فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1399)

In this article, we want the analysis foreign policy Islamic Republic of Iran in the perspective institutionalism. The main question of this research is that which institutions are a basic role in the oriented foreign policy and what did happen Iran failed at the end of foreign policy? For answer the question we articulated institution foreign policy of Iran to four particular: bureaucratic, democratic, theocratic and military institution. Every one of this institution has one philosophic, doctrine and policy in the foreign policy of Iran. In the perspective of the institution, all epistemology must be regulated in one end and all doctrine and policy must be in one oriented. But in Iran, all the aspect of the bureaucratic, democratic, theocratic and military institution have separate oriented and this function resulted from parallel policymaking. In the act policy always we see integrate and coalition theocratic with military aspect and bureaucratic with democratic. The episteme of theocratic aspect is religious and ideological Shia and the military aspect want to reach stability and national security. The Iran of democratic always related to demand of citizen and always originated from president and parliament institution. The bureaucratic aspect related to administrative and organization in the political three branches and staff that employed in this structure. They demand conservatism and authority our organization. This article analysis all the thinker, concept, achievement and pathology four aspects of institution and narrative that for reach to national interest government must respect to rule institutionalism in foreign policy

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the change in the Islamic Republic of Iran's position on how to communicate with the international system, especially the West, as well as Iran's withdrawal from the alliance with the West, the United States was outraged by Iran's withdrawal from its sphere of influence As a result, he put a series of activities on the agenda to put pressure on Iran. Meanwhile, the issue of sanctions in various fields is one of the most important tools of the United States against Iran, most of which include the Iranian aerospace industry. In this regard, this article has tried to express and examine the effects and consequences of sanctions in the aviation industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on the main actors in the political and legislative structure of the United States of America, namely Congress, Treasury Department and US Treasury Department. Pay attention. This article provides a more realistic picture of how the US government is making decisions and imposing sanctions on Iran Until policymakers are more precise about the reality of the origins of aviation sanctions, they will be able to apply the best guidelines in addition to addressing the destructive effects of sanctions.

Countries Economic dependency on fossil fuels caused to increasingly demand for stable supply of oil and natural gas. Therefore, energy pipelines are acquiring increasingly greater significance as the most stable supply method. Despite the limited extent of south Caucasus, it Considered as an important region for the energy transition. by taking geo-restrictions into account, the pipelines of the region should transfer from neighbor areas to reach the Consumption markets. Turkey by optimal use from a mentioned condition not only has become a transit country but also has supplied domestic consumption as well. This naturally begs the following question. What is Turkey's placement in Geopolitics of energy at the south Caucasus? and what is the implication of this situation for Iran? By applying the concepts of "Energy Hub Country" and " Energy Transit Country" has argued that Turkey is a transit country for the Caucasus. the initiative of energy transition from turkey without the participation of Iran caused to reduce Tehran Influence in compression with Ankara, Especially in Economic arena. This assumption is examined by applying the framework of geopolitics of energy and neorealism theory in International relations. This study used descriptive analytical method.

The failure to strike a balance of power against the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century has been a new phenomenon in international relations. Liberal thinkers see the reason for this, in addition to the extraordinary power of the United States in the military dimension, the existence of a set of factors called the "soft power" of the United States. The creation of international institutions, organizations and regimes, the production of public security goods, financial-commercial and economic, multilateralism and the avoidance of unilateralism, and ultimately domestic liberal structure, are the main features of US soft power that have led the United States to position "Liberal hegemony" in the established international order. But under George Walker Bush, unilateralism and disregard for certain international structures and institutions in American foreign policy cast doubt on pure optimism about the auspicious hegemon. After Barack Obama's presidency and the inauguration of Donald Trump, however, she pursued a policy of "America First," a terrible retreat from many international institutions and regimes, Refusing to produce public security and economic goods and ending what he calls "free riding", pursuing economic nationalism, pure unilateralism in the international system, and ultimately disregarding the interests of other actors, including friends and allies of the United States, the status of "liberal hegemony" and Good behavior has challenged the country.

The successful launch of the Noor satellite into space (April 2020) was met with a strong response from the United States and some of its allies to Iran's violation of legal rules and international standards. However, the Islamic Republic of Iran has always stated that the development of its space program is based on the norms of international law and within the framework of conventions and treaties related to space law and has legal and international legitimacy; For this reason, it will continue to develop and expand its space program. This article examines the legitimacy of Iran's space program from the perspective of international rules, law, and standards, and argues that the main purpose of the United States is to threaten Iran's space program within the framework of a strategy of maximum pressure to build an international consensus against Iran. Research findings show that the United States is focusing on part of Iran's space program, which is dedicated to the technology of transmitting and sending satellites into space, seeks to portray Iran's actions in field of Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV) as a cover for the development of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) carrying nuclear warheads, and thus to represent Iran's space program as a threat to international peace and security. The two main pillars of this US strategy focus on Iran's long-range SLV capability (aimed at representing it as intercontinental ballistic missiles) and its ability to carry satellite or cargo by SLV (aimed at representing it as ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads).

The global economy has witnessed a trade war between China and the United States since January 2018, which is complex and widespread, and has now turned into a tech-war with sanctions Huawei and ZTE. The US trade war with China is a zero-sum game that has no winners and severely hurts both sides. So the question is, why did the United States start a trade war against China, and what are its consequences? The US trade deficit with China and the competition for control of the global economy are the reasons of trade war. If continued and intensified, reducing the growth of world trade and creating two economic blocs with the focus on the United States and China are its consequences. The purpose of this article is to show that China's growth in recent years, especially after joining the World Trade Organization, has led that the Trump administration knows China as a strategic competitor in its National Security Strategy document and threatening to US domination on global economy. So with the trade war against this country, it is trying to contain China's growth.

The confrontation between the two countries of the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran has a relatively long history And the recent challenges in the areas of military, nuclear weapons, proxy wars, missile programs, Zionist security, human rights claims and … have been added to its severity. The present research is trying to identify and present the key drivers of American threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran with a combination of futuristic approaches. For this purpose, Fuzzy Delphi method and Cross-Impact analysis are used to answer research questions. To achieve this goal, in the first part of the study using the experts' opinions, 52 Drivers Effective on US Military Threats against I.R of Iran was identified and after four phases of the Fuzzy Delphi process, it reduced to 10 drivers. In the second part, with the help of Cross-Impact analysis and Mick Mac software, key drivers have been introduced. The results show that the " proxy war" and "Strengthen the military power of regional countries " variables are considered as key drivers of US military threat against Iran due to the simultaneous influential and impressible (As well as being located in the northeast region of the chart).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the group consonant typology and its role in the development of the ISIS group using qualitative method in the Grounded Theory approach. The study population consisted of all internal and external sources including articles, lectures, sites and news reports, interviews, films, etc. between the years 2014 to 2018 (four years), especially about the ISIS group. For the purpose of sampling due to the qualitative nature of the research, 42 documented sources that meet the required standards were selected and targeted for qualitative analysis. Based on the findings of the research, membership in ISIS group due to interaction of situational and external factors and interpersonal factors, under the influence of the dominant context and interventional variables using different strategies, such as: Group conformity in the Information Type In the first step and the continued activity of ISIS members under the influence of group conformity strategy can be explained in a normative type. Increased tension in social relationships and increased tension in interpersonal personality are among the consequences of joining and continuing to work in the ISIS group.

Security is one of the keywords of international relations which is used in both narrow and wide sense. The mainstream in international relations emphasizes the narrow security, In contrast, the Copenhagen school, represented by Buzan and his colleagues, introduced the notion of widespread security against narrow security into the literature of international relations. The concept of widespread security means a broader and more liberal conception of security, not limited to the physical security of the actors involved, and it includes military, political, economic, social and environmental security. This study aims to answer the question, whether changes in the concept of security in the subjective sense, were also present in practice and international instructions or not? To answer this question, the hypothesis of this study is that along with subjective changes in the concept of security, there were changes in practice and international instructions, for instance in the documents of sustainable development (2015) and practical actions of governments (2015-2018).Finally, the results of this study indicate that changes in the concept of security were present in international instructions and practical actions of governments, therefore the hypothesis of this study is confirmed. This study is descriptive-analytical, and it is based on documentation and analyzing the content.

The level of attention to the problems and challenges of oil revenues in the country's economy and consequently the nationalization of the country's economy requires a revision of the structure and institutions in the country's economy. It is an industry and capital. Iran has a land border with seven countries, especially Iraq, with a number of Central Asian and Caucasian countries and the Persian Gulf. The Iraqi market is a good opportunity to expand the export of Iranian products. And the topics and challenges are emerging in foreign trade between Iran and Iraq. The research method used is the analysis of the content (theme) and the analysis of statistical data of the International Trade Center. Semi-structured interviews were conducted purposefully and snowball sampling was conducted with 12 experts and specialists in the field of foreign trade and researchers who had sufficient knowledge in the field of foreign trade in Iraq. Then a thematic analysis was performed. The study identified 10 important challenges after data saturation, including economic diplomacy, quality, value added, foreign direct investment, government support for infrastructure development and modernization, inefficiency of export management companies, lack of export diversification and economic complexity, and restructuring. Economics is based on the policies of the resistance economy. The results show that the most important economic strategy and prerequisite for Iran's foreign trade is structural change and the application of indicators of economic complexity in the production of science-based products and the capacity of domestic capabilities

Nowadays, with the complexity and chaos of the international system, regions have also been greatly affected by the logic of complexity. One of the important areas affected by the complex security order is middle east. In this way, the question is what are the bases for the middle east security order in the Conditions of complexity of its dominant?In response to this question, it is suggested that non linearity, dynamics, and chaos are the hallmarks features of the phenomena in the middle east region. Accordingly, the middle east regions security order is nonlinear and based on novel and fuzzy logic and therefore demands new security strategies. This research with descriptive-analytical approach attempts to explain the Middle East security order in complex situation. Accordingly, according to complexity theory the research tries to explain complexity in the regions and then the Middle East region as a case study explained. Accordingly, according to complexity theory the research tries to explain complexity in the regions and then the Middle East region as a case study explained.

Political participation plays a critical role in establishment, preservation, and continuity of democracies. Therefore, a considerable amount of literature attempted to address factors contributing to the political participation. In this study, we tried to prepare a critical meta-analysis of internally published papers on the political participation through the mixed method. In this vein, according to the purposive sampling strategy, 13 papers were selected among papers published in the last decade at Iranian nation-wide journals. Our analysis on the main sections of selected papers including the definition of the dependent variable, theoretical foundations, and theoretical framework, show fundamental epistemological shortcomings in all parts. Most samples did not follow a coherent theoretical framework, while methodological problems seriously influenced the validity of their results. Regarding their findings, we conclude that the political openness and consequently the perception of effectiveness, as well as media and membership in the communities are the main incentives of conventional political participation, mainly voting; meanwhile, fatalism and feeling of powerlessness are recognized as obstacles.

In the past decades, the importance of public opinion has increased in foreign policy decision making. Although public opinion itself is influenced by political leaders and the media, it plays an important role in the decision making process. The question we ask in this article asks is: how the American public views Iran, and how Iran may influence this view? We study more than 4000 question items from numerous public opinion surveys from 1979 to 2017. The overarching observation is that the American public has a consistently negative view of Iran, which does not seem to change from decade to decade. Moreover, all of the foreign policy decisions made by the United States government has been in line with public opinion at the time. Finally, we offer some lessons drawn from the experience of other countries in how Iran’s image may be improved in the United States to better resemble reality.

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the policy impact of health researches in the field of COVID-19 with an Altmetrics approach, and other objectives of the study include the study of the popularity of this subject in social media, governance systems and policy documents that have benefited from these studies, their thematic dimensions, and the policy impact of COVID-19 clinical trial researches. This was applied research conducted using altmetric, and content analysis indicators. Based on the above, all the researches of COVID-19 in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was extracted and observed in the Altmetrics database which returned 4308 researches in COVID-19. 95% of COVID-19 research was mentioned on Twitter. Among them, %0.01 referred to policy documents, of which %45 were related to Switzerland and %36.6 to the United States. Seven of these were conducted as a clinical trial. Topics covered in policy documents of COVID-19 included public health services, clinical sciences, and medical microbiology. Using altmetric and web metrics are useful in tracking the cultural, social, and policy dimensions of researches and monitoring user interactions on social media, especially Twitter, which is an attractive media for academic and non-academic users in a wide range of medical sciences. Moreover, the mentions of these researches in policy documents, in such a short time, express the importance of them at the high policymaking levels of countries, specifically those in clinical trials.

Coronavirus and Covid disease entered the world and created many problems for developed and underdeveloped societies and changed the existing systems and structures of order, including human lifestyles. Lifestyle can be divided into two distinct periods before and after the phenomenon. From this perspective, the word post-corona means the beginning of a new and different era of the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dimensions of modern lifestyle of young people in the post-corona period, which was conducted in the spring of 2020 in Neyriz city of Fars province.

The study method of this research is qualitative and with a phenomenological approach, the data of which were collected through semi-structured interviews in which the theoretical and purposeful sampling method of 21 citizens of Neyrizi Was interviewed.

After analyzing the qualitative data, six main themes were identified, which are: health-centered lifestyle, family-centered lifestyle, media-based lifestyle, community-based lifestyle, culture-based lifestyle and leisure-centered lifestyle and each Which of these have subcategories.

The results of the study showed that the corona virus, despite the costs that its outbreak imposed on society, provided a good opportunity to review and rethink the lifestyle and lifestyle of young people across the community faced with major changes.

In the event of an epidemic crisis, such as the outbreak of the Covid 19 virus, the widespread consequences of the virus rapid spread in the fields of political, social, economical, health and medical will require governments, organizations and managers to make various strategic decisions. These crises cause many problems.Therefore, in the present study, a new method of strategic decision making called "strategic loss" has been introduced and also its applications have been explained. The present research method is analytical description of the estimation type and also is a qualitative study that examining the literature of the subject with the method of thematic analysis. In addition, the different applications of this decision-making method are expressed. In addition, the strategies used to achieve the strategic loss have been investigated. The results show that the strategic loss decision-making method is used to take advantage of opportunities and pass with minimal damage from crises accompanied by multiple uncertainties. Finally, "heroic flexibility" is introduced as one of the examples of this decision-making method.