples in the Persian miniature in the past 700 years were examined. The findings show that this reaction has remained unchanged in its form and meaning over the centuries and has been present all the time in Iranian cultural history. It has always been a good way to represent a surprised individual by a miniature artist who, following the codes of Persian miniature, should not represent facial emotions.

Plex housing is a type of collective housing that bears common facilities and buildings such as structures and conveniences, as well as a semi-private social interaction space. These sets can be organized into groups of two to six units. Plexiglas has been proposed as a new approach that has positive aspects of biological complexes and saves energy consumption and is in harmony with nature. The need for housing, per capita shortage of urban land, economic efficiency in construction and the use of modern technology in construction, makes it necessary to offer a type of design that is superior to traditional systems. Based on this, a multi-unit housing design model is proposed. This article intends to explain the principles and criteria of design in Plex housing in order to achieve the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the ideal design. These quantitative factors include alignment with the environment, climate and region, reducing energy consumption of the building during heating and cooling, saving per capita use of urban land, and qualitatively, promoting social sustainability is a determining factor. The research findings present the principles of Plex housing design in three dimensions: climate, social and sustainability. This can meet the requirements of the collective housing criteria and the principles and benefits of using the Plex housing as a new method in residential housing in the country.

1. To review the positive aspects of Plex housing 2. To provide a model for the principles of Plex housing design in order to achieve quantitative and qualitative design dimensions .

1. What are the positive aspects of Plex housing? 1. What criteria and standards can be effective in plex housing design?

The crisis of identity and the lack of clear theoretical foundations in the construction of religious buildings that are rooted in the deep meanings of Islamic philosophy is one of the challenges of today’s Iranian architecture. A lack that has had adverse results not only in the process of creating architecture but also in recognizing and intervening past buildings. Therefore, more research is needed on concepts such as beauty and glory, which are recognizable both in the nature of architectural works and in their perception. Considering that the concepts of beauty and glory have always been studied under the subject of beauty, first a specific theoretical framework was developed that expresses two different views on beauty. The aesthetic categories, from which the concepts of beauty and splendor are defined, are elaborated in the next step. Then, the concept of beauty and glory, derived from the theoretical framework, is accomplished. This section initiated from qualitative concepts and purely theoretical topics and finally reached quantitative-qualitative results in architecture. In the end, certain parameters were stated that, on the other hand, determine what are the attributes of the two words beauty and glory of manifestation and what effect they have on the audience. Research in terms of purpose is an applied research and in terms of strategy falls into the category of descriptive-analytical research. In addition, analytical-historical research methods have been used, particularly in past artworks and monuments. The collection of information in the field of theory has been done with library studies and with the help notetaking methods.

For prolonged ages, attention to the sky and celestial phenomena has amazed mankind and encouraged him to discover the secrets and mysteries of the unknown as inquisitively as possible. The infinite vastness of the sky and galaxies, the indescribable beauty of the stars, the brightness of the moon, the rising and setting of the sun, etc., little by little has enhanced this sense of interest and curiosity in the human conscience to the extent that its manifestation is seen in many works of art and literature worldwide. Among the many astronomical elements, the sun is one of the stars that has a beautiful effect in poetry. The question that can be asked here is that according to the artistic and aesthetic aspects of the sun, what place did this element have in the poems of the three great Persian poets Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani, Anwari and Nezami? The fifth and sixth centuries Hegira are one of the most fruitful periods in the history of Persian literature and the provinces of Khorasan, Isfahan, Iran and Azerbaijan are the main centers of poetry and literature of this era; hence, the present article studies the effect of the sun based on astronomical features in the ancient poems of the mentioned poets of the who the fifth and sixth centuries Hegira. The findings of the research indicate that the sun is visible in different forms in mentioned poetry including: the twelve towers of Aries, Gemini, Cancer, etc., Shafagh and Falaq, the true and false morning and eclipse.

1. The expression of various manifestations of ancient astronomy in Persian poetry 2. The study of various effects of the sun based on ancient astronomy in the poems of Nasser Khosrow, Anwari and Nezami .

1. What is the place of ancient astronomy in Persian poetry? 2. What is the reflection of the sun and its astronomical effects in the Persian poems of poets such as Naser Khosrow, Anwari and Nezami?

Postmodern architecture distinguishes no unblemished boundaries between art and sociology. According to the idea of ​​"global culture", which is associated with the increasing production of knowledge and technology, the gap between modernity and tradition in the discourses of artistic creation is no longer a challenge to creativity, and the use of the paradigm of pluralism and uncertainty makes the gathering of dissimilar words possible in an assembled culture.  This study attempts to apprehend the pattern of artistic assemblages and its undeniable relationship with identity and tradition in Iranian society. Despite their innovative ideas, these patterns are also dependent on long-standing national and religious discourses and have raised the issue of the place of postmodern artistic creativity while preserving Western approaches and national identity in contemporary Iranian art. The present study is an analytical-descriptive study in which data is collected by document analysis and its findings were examined by content analysis method in the relationships between main, dependent and intermediate assumptions. The findings indicate that rapid changes in new facilities reduce the opportunity for their audiences to accept votes that are inconsistent with national identity since one of the global symbols of postmodern society is the disordered production and consumption of cultural symbols; signs that give rise to multifaceted narratives. As a result, according to the moral responsibility of postmodern art, by preserving the common local discourses, contemporary art concepts can be expressed in creative means with a assemblage pattern in order to spread world culture similar to postmodern commodity.

1. A study on the position of postmodernist creativity in contemporary Iranian art. 2. Understanding and interpreting patterns of integration and assembly in artistic images and its undeniable relationship with identity and tradition in Iranian society.

1. Are divergent assembly patterns able to provide a solution to enter the creative context of postmodern aesthetics in contemporary Iranian art? 2. What are the mutual strategic themes between the main concepts (postmodern sociology), the dependent (artistic creativity) and the intermediary (the model of assembly in contemporary Iranian art)?

It is obvious that the revival of the works of literature and culture of our beloved land has a fundamental role in recognizing the cultural, social, historical and political characteristics of our past society. Pay attention to the pious and pure people of the Safavid and Afshari periods and point to the reflection of these poems on the calligraphy art of the Qajar period. During the Qajar period, calligraphy spread more than the pre-art period. Although the cornerstone of calligraphy was laid in the very pre-Qajar period and significant efforts were made in this field, but the prosperity of this art can be seen in the Qajar period. Mirza Agha Sadegh Hijri Tafreshi is a poet of Safavid and Afshari eras. He first composed a historical-religious Masnavi and then became interested in mystical and passionate poems. Although various concepts and themes are observed in the poems of Agha Sadegh, literary and religious contents are among the prominent theme.

In this article, by examining a number of the hadiths of the Infallibles and Imamate, it has been determined that the most imperative document of the event of Ghadir Khom and infallibility and Imamate of Imams (AS) is the existence of Quranic texts and narrations in which there is a consensus among the Imams. By observing, in general, it can be said that the situation of the narrators was examined based on the opinions of the Shiite men that is found in most of the series of documents of the narrations of the infallibility and Imamate and is of a reliable source. Of course, a few of them are not authentic according to the sayings of the pious men, but in terms of transcript, these narrations are deliberated. Among these narrations, most of them are of the meaningful hadiths, which include authentic, good and genuine hadiths. In the following research, by examining the interpretation of a number of the authentic verses describing the event of Ghadir Khom and the attributes of Imamate and guardianship of Imam Ali (pbuh) in the view of Ibn Shahr Ashob Mazandarani, this event will be manifested in the illustrated copies of the Ilkhanid and Safavid eras. Verses and hadiths are virtues and attributes that an innocent person needs to have; Among these attributes: being innocent of sins, being trustworthy to God, purifying oneself from sins and defects, and giving alms in all cases are indispensable. According to the accomplished studies in Iranian painting, which have always been the focus of religious themes, a unique attitude is seen. In the paintings, with the help of visual elements, the dignity of the province and the Imamate of Imam Ali (pbuh) is shown and generally this event is shown in an open and wide space, as if witnesses of this event are also present to attest this occurrence.

1- Investigating the narration of Ghadir Khom by Ibn Shahr Ashob and its comparison with available documents. 2 Studying the reflection of the narrations of Ghadir Khom event in Iranian painting. Research questions: 1- Has Ibn Shahr Ashob considered the necessary documentations when mentioning and interpreting the verses and narrations of Ghadir Khom? 2- How is the narration of Ghadir Khom reflected in Iranian painting?

Empirical marketing is one of the most widely used methods of developing various jobs and industries today. Among these, the field of cultural tourism is one of the fields that requires the application of new marketing approaches. Therefore, in the present study, the role of commercial marketing has been investigated. The aim of this study is based on an applied-developmental research and in terms of implementation method in the field of descriptive-survey research; moreover, a correlational type and heuristic mixed method has been used. At the qualitative stage, the research decision team consists of 20 managers, experts and specialists with characteristics such as availability, experience, suitability of the field of study, holding a doctoral or master's degree, university teaching and authorship experience. In a small stage, the statistical population consists of tourists from Neyshabour, whose number is unlimited; also, the Krejcie and Morgan table has been used to determine the sample size; consequently, the sample size was 384 people and the random sampling method was stratified. Fuzzy Delphi method and factor analysis have been used to identify experimental marketing indicators. The results showed that 6 general categories (five senses, emotion, thinking, relationship, action and reaction, excitement) and 33 sub-indicators have been introduced as the most important indicators of cultural tourism branding with emphasis on sensory marketing.

1. Investigating the role of commercial marketing in the field of cultural tourism 2. Explaining the cultural tourism branding model with emphasis on experimental marketing using Delphi technique and structural equations

1. Can commercial marketing play a role in the development of cultural tourism? 2. Can empirical marketing be effective in creating a cultural tourism branding pattern?

Mandala is one of Jung's most important archetypes associated with some numbers, geometric shapes and concepts, the most important of which is unity and the most prominent geometric shape of the circle that can be observed in art and literature. Kurdish. Child and adolescent storytellers have used mythological archives as a tool to enrich their stories. Mandala is one of the archetypes used in the stories of children and adolescents. Given that children's and adolescent writers tend to be mythical and need to be scientifically applied using this efficient tool, this paper has attempted a library-based approach with a descriptive-analytic approach. Examine Mandala in the stories of children and adolescents. For this purpose, Mandala is first briefly defined and then this type of archetype is analyzed in the stories of children and adolescents. Mandala appears to be expressed in the stories of children and adolescents in symbols such as time, moon, sun, cave, fountain, numbers, and circle.

Urban landscapes, the first and most external covering, in addition to introducing the identity and personality of cities, consciously or unconsciously affects human beings and the perception resulting from these consequences are the cause of human behavior in the environment. In the present study, the theoretical framework is designed based on the general theories proposed in the field of perception phenomenology, particularly in the field of architecture and urbanism. The study area (three middle cities of northwestern Iran) includes Mahabad, Buchan and Saqez, which in general have a uniform consistency of ethnic, cultural, religious and customs commonalities. The sample study includes 154 participants, including 94 men and 60 women are selected by purposive and non-probabilistic sampling. Moreover, the research method is a combination of phenomenological and grounded theory. The grounded theory method is used in the data coding and category extraction stage and the interpretive phenomenology method is used in the data interpretation section. The results of the study identify the components affecting the perceptual experiences of urban landscapes, and finally, a diagram of the perceptual stages of urban landscapes is presented, which can be considered as a paradigm in the design of urban landscapes.

 Research aims

1- Developing a phenomenological model for the perception of urban views 2- Proposing solutions for designing urban facades to achieve more humane spaces.

1- What are the mental and objective components of urban views that affect the perception of the audience? 2- According to the phenomenological theories of perception, urban patterns are perceived based on what pattern or model in the mind of the audience?

Art of expression partakes diverse fields and is one of the most comprehensive and concurrently the most interesting type expression is manifested in art, the use of which undoubtedly has a significant impact on the production of quality and luxurious artwork since art is a form of expression and expression is also a practice of art. Meanwhile, in the study of poetry, as an artistic phenomenon, the first phenomenon that attracts the attention is the poet's artistic expression. Works of art, including poetry, act as a prism that presents a diverse perspective from each angle, and the collection of these perspectives provides a general and comprehensive depiction of the prism. One of the significant feature of poets is their relationship with elders and courtiers as for means of encouragement and support, hence, in the poems of such poets, the association between the poet and the praised one is clearly perceived. Among them, poets such as Farrokhi and Manouchehri have addressed “the praised one” in their poetry. This article intends to study and apply the artistic expression of poets such as Farrokhi and Manouchehri in the request for admiration from “the praised one”; moreover, the comparison of such appeals in poetry with the paintings of the eighth century AH is also focused upon. The category of request and appeal, which is one of the sub-branches of lyrical literature, has appeared in the poetry of the mentioned poets in various means and in their poetry they have expressed this feature in an artistic and diverse manner. In this regard, an attempt has been made to study the poems of mentioned poets in order to extract, study and analyze the varieties of material and immaterial requests and appeals towards the praised one.

1. Examining the appeals and requests of the praised one in Farrokhi and Manouchehri poetry 2. Studying the reflection of the status of the praised one in the paintings in the eighth century AH (focusing on the study of Farrokhi and Manouchehri poems)

1. What are the similarities and differences between the appeal of poets such as Farrokhi and Manouchehri from the praised one? 2. Is it possible to find examples of the appeal and request of poets from the praised one in the paintings of the eighth century AH?

The rule of law is one of the multifaceted concepts and terms that has been one of the main concerns of developing countries in recent decades. Cultural and artistic fields similar to other dimensions of the social system in different societies, play a significant role in achieving inclusive growth and development. Iranian society in the contemporary period from the Pahlavi government (1941- 1978) completely exposed itself to development and this situation was followed after the establishment of the Islamic Revolution (1978). This study aims to investigate the status of the rule of law on contemporary cultural and artistic developments of Iran. The results of this study indicate that countries have not always used the same procedure in exercising the rule of law to achieve inclusive development, but have adopted various procedures based on diverse circumstances. In contemporary Iranian society, factors such as the importance of comprehensive development in society, confrontation with cultural diversity due to the growing communication in the world system, the role of the rule of law in establishing order in the cultural and artistic space and the issue of protection of Islamic values and Islamic ideology have revealed the need to establish legal institutions and codify laws in the field of culture and art; hence, the rulers and politicians took the necessary measures for the rule of law on cultural development. Research objectives 1. Analysis of the backgrounds and causes of the rule of law on the cultural and artistic development of Iran in the contemporary period 2. Investigating the relationship between cultural development and the ideology of Iranian society in the contemporary period Research questions 1. In the Iranian society in the contemporary period, what factors and contexts have led to the rule of law over cultural development? 2. Do the ideologies that govern a society play a role in cultural development programs?

Romantic themes and the description of the beloved have been one of the constant pillars of the structure and content of the sonnet as a form of poetry since its foundation. However, the historical course of the sonnet indicates that there have been conceptual alterations in a number of periods. Undoubtedly, a set of changes in the cultural and social atmosphere of a society can play a role in creating changes in the styles of poetry and lyrical themes; as they are a passage for expressing feelings and spiritual belongings. In classical lyric poetry, the beloved beholds a general and stable appearance, moreover, before the constitution, according to the descriptions of the lyricists, no change is visible in this appearance. Nonetheless, by studying the poetry of contemporary lyricists, a variation is seen in romantic themes, mainly in introducing the image of the beloved with a more artistic description. The question that arises here is that which components in the sonnets of contemporary Iranian poets have initiated the emergence of the artistic appearance of the beloved? The research findings show that the dramatic change in the artistic description of the beloved in the contemporary period is due to the type of lover-poet attitude towards the beloved. Components such as the desertion of repetitive descriptions and stereotypes of the beloved image in the sonnet, the use of novel and new similarities and resemblances in describing the beloved image and the invention of new attributes and combinations have led to changes in structure, form and format; furthermore, the lover has lost its generality and has moved towards individuality. Likewise, the owner-slave relationship between the lover and the beloved, which was the result of classical lyric poetry, gave way to a two-way relationship with mutual understanding. These changes are due to the revolution in the poet's lyrical mentality towards man and society. It demonstrations that the lover and the beloved have become closer to each other - and many of the desires of the lover, which were unreachable are now achievable. This approach of contemporary lyricists has led to the artistic depiction of the beloved in the lyric.

1. Explaining the alteration in the image of the beloved in contemporary Iranian lyrical poetry 2. Presenting the effective components in creating an artistic description of the beloved in contemporary lyric poems of Iran .

1. What factors played a role in creating a change in contemporary sonnets and descriptions of the beloved? 2. Which components in the lyric poems of contemporary poets have led to the artistic depiction of the beloved?